Safety accidents mainly focus on falling from high places, object strikes, mechanical injuries and electric shocks. The causes of accidents in the construction industry are not only related to high altitude, open air and labor-intensive operations in the construction industry, but also related to the expansion of the market, imperfect legal system, poor safety awareness, lagging safety education, low quality of personnel and low safety investment in recent years. Here are some reasons for the accident.
First, the quality of construction personnel is low.
At present, most construction employees in China are migrant workers. These migrant workers have generally received basic training and education, lacking due safety knowledge and awareness of safety precautions, leading to safety accidents for themselves or others.
Second, the construction market is not standardized.
A project often has several subcontractors, whose social reputation, construction technology and management level are generally poor. In the process of project construction, they cut corners, have weak safety awareness and have no unified safety management.
Three, in violation of safety operation procedures, brutal construction
Non-mechanical power workers operate the machinery without authorization, resulting in the destruction and death of the machinery. Non-electricians randomly pull wires without going through the leakage switch, and the leakage switch does not work in case of leakage accident, resulting in electric shock death. Migrant workers don't wear seat belts when tying scaffolding and supporting external wall formwork, and the border protection is not strict, sometimes falling accidents occur. In order to catch up with the progress of the project, migrant workers were overtired, and their attention was not concentrated during operation, so they fell down and died.
Fourth, the quality of materials and machines is unqualified.
The crane hook failed, and the bucket fell out of control, injuring the ground construction personnel. The strength of tower arm assembly bolts is not enough, and the shear resistance is weakened. The bolt was cut, which caused the tower arm to lose control, the steel cable broke and fell, and the ground staff were injured. The quality of safety net is poor, which can not effectively intercept falling objects, causing casualties on the ground.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) has incomplete protective facilities.
Protective railings are not erected at the edges, the safety net is set lower than the height of the construction work surface, and the work surface is not fully enclosed. Some elevator wellheads have no guardrail, and there is no interlayer protection in the elevator shaft. The reserved holes, manholes and vents are not protected by protective covers, resulting in falling accidents.
In view of the above analysis, in order to effectively reduce safety accidents, the following measures should be taken.
First, establish and improve the security organization
Construction enterprises must establish and improve the project safety organization, determine the safety production objectives, clarify the specific division of labor of all parties involved in safety management, link the responsibility of safety posts with economic benefits, and adopt different safety management modes according to the nature and scale of the project. For large-scale projects, it is necessary to arrange a special person in charge of safety, equip a reasonable team for safety management, and establish a safety production management data file. The system of "four responsibilities" shall be implemented, in which the unit leader is responsible for the whole construction site, the full-time safety officer is responsible for the part, the team leader, the safety team and the construction technician are responsible for their respective construction areas, and the operators are responsible for their respective work scopes.
Second, standardize construction subcontracting and improve safety laws.
Strengthen the qualification certification and management of general contractors and subcontractors. It is forbidden for the owner to dismember and subcontract a project, and it is forbidden to subcontract many times, so as to strengthen the management of subcontracting by the general contractor. Strengthen the construction of safety legal system, and investigate the responsibility of those who command in violation of regulations, fail to provide safety protection facilities to construction workers, force migrant workers to take risks and work continuously for a long time. On the basis of existing laws and regulations, construction enterprises should conscientiously sum up experience, strengthen the supplement and perfection of laws, standards and systems suitable for the actual production management of their own enterprises, and make the safety production management of enterprises have laws to follow and rules to follow, and step into the track of standardization and institutionalization as soon as possible.
Third, strengthen safety education.
Let every employee know safety knowledge, master safety skills, and realize their responsibility for safety behavior, so as to achieve 1. All personnel entering the construction site must learn safety laws, regulations, safety production knowledge and safety operation skills, and conduct strict examinations before entering the site. 2. All operators in special positions should hold the operating post certificate issued by the labor management department; 3. The licensed scaffolder entering the construction site must experience it regularly; 4. Punish the management personnel who violate the rules and regulations in construction production; 5. Employees who violate the rules in construction and production shall be punished for stopping work according to different situations.
Four, strengthen the management and coordination of safety technology.
After winning the bid, targeted safety technical measures should be prepared. Before construction, workers should be given written disclosure of construction safety technical measures prepared by construction technicians, especially for high-altitude and toxic operations. There must be corresponding technical measures to ensure safety and emergency treatment methods. Every day, the team leader and the team safety officer put forward safety requirements for the day's work operation process. Hold regular safety production management meetings and check safety work regularly. Implement unified management and unified command, and strengthen coordination and cooperation among all lines, blocks and blocks.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) strengthens on-site safety supervision
Enterprises should strengthen the safety supervision and management of the construction site, order illegal command, illegal operation and risky operation to make rectification within a time limit or stop work for rectification, and standardize the construction safety behavior of engineering projects. Security personnel should strengthen the inspection of materials and equipment on the construction site, put an end to the harm of unqualified materials and equipment to personnel, increase investment in safety work and improve various safety facilities. A fixed safety administrator shall be set on the construction operation surface to supervise and control the erection and dismantling of dangerous scaffolding and cranes, hoisting of mechanical equipment, operation of electrical equipment, foundation earthwork excavation, etc.
The safety management of construction enterprises is a systematic dynamic management process, including safety organization and safety awareness. Only by comprehensively using these means can enterprises achieve effective results. To strengthen safety management, we must first establish scientific safety rules and regulations, which should be constantly changing with the development of construction technology to match the new construction technology. At the same time, enterprises should increase investment in safety management to make it consistent with production capacity, and implement the responsibility system for safety production step by step to every job and everyone. And regularly carry out and make use of various forms of publicity activities on safety production laws and regulations, strive to improve the safety quality of construction workers and employees, and earnestly do not harm others, themselves or others, so as to ensure safety production and sound the alarm bell.