The so-called direction problem is what aspects of education should be paid attention to among students.
1. Education patriotism and national pride. China is an ancient country with a civilization history of 5,000 years. In the course of 5,000 years, our ancestors created splendid culture for us, and the cultural classics are vast. The Chinese nation is a hardworking, brave, revolutionary and creative nation. Although there are similarities and differences in history, it is only a matter of internal ethnic struggle and regime change. In modern history, the struggle against foreign powers' aggression, saving the nation and survival has been surging, which has made the historical and cultural development of 5,000 years uninterrupted. This is rare in the ancient civilizations of the world. Today, the Chinese nation stands tall in the East, and Chinese sons and daughters are working creatively to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics, striving to make greater contributions to world peace, development and civilization progress. These are the main contents of patriotism education for students and the establishment of national pride.
2. Establish students' sense of social responsibility for self-cultivation.
"University" summarizes education as "three cardinal principles" and "eight items", which is based on self-cultivation, and expands to manage the family, the country and the world. The ideas of "the world is public" and "the world is one family" put forward in The Book of Rites and Li Yun, as well as various measures and actions to respect the elderly, help the young, help the disabled and be lonely, have become the life goals and political thoughts followed and pursued by people with lofty ideals in past dynasties. Have fun with the people; It is necessary to "worry about the world first, and be happy after the world" (Fan Zhongyan: Yueyang Tower); To "enjoy the world" and "worry about the world" ("Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang"); Take Confucius' "cultivate one's morality and protect one's life", "cultivate one's morality and protect one's life" and "The Analects of Confucius" as the ideal goal of life; Wait a minute. All these ideas can be used to establish students' sense of social responsibility.
3. Carry out moral education, improve students' civic quality and strengthen their own moral cultivation.
Almost all China classics, especially Confucian classics, can be used for moral education to improve students' civic quality and moral cultivation. China has a tradition of humanistic education, combining literature with Taoism. Confucius asked himself, "I'm worried if I don't cultivate my self, don't talk about learning, can't migrate if I hear righteousness, and can't change if I'm not good." (The Analects of Confucius) should be a demonstration of our moral cultivation. Disciples' Rules is a moral classic for teenagers based on Confucius' teachings. Today, we pay special attention to it in order to improve the moral cultivation and civic quality of young people.
4. Strengthen the education of "harmony is the most important" and improve students' understanding of peaceful foreign policy.
Using the spirit of "harmony is the most important" and "kingly way" of China's traditional Confucianism and the story of "stopping Chu from attacking Song" in Mozi Gong Bo, educating students on peaceful foreign policy and strengthening international relations should also be one of the important educational contents for teenagers. Since modern times, China has been invaded and oppressed by numerous imperialist powers. During the eight-year War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, it was cruelly squeezed and ravaged by the Japanese invaders. China stood up today, standing in the east. We have repeatedly stressed that no matter how powerful we are, we will never seek hegemony, never beggar our neighbors, and never impose our national system on others. We respect that every country chooses its own national system and political system according to the wishes of its own people and its actual situation. We are good neighbors and partners, and firmly adhere to the Five Principles of Peace in handling international relations. At the same time, cultivating students' internationalism should also be an important task and content of Chinese studies education.
(two) return to the original intention and intention, not arbitrary play and speculation.
"I pay attention to the six classics, and the six classics pay attention to me" is a taboo in the teaching of Chinese studies. The teaching of Chinese studies often encounters the problem of interpretation and interpretation of China's ancient literature, and there are different opinions. There are many examples since ancient times. Therefore, it is necessary to return to the original intention, verify from many aspects, and seek answers from the author's overall thinking. For example, Confucius explained the "love" of the benevolent (The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan): When Fan Chi asked Confucius about "benevolence", Confucius briefly answered "love"; But in other places, Confucius also said that "love many people, but only relatives" ("The Analects of Confucius"), indicating that love is pitiful. In addition, it is said that "the benevolent loves others and can be wicked" ("The Analects of Confucius"), which shows that love has principles. In Zigong, he asked, "What about the villagers who are good at it?" Confucius said, "There is nothing I can do." "The villagers are all evil, so what?" Confucius said, "There is nothing I can do." And stressed: "Not as good as the villagers, the bad guys are evil." (The Analects of Confucius Lutz) Because Confucius criticized "good people" and "homesickness" as "thieves of virtue" (The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo). It can be seen that the Confucian theory of "love" has principles and differences, which is different from the Mohist theory of "universal love" Under the historical conditions at that time, the Confucian "love" was feasible, while the Mohist "universal love" was an ideal, which could not be fully realized. But all of them can be used for reference when we talk about love today. From the above examples, it shows that understanding the original text requires great efforts and cannot be arbitrarily assumed. You need to make a thorough study of the original text. The practice of "I note six meridians and six meridians note me" should be taken as a warning.
(C) should not disrupt the teaching plan of primary and secondary schools
The education of Chinese studies for primary and middle school students should be supplemented by the existing teaching plan. In addition to in-class education, more should be done after class or in early reading. Conditional schools can offer "school-based courses". In short, it is the icing on the cake, not the succession. Learning Chinese culture can't replace learning western learning, and learning literature can't compress academic theory, otherwise it won't pay off. It must be clear that mathematics, science, chemistry and biology learned in primary and secondary schools, especially junior high schools and senior high schools, are important foundations for future professional study. If you miss this time, it will be very difficult to make up the lessons later. This is an important foundation for cultivating an all-round modern person, so we should make overall arrangements for ancient and modern, arts and sciences, Chinese and foreign. In the education of Chinese studies in primary and secondary schools, attention should be paid to cultivating students' interest in learning and preventing students from increasing their burden.
(4) take the essence from the rough.
The classics of Chinese studies are the product of history, and their essence is universal; Since it is a product of history, some of them are bound to have historical limitations and even obvious class nature. Therefore, the teaching of Chinese studies must be selective and analytical, and theory should be combined with practice. For example, the "filial piety" mentioned by Confucius has a chapter "Parents are there, and there must be good deeds if you don't travel far" ("The Analects of Confucius"). "Don't travel far" can't be done today, but "swim well" is still feasible. Children are far away, so it is necessary to have a fixed and suitable place, and it is also necessary to contact more parents outside to express condolences. Confucius, the most sacred teacher, left us a very rich and precious historical heritage, but we can't ask every word of him to be a universal truth. As he said, "It's hard to support a woman, but if you are near, you will have no grandchildren, and if you are far away, you will have grievances" (The Analects of Yang Huo). Under the historical conditions at that time, or in a special background, it is understandable to say so, but it can't be applied today. Why argue about it?
(5) Properly handle the problems of reciting and speaking in poetry learning.
Among the professors of Chinese studies, there has been a long-standing problem about the relationship between the different uses of recitation and lectures. When Lenin criticized the shortcomings of the old school, he used eight words "rote memorization and forced discipline". This is indeed a shortcoming in the old school education. Children use their strong memory when they are "knowledgeable and healthy", and some things they have memorized can be remembered for a lifetime. Therefore, it is possible for children to recite some poems, and it is also possible to gradually deepen their understanding with the growth of age and rich knowledge and experience. However, we should try our best to make some explanations in combination with the actual situation of students to prevent the disadvantages of "rote learning" or "arrogant"