Spanish (Spanish: Espa? Ol) is short for Spanish and belongs to Indo-European-Roman-West Roman branch. According to the number of speakers of the first language, about 437 million people use it as their mother tongue, making it the second largest language in the world, second only to Chinese. The number of people who use Spanish accounts for 4.84% of the world population, and the total number of users of the first language and the second language is nearly 570 million. Among the seven continents, mainly Latin American countries (except Brazil, Belize, French Guiana, Haiti and other places). Spanish is spoken in Spain, the United States, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia, Ecuador and Uruguay (Espa? ol)； In other areas, Spanish is mainly called Castellano. Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations.

1. All nouns are divided into yin and yang.

2. Verbs need to change according to the person of the subject.

3. The pronunciation of Spanish letters is relatively simple.

Spanish inherits the characteristics of Latin in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar system. * * * has 24 phonemes, including five single vowels A, E, I, O and U and 19 consonants. B and V are pronounced the same, but H is not pronounced. In addition, there are a large number of binary vowels and ternary vowels. Stress is regular: for words ending in vowel N or S, stress falls on the penultimate syllable; For words ending in other consonants, the stress falls on the last syllable.

Pronunciation rule

1. Emphasize

1) For words ending in n, s or vowels, the stress is usually on the penultimate syllable, and there is no stress symbol.

2) Except for words ending in consonants other than N and S, the stress is on the last syllable, and there is no stress symbol.

3) For words other than the above two items, stress them. When the stress of some words changes, the meaning of words changes, so we should pay special attention to finding the correct stress position, such as mas (but) and más (more), papa (potato) and papá (pope).

4) No matter how many syllables a word has, its stress is generally only one.

5) When o is used with numerals, it must be stressed to distinguish it from 0 (zero, cero), such as 17ó 18( 17 or 18).

2. The division method of syllables

1) syllables of words are divided by vowels, such as pa-la-bras, which is very similar to English.

2)y can be regarded as a vowel letter when used alone or at the end of a word, and as a consonant letter when used at the end of a word or at the beginning of a syllable.

3) The following combinations are inseparable: ai, au, ei, eu, ia, ie, io, iu, oi, ou, ua, ue, ui, uo, iai, iei, uai, uei. If one of them is stressed, it will be divided by vowels. For example: pa-is, rí o.

4)ay, ey, oy, uy can only be distinguished if there is a vowel after it, but not if there is a consonant after it. Haya and Mui are two representative examples.

5) Consonant letters appearing in two vowels should be classified as the last syllable, but if they are ch, ll and rr, the two consonants are classified as the last syllable at the same time. If the other two consonants are together in the middle, they can be separated, that is, one comes before the other, which conforms to the syllable division rule of "two breakups" in English.

6) Preposition prefixes can separate syllables, such as des-gradable and pre-Colombiano；; But when there is a consonant such as S after the prefix, S is connected with the prefix. For example: abs-tener, cons-trucción n.

7) When two C's and N's are together, the treatment method is the same as English, and they must be separated. For example: ac-ceso.

3. Summary of Spanish pronunciation rules

1) pronunciation rules;

Pronunciation of "C": "C" is pronounced before vowels E and I [θ] and before vowels A, O and U [K];

Pronunciation of "G": when "G" forms syllables with vowels A, O and U, it is voiced by [g], when it forms syllables with vowels E and I, it is voiced by [x] (voiceless uvula behind the tongue), and when it forms syllables with vowels ue and ui, it is voiced by [g].

Pronunciation of "Q": "C" is pronounced [k] before vowels A, O and U, and "Q" is not pronounced before vowels ue and ui;

Pronunciation of "Z": Z is pronounced as [θ] before any vowel (southern Spain and South America are homophones of [θ] and [s]).

2) Pronunciation contrast

① Pronunciation of "B and V" and its comparison with "P";

(1) The words "b" and "v" begin with [b] after a pause (double-voiced consonants);

A good student.

Vamos (let's go) venga (please come) enviar (send) Unwaso (a cup)

(2) B and V pronounce [β] in the word group without stopping (the consonant that wipes the lips is equivalent to the "W" sound in Chinese Pinyin);

Such as: lobo (wolf) arriba (above) abrigo (coat) la boca (mouth, mouth)

Lavar (washing) leve (light) uva (grape) el valor (courage)

⑶ "b, v" are voiced consonants, and the vocal cords vibrate when pronounced; "P" is an unvoiced consonant, and the vocal cords do not vibrate when pronounced.

Such as: Bach (short)-Paga (straw) Bala (bullet)-Parra (shovel)

Ba ě o (toilet) -PANO (woolen cloth) basta (enough) -PASTA (pulp)

Bata (overalls)-Pata (duck) Besso (kiss)-peso (weight)

Vaso (glass) -Paso (steps) vista (view) -Pista (runway)

Vina (vine) -pi? Pineapple Palm (Flying)-Bipolar (Bipolar)

② the pronunciation of "C" and "Z" and the comparison of "S";

The "C" sound [θ] precedes vowels E and I; Vowels a, o and u are preceded by [k]; "Z" is pronounced [θ] before any vowel (southern Spain and South America are homophones of [θ] and [s]); "s" is pronounced [s] before any vowel.

Such as: Abrassart (hug)-Abrassart (burning) Casal (hunting)-Casal (marriage)

Xima (upper)-Xima (abyss) -POSO (well)-Poso (sediment)

Zueco (wooden slippers) -Sueco (Sweden)

③ Pronunciation of "C" and "Q" and comparison with "G"

(1) The sound "C" [k] precedes vowels A, O and U; Q comes before vowels ue and ui ("u" is silent); "C" appears alone in the word or sound [k].

Consonants are formed before consonants.

Such as: clase (class) cráneo (skeleton) lección (class) octavo (eighth);

⑵ "C" and "Q" are voiced consonants, and "G" is voiced consonants.

Such as callo -Gallo (rooster), cama (bed) -Gama (doe)

Kana (white hair)-Kingdom of Ghana (wish)-Kasa (house)-Gasa (gauze)

Casto (chastity) -gasto (expense) col (cabbage) -Gol (goal)

Coma (comma)-Goma (gum)

(3) Pronunciation of "G"

When G forms syllables with vowels A, O and U, it is voiced [g]; when G forms syllables with vowels E and I, it is voiced [x] (Chinese pinyin "H"); when G forms syllables with vowels ue and ui ("U" is silent), it is voiced [g].

I hope it can help you solve the problem.