Common risk factors of boilers are: 1.
Abnormal water level is mainly caused by lack of water and full water when the boiler is running. When there is a serious shortage of water, the water wall tube has been partially dried and overheated. If water is forced in at this time, the high temperature air bag and water wall tube will be quenched, resulting in huge thermal stress. At the same time, a large amount of water will vaporize, causing large-scale damage to the pipe and even tube explosion.
Therefore, when the boiler is seriously short of water, water must not be added to the boiler immediately, and the boiler should be shut down immediately. Full water will also cause serious fluctuation of steam pressure and damage the boiler. At this time, water supply or drainage should be reduced in time, and the furnace should be stopped for inspection when necessary.
2。 The rise of soda water is mainly due to the abnormal fluctuation of boiler water level and the large degree of water surface overturning.
The reason is that the salt content in the water is high, and the scaling on the pipe wall is serious. Due to the disturbance of water vaporization, the pressure fluctuation of the steam system is serious, which may sometimes cause the parts of the boiler pressure-bearing system to be damaged or even the furnace tube to burst. 3。
Furnace explosion Furnace explosion refers to the instantaneous combustion of combustible substances in the furnace. The main reason is that there are combustibles and combustible gases in the furnace before ignition.
These combustibles and combustible gases are generally left behind because of unsuccessful ignition and failure to clean the furnace in time, which may lead to deflagration when re-ignited. Therefore, before the boiler is ignited, it must be ventilated and replaced to remove combustible substances, so that the concentration of combustible gas is far below the explosion limit.
2. What are the risk factors of pressure vessels?
In production and life, you may come into contact with pressure vessels, which are closed vessels under pressure.
If the pressure vessel breaks, it will release huge energy, causing casualties and damage to equipment and buildings. Some pressure vessels contain combustible gas. Once it leaks, the combustible gas will immediately mix with air and reach the explosion limit. If you encounter a fire source, it will trigger a chain reaction such as secondary explosion or combustion, resulting in serious fire, explosion and casualties.
Therefore, the state manages pressure vessels and boilers as special equipment. Pressure vessels can be divided into Class I vessels, Class II vessels and Class III vessels according to their pressure grade, harm range of medium, use and dangerous function in production process.
The causes of pressure vessel rupture can be generally divided into five types: brittle fracture, fatigue fracture, corrosion fracture and creep fracture.
3. What are the main hazards of steam boilers?
1, monitor the boiler for hazard sources, check the steam boiler regularly and monitor the pressure, water level, temperature and combustion at any time to control the boiler operation.
And take timely measures to ensure safety. 2. Handling of special circumstances in the operation of steam boiler: boiler is short of water: when the boiler is short of water, the water level in the water level gauge is lower than the limit water level, so it is invisible, and the water level alarm gives a low water level alarm, and the bell rings and the light is on. The low water level interlock device stops the operation of the blower and induced draft fan; When the flue gas temperature of the boiler rises and the water shortage is serious, the top of the boiler produces the smell of burnt lake. From the oven door, you can see the red-hot water wall tube, the tube is deformed or even burst, and you can hear the blasting sound. Steam and smoke spewed from the oven door.
Treatment: When it is judged that there is serious water shortage, the boiler should be stopped urgently, and it is forbidden to feed water into the boiler with serious water shortage. Immediately stop the fuel supply, stop blowing to weaken the induced draft fan, remove the coal in front of the grate from the furnace, and open and close the grate to the maximum extent, so that the burning su falls into the slag bucket and is doused by water. After the fire is extinguished, stop the induced draft fan and open the ash door and oven door to accelerate cooling.
Note: It is forbidden to supply water to the boiler, take measures to quickly reduce the pressure to prevent the accident from expanding, and do not use water to extinguish the fire.
4. What is the protection method of boiler danger?
Protection against boiler hazards is as follows: 1. There should be at least two exits on each floor of the boiler room, located on both sides respectively, and the doors should be opened outwards, and the boiler is not allowed to be locked during operation.
The door of the studio or living room of the boiler room should be open to the boiler room. 2. Boiler operation should have operation procedures, succession system, water quality management system and regular inspection system.
3. The operating boiler shall be shut down every year 1 internal and external inspection, and 1 hydrostatic test shall be conducted every two years. 4. In case of any of the following circumstances in the operation of the steam boiler, stop the boiler immediately.
(1) When the boiler water level drops below the specified water level limit. (2) Increase the boiler water supply and take other measures, but the boiler water level continues to decline.
(3) When the water level of the boiler exceeds the upper limit of the water level stipulated in the operation regulations. (4) All water supply machinery malfunctions.
(5) The water level gauge or safety valve fails. (6) The boiler parts are damaged, endangering the safety of operators.
(7) The combustion equipment is damaged, the furnace collapses or the boiler frame burns red. (8) Other abnormal operation conditions.
5. What are the dangerous characteristics of boiler operation, and what are the emergency measures and first aid measures?
Dangerous characteristics and emergency measures of boiler operation The production, storage and operation of enterprises are different in nature and scale. What kind of plan should be prepared to meet the basic requirements of emergency? What is the basic content of the emergency plan? How many functions does this plan have? How to carry out emergency preparation, emergency response and emergency recovery? This * * * superficial discussion is for your reference.
Before making an emergency plan, it is necessary to first identify and evaluate the production situation of the enterprise. Risk factors refer to factors that can cause human casualties and material losses.
