1 Fully prepare for practical teaching
1. 1 Psychological preparation teachers must have noble moral quality, high accomplishment, love nursing specialty and be keen on nursing teaching. Teachers are the enlighteners of clinical practice of nursing students. In clinical teaching, teachers' morality, intelligence and spirit directly affect the psychology and behavior of nursing students. Excellent teachers are the fundamental guarantee to improve the quality of clinical teaching [2]. Teachers are required to correct teaching attitude, teach patiently, guide nursing students to start with details, focus on imparting knowledge, prevent errors and accidents, and ensure teaching quality.
1.2 knowledge preparation urology teaching teachers should not only have comprehensive basic nursing knowledge, but also master skilled specialized nursing knowledge and teaching skills, constantly improve their own quality, accumulate nursing experience, organize many nursing teaching seminars in departments every year, exchange experiences, introduce teaching skills, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and improve the teaching level of general nursing.
1.3 Develop a targeted teaching plan. After each batch of nursing students arrive at the school, they should work out a specific and targeted teaching plan with the nursing students according to the requirements of the internship syllabus of different majors. Nursing in urology department is highly operational, and the teaching plan of nursing theory must have specific teaching time, operational requirements, assessment rules and safeguard measures.
Do a good job in training, so that nursing students can adapt to the internship role as soon as possible.
In view of the characteristics that nursing students are highly motivated and curious at the initial stage of clinical practice, but they are not familiar with or have a superficial understanding of the laws and characteristics of hospital nursing work, we focus on pre-job training, explaining the general situation of departments, nursing rules and regulations, how to prevent mistakes and accidents, clinical practice methods and skills, etc. And invite nursing backbones with teaching experience to give special lectures to students. Through the explanation of typical cases, students are guided to participate in clinical practice, so that nursing students can smoothly realize the role change from school to hospital and from students to nurses.
3 The specific teaching should be systematic, professional and personalized.
3. 1 Institutionalize the warm reception of interns with teachers when they enter the department, so as to shorten the distance between teachers and students, reduce strangeness, make them feel intimate with the new learning environment and teachers, stimulate their strong interest in internship work, and devote themselves to internship work with great enthusiasm. And arrange time as soon as possible to explain the undergraduate nursing knowledge to interns, and explain the basic knowledge of urology system through concentrated lectures, such as the etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and nursing points of urinary calculi, infections, tumors, injuries, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypospadias and other diseases. , and focus on all kinds of pipeline nursing, health guidance, discharge guidance and other necessary knowledge.
3.2 Specialization In view of the characteristics of high aseptic requirements, strong professionalism and much privacy of patients in urology nursing, students' internship guidance should be more patient and meticulous, and the operation should be more rigorous and standardized. For professional knowledge, the teaching teacher should make students learn repeatedly and understand deeply through the methods of one explanation, two demonstrations and three operations, so as to achieve the purpose of mastering knowledge. For example, urethral catheterization is a general nursing operation, but it is more professional when it comes to urethral catheterization, and it is also the key content of nursing practice in urology. The following points should be done in practice guidance: (1) Nursing students are required to master the operation essentials and precautions under the guidance of teachers, and they should neither operate blindly and rudely, nor dare to operate because of timidity. (2) Focus on how to protect patients' privacy during operation, and inform students of the consequences of exposing patients' privacy: sexual characteristics exposed by catheterization, especially unmarried patients feel more shy and nervous, leading to stress reactions such as anxiety, and strong psychological reactions increase pituitary-adrenal cortex secretion through sympathetic nerves, leading to hemodynamic changes [3]. (3) At the same time, explain the methods of psychological care for patients before and during operation: for example, tell patients not to be nervous and actively cooperate with the operation. If the coordination is improper, it will increase the resistance during intubation, increase the discomfort during catheterization, guide patients to take a deep breath during intubation, and ensure the smooth catheterization. (4) According to different patients, different diseases and different purposes of catheterization, guide students to master specific operation methods, such as the depth of intubation, the method of indwelling catheter, balloon water injection and gas injection. Another example is bladder perfusion and bladder irrigation, which are also common specialized operations in urology. Nursing students should be informed of the main points of operation and let them practice it in person to understand the steps and how to keep the patient's bed unit dry during the washing process to prevent the washing liquid from leaking wet. In the process of continuous bladder irrigation, teach students how to judge whether the patient is bladder spasm or urethral orifice discomfort caused by pipe blockage.
3.3 Personalization
3.3. 1 Provide different guidance according to the specific situation of students. Because urology has its particularity, it will contact different patients of the opposite sex. For introverted and timid students, encourage them to overcome shyness and fear, so as to increase the opportunity of exercise and increase their sense of accomplishment; For self-motivated nursing students, guide them to be bold and cautious, not sloppy, and strive for perfection.
3.3.2 For different patients with the same disease, instruct students how to care for patients who often encounter the same prostate surgery in the ward. After removing the catheter, all patients have different degrees of frequent urination and urgency, and the recovery time of this process is longer in some patients and shorter in others. Therefore, the first reaction of some patients and their families is to doubt whether the patient's operation is successful or not, and often ask the medical staff "Why didn't someone else's operation be done well?" Therefore, under the premise that the medical staff in the department do a good job in explaining patients and psychological care, the teaching teacher should explain the psychological care principle, treatment methods and key points of patients with the same disease and patients with different individual reactions to the nursing students in detail.
4. Do a good job in internship evaluation
Each batch of practice nursing students should assess their theoretical and operational skills before leaving the department, so as to dynamically understand their mastery of specialized nursing knowledge in undergraduate departments, and give feedback to the students in time, and fill in the comprehensive scores in the Practice Appraisal Form for Nursing Students and incorporate them into the nursing students' files. After each batch of practice nurses leave the department, they will also feed back their views and opinions to the nursing department, and then the head nurse will feed back to the teaching teacher in time to continuously improve the teaching methods and improve the teaching quality.
In a word, clinical nursing practice is a critical period for nursing students to transition to nurses, and also an important stage for shaping nurses' quality. As a clinical teaching teacher, only by effectively imparting their professional knowledge and skills, clinical experience, nursing experience, working attitude and style to students in clinical teaching can students truly understand the connotation of nursing specialty, thus consolidating their professional thinking, enhancing their value and sense of mission in nursing work, and constantly improving their nursing technical level, especially in urology nursing practice teaching.