1 What is hand hygiene?
Hand hygiene is a general term for medical staff to wash their hands, sanitary hand disinfection and surgical hand disinfection. On June 5438+00, 2005, WHO officially promulgated the Manual of Hand Hygiene (Draft) and the Manual of Hand Hygiene for Medical Staff, which were promulgated on April 1 2009 and implemented on February 1 2009 to strengthen the management of hand hygiene. 2. What is hand washing?
The process of medical staff washing their hands with soap and tap water to remove dirt, debris and some pathogenic bacteria.
3. What is sanitary hand disinfection?
Medical staff wiped their hands with quick-drying hand disinfectant to reduce the process of temporary growth of bacteria in their hands.
4. What is surgical hand disinfection?
Before the operation, the medical staff washed their hands with soap (soap solution) and running water, and then used hand disinfectant to remove or kill the temporary bacteria in their hands and reduce the permanent bacteria. The hand disinfectant used can have continuous antibacterial activity.
5. What are the common bacteria?
Microorganisms that can be separated from most human skin are persistent and inherent resident bacteria on the skin, which are not easy to be removed by mechanical friction. Such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, coryneform bacteria, propionibacterium, Acinetobacter, etc. Under normal circumstances, it is not pathogenic.
6. What are the temporary bacteria?
Microorganisms living on the skin surface can be easily removed by routine hand washing. It can be obtained by direct contact with patients or contaminated surfaces, and can also be transmitted by hand at any time, which is closely related to hospital infection.
7. What is a hand disinfectant?
Disinfectants used for hand skin disinfection to reduce hand skin bacteria, such as ethanol, isopropanol, chlorhexidine, iodophor, etc.
8. What is a quick-drying hand sanitizer?
Hand disinfectant containing alcohol and skin care ingredients. Include aqua, gel and foam.
9. What is a rinse-free hand disinfectant?
It is mainly used for disinfection of surgical hands without washing after disinfection. Include aqua, gel and foam.
10, what is hand hygiene facilities?
Hand washing and hand disinfection facilities, including sink, faucet, tap water, detergent, hand dryer, hand disinfectant, etc.
1 1, hand hygiene standard?
(1) Hygienic hand disinfection, the total number of colonies monitored should be ≤ 10cfu/cm2.
(2) When the surgical hand is disinfected, the total number of bacterial colonies monitored should be less than or equal to 5 cfu/cm2.
12. What are the five indications of hand hygiene?
(1) Before and after direct contact with patients, between different patients, and before and after contact with particularly susceptible patients when moving from contaminated parts of the same patient's body to clean parts;
(2) Before and after contact with the patient's mucosa, damaged skin or wound, after contact with the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta and wound dressing;
(3) Before and after wearing isolation gown, after taking off gloves;
(4) Before and after aseptic operation, before handling clean aseptic items and after handling contaminated items;
(5) When the hands of medical personnel have visible pollutants or are contaminated by patients' blood and body fluids.
13, what is the detection rate of hand pathogens?
It is the probability of detecting pathogenic bacteria from hand bacterial culture after hand washing by medical staff, which reflects the effect of hand washing by medical staff.
14, which departments need non-touch faucets? (Name only six)
Operating room, delivery room, catheter room, laminar flow clean ward, bone marrow transplant ward, organ transplant ward, intensive care unit, neonatal room, maternal and infant room, hemodialysis ward, burn ward, infectious diseases department, stomatology department, disinfection supply center and other key departments of hospital infection should be equipped with non-contact faucets.
15. What are the requirements for soap or soap for hand washing?
Soap should be kept clean and dry. The container for soap solution should be disposable, and the reusable container should be cleaned and disinfected every week. When the soap solution is turbid or discolored, it should be replaced in time, and the container should be cleaned and disinfected.
16. What is the dry hand method recommended by WHO?
Wipe your hands with a clean paper towel.
17, hand sanitizer should meet the requirements?
(1) shall comply with relevant state regulations.
(2) Disposable packaging should be used.
(3) The medical staff should have good acceptability to the hand disinfectant selected, and the hand disinfectant has no peculiar smell or irritation.
18. What are the number and requirements of hand sinks and faucets in the operating room?
Should be set according to the number of operating rooms, the number of faucets should be no less than the number of operating rooms, and the faucet switch should be non-touch.
19, what is the principle of hand washing and hand disinfection?
(1) Wash your hands with soap (soap solution) and running water when there is visible pollution such as blood or other body fluids.
(2) When there is no visible pollution on hands, hands should be disinfected with quick-drying hand disinfectant instead of washing hands. 20, under what circumstances, medical personnel should wash their hands or use quick-drying hand disinfectant?
(1) Before and after direct contact with each patient, when moving from a contaminated part of the same patient's body to a clean part.
(2) Before and after contact with the patient's mucosa, damaged skin or wound, after contact with the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta, wound dressing, etc.
(3) Before and after wearing isolation gown, after taking off gloves.
(4) Before aseptic operation and contact with clean aseptic items? .
(5) After contact with patients' surroundings and articles.
(6) Before handling drugs or catering.
2 1, under what circumstances should medical staff wash their hands first, and then disinfect their hands?
(1) After contact with blood, body fluids and secretions of patients and articles contaminated by infectious pathogenic microorganisms.
(2) After directly checking, treating, nursing or treating the sewage of patients with infectious diseases.
22, medical staff hand disinfection method?
(1) Apply a proper amount of quick-drying hand disinfectant to the palm;
(2) Wash hands carefully in strict accordance with the six-step washing method for at least 15 seconds;
(3) When scrubbing, ensure that the hand disinfectant completely covers the skin of the hand until the hand is dry.
23, surgical hand disinfection should follow the following principles:
(1) Wash your hands before disinfection.
(2) Between operations of different patients, when gloves are damaged or hands are contaminated, the operating hands should be disinfected again.
24, surgical hand disinfection method without washing:
Apply a proper amount of hand disinfectant without rinsing to all parts of hands, forearms and lower arms, and carefully knead until the disinfectant is dry.
25, hand hygiene management and basic requirements?
(1) Medical institutions shall formulate and implement a hand hygiene management system, equipped with effective and convenient hand hygiene facilities;
(2) Medical institutions should regularly conduct hand hygiene training for all staff, and medical staff should master hand hygiene knowledge and try to master hand hygiene methods to ensure the effect of hand washing and hand disinfection;
(3) Medical institutions should strengthen the guidance and supervision of medical staff's hand hygiene and improve the compliance of medical staff's hand hygiene.
26. What are the influencing factors of cross-transmission caused by contaminated hands?
Many studies have shown that contaminated hands can lead to cross-transmission. The factors that affect the cross-spread of microorganisms are:
Microbial type, infection source, host surface, humidity and inoculation amount.
27. Under what circumstances should medical personnel wash their hands first, and then carry out hand hygiene disinfection?
1, after contact with patients' blood, body fluids and secretions and articles contaminated by infectious pathogenic microorganisms.
2, directly for patients with infectious diseases after examination, treatment, nursing or infectious disease treatment.