Harmful factors refer to factors that can affect people's health, cause diseases or damage things. Usually there is no strict distinction between the two.
Identification of dangerous and harmful factors is the premise and basis for enterprises to prepare emergency rescue plans. Identify the existence and characteristics of hazard sources, find out the substances, systems, processes and characteristics that lead to accident consequences, and evaluate possible accident consequences.
Classification of hazardous and harmful factors (1) is divided into six categories according to the cause of the accident: 1, physical hazards (equipment defects, electrical hazards, noise, vibration, electromagnetic radiation, open flame, high temperature, parabola, dust, working environment, etc. 2, chemical hazards (flammable and explosive substances, spontaneous combustion, toxic and corrosive substances) 3, biological hazards. Psychological hazard factors (psychological abnormality, abnormal health, overload, functional defect, forbidden operation) 5. Behavioral hazards (command, operation and monitoring errors) 6. Other dangerous and harmful factors. (2) According to the causes, hazards and injury modes, the accidents are classified as follows: 1, object strike 2, vehicle injury 3, mechanical injury 4, lifting injury 5, electric shock 6, drowning 7, burning 8, fire 9, falling from a height 10, collapse1,and roof caving.
Two. Risk assessment (1) Basic information of the enterprise: site, geology, topography, meteorological conditions, surrounding environment, general layout of building, functional zoning, road distribution, facilities for hazardous and harmful substances and power equipment; In the production process, key parts such as high temperature, high pressure, corrosion, vibration, control, operation, maintenance, faults and abnormal situations; Electrical equipment, aerial work equipment, special single equipment and pressure vessels; Working environment, toxic substances, noise, vibration, high temperature, low temperature, radiation, dust and other harmful factors and the situation of working parts; Enterprise safety management organization, safety production management system, safety operation procedures, special operations personnel training, daily safety management. (2) Analysis of the consequences of the leakage and diffusion of hazardous chemicals 1. Understand the main leakage equipment and leakage situation.
2. Analyze the causes of leakage. Such as: design reasons, equipment reasons, management reasons, human errors; 3. Analyze the pre-existing consequences.
Flammable gas leakage, toxic gas leakage, liquid leakage, diffusion and the scope after leakage. (III) Fire consequences of dangerous chemicals 1, burning property, building loss 2, explosion 3, death, personal injury 4, gas poisoning 3, vulnerability analysis Vulnerability analysis is to determine the places where enterprises may be damaged in the event of dangerous accidents (I) Processes and equipment and major hazards that are seriously affected by accidents and disasters.
(two) the number and type of population expected to be located in vulnerable areas. Mainly residential areas, schools, hospitals, office buildings, shopping malls and so on.
(3) possible property losses. There are mainly infrastructure, power distribution stations and buildings.
(4) Possible environmental impact. Geographical conditions, meteorological conditions and surrounding environment of the enterprise.
Four. Emergency resources analysis and emergency capacity evaluation Emergency resources mainly refer to: urban emergency rescue forces, such as public security, military, fire fighting, medical rescue, labor, environmental protection, safety supervision and rescue experts, necessary equipment and materials, personal protective equipment, monitoring and testing equipment, emergency power supply equipment and heavy lifting equipment that water, electricity, gas and heat management departments should equip, communication and vehicle equipment and facilities and enterprises. Emergency capability assessment is mainly used to assess the preparation of resources and the ability to engage in emergency activities, ensure the effectiveness of emergency rescue and improve the emergency level of enterprises.
Enterprise emergency assessment can be combined with emergency resource preparation. V. Preparation of Emergency Plan The preparation of emergency plan must consider the present situation and needs of enterprises. On the basis of accident risk analysis results, collect and refer to a large number of existing emergency data to minimize work links.
A complete emergency plan should include the following six contents: (1) Policies and principles No matter what level or type of emergency rescue system, there must be clear policies and principles as the program of emergency work. The guidelines and principles reflect the priority direction, guidelines, scope and overall objectives of emergency rescue work. Emergency planning and preparation, emergency strategy formulation and on-site emergency rescue and recovery should all be carried out around the guidelines and principles.
Emergency rescue work is based on prevention, and the principle of unified command, graded responsibility, regional priority, unit self-help and social rescue is implemented. Emergency rescue is also an important part of accident prevention. Take the initiative to implement various preparatory measures for rescue work, make preparations in advance, and remedy the accident in time to minimize casualties and property losses.
(2) The most important feature of emergency plan is pertinence and operability. Therefore, the emergency plan must define the object of the plan and the available emergency resources, and deeply analyze and evaluate the types, nature, region, distribution and consequences of potential accidents.
According to the analysis and evaluation results, evaluate the strength and resources of enterprise emergency rescue, and provide constructive suggestions for emergency preparation. In the emergency plan, the relevant national and local laws and regulations should also be listed as the basis for making the plan.
Therefore, the emergency plan includes three elements: hazard analysis, emergency response capability, assessment and laws and regulations. (III) Emergency preparedness Emergency preparedness is the result of emergency planning. It is necessary to clarify the required emergency organization and its responsibilities and powers, emergency team building and personnel training, emergency materials preparation, emergency plan drills, public emergency knowledge training and necessary mutual assistance agreements.
(4) The embodiment of emergency capability of emergency enterprises is the core function and task in the process of emergency rescue. These core functions have certain independence and relevance, which constitute the whole emergency response.