First, the cause of the fire:

Life factors:

Fire caused by cooking with fire; Fire caused by littering cigarette butts and match sticks; Careless gas welding and electric welding cause fire; Fires caused by barbecue items and tempering items; Fire caused by fire heating.

2. Fire caused by improper installation and use of electrical appliances:

Motor overload operation or poor insulation, short circuit heating and fire; The electrical wiring is not installed firmly or the connector is loose, causing the surrounding combustible materials to catch fire; Pulling and connecting wires randomly or aging and damage of insulation layer of lines lead to short circuit of parallel lines and spark fire; Transformer coil insulation damage or poor connector contact causes short circuit or excessive resistance to heat and catch fire; Used electric iron, soldering iron, electric stove, etc. It caught fire without cutting off the power supply; Failing to install and use the fuse, losing the protection function due to overload, or replacing the fuse with other wires to cause a fire; Use high-power light bulbs to catch fire near flammable materials.

3. In violation of operating procedures, use fire:

Mixing hazardous chemicals with conflicting properties, causing fire; Welding in violation of regulations, causing fire; In the process of chemical production, over-temperature and over-pressure operations cause fires; AWOL in production causes fire; Smoking and using fire in places where flammable and explosive chemicals are heard, causing fires; When handling inflammable and explosive articles, random tumbling, collision and friction cause fire.

Second, the fire regulations:

1. Fire safety responsibility system: The Fire Protection Law clearly stipulates that fire safety responsibility system shall be implemented in fire protection work. First, the legal representative and leaders in charge of the unit are responsible for the fire safety work within their own work scope, and the heads of various departments, teams and groups and personnel in various positions are responsible for the fire safety work within their respective jurisdictions to ensure the implementation of fire safety measures.

2. If a fire breaks out in a crowded place, and the staff of the place fails to fulfill the obligation of organizing and guiding the evacuation of the people present, if the circumstances are serious and do not constitute a crime, they shall be detained for more than 5 days 10 days in accordance with the Fire Protection Law.

3. Those who violate the regulations on fire safety management shall be given a warning or fined up to 500 yuan according to Article 63 of the Fire Protection Law. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for up to five days.

4. Key units of fire control safety shall conduct daily fire control inspections, determine the inspectors, contents, locations and frequencies, and establish a fire control safety inspection account.

Third, fire escape skills:

1. Use the evacuation passage to escape:

Every shopping mall is equipped with indoor stairs and outdoor stairs according to regulations, and some are also equipped with escalators and fire elevators. After the fire, especially in the early stage, these are good escape routes. When going down the stairs, grab the handrail to avoid being knocked down by the crowd. Don't take the ordinary elevator to escape, because in case of fire, power failure also happens from time to time, which can't guarantee the normal operation of the elevator.

2. Self-made escape equipment:

Shopping malls (bazaars) are places where materials are highly concentrated and there are many kinds of goods. After the fire, there are many materials that can be used to escape. For example, "after soaking, cover your nose and mouth with a towel and a mask, which can be used as a smoke prevention tool;" Use rope, cloth, sheets, carpets and curtains to open the escape route.

3. Use buildings to escape:

In case of fire, if the above two methods can't escape, you can use the downpipe, protruding parts inside and outside the house, various doors and windows and lightning protection nets (wires) of buildings to escape or move to a safe area to find escape opportunities.

Step 4 find a place to hide:

In the case of nowhere to escape, we should actively seek refuge. If you go to the outdoor balcony and the flat roof of the floor, wait for rescue; Choose a room where fire and smoke are difficult to spread, close doors and windows and block gaps. If there is water in the room, immediately wet doors, windows and all kinds of combustible materials to prevent or slow down the spread of fire and smoke. People trapped during the day or at night should call for help loudly and constantly send out various distress signals to attract the attention of rescuers.

Four, fire safety knowledge:

1. fire safety: the construction of "four abilities": the ability to eliminate fire hazards, the ability to put out initial fires, the ability to organize and guide evacuation and escape, and the ability to publicize and educate fire safety knowledge.

2. On-site treatment procedure for initial fire: dial "1 19" to organize personnel evacuation, alert the fire site, put out the initial fire and assist in fire fighting.

3. Fire safety: "five understandings": understand fire safety laws and regulations; Understand the fire risk of the unit and the post; Understand the fire safety responsibilities, systems, operating procedures and fire prevention measures; Understand fire fighting and emergency evacuation and fire fighting; Know how to escape from the fire.

4. "Four Meetings": will call the police, use fire-fighting facilities and equipment, put out initial fires and organize personnel evacuation.

5. How to use the fire extinguisher: unplug the safety pin, hold the nozzle in one hand and the handle in the other, and aim the nozzle at the root of the flame.

Extended data

Indoor fire protection system:

Indoor fire protection system refers to the facility system installed indoors to put out the initial fire of buildings. It mainly includes indoor fire hydrant system, automatic sprinkler system, water mist fire extinguishing system, foam fire extinguishing system, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system, halon fire extinguishing system, dry powder fire extinguishing system, heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system and aerosol fire extinguishing system. According to fire statistics, it is proved that installing indoor fire fighting system is an effective and necessary safety measure.

Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Fire Protection