With the development of society, enterprises and individuals have a growing demand for secretaries, and the requirements of the talent market for the quality and skills of secretaries are different from the traditional ones. Senior secretaries who meet the needs of modern enterprises have become the new favorite of sought-after occupations. The following is the basic knowledge and ability of a secretary that I have compiled for you. Welcome to refer to ~
The present situation of secretarial profession
(A) the social demand for secretarial staff. According to the statistical analysis of talent market information in recent years, the demand for secretaries in today's society can be roughly divided into the following four categories:
1. Service secretaries: such as office service personnel and life secretaries in corporate offices and grass-roots administrative institutions. Refers to the secretarial staff who provide services and help to leaders in life, usually specially equipped for higher-level leaders.
2. General Secretary: For example, office clerks, public relations clerks, file managers in enterprises and grass-roots administrative institutions, under the leadership of the office director, do a good job in daily administrative affairs and secretarial work. Timely handle the sending, receiving and expediting of superior documents; Do a good job in the recovery, repayment and destruction of documents; Do a good job in the collection, management and confidentiality of secretary files. Do a good job in all kinds of meeting minutes and meetings.
3. Clerical secretary: a professional secretary in charge of text drafting and word processing in enterprises and grass-roots administrative institutions. The secretary whose main job is to draft and process manuscripts is what people usually call the "pen" and "scholar" of an institution or unit. Responsible for the drafting, binding and delivery of various documents.
4. Management secretary: such as assistant general manager, office director, department manager and other secretaries with management ability in enterprises and institutions. Handle and manage the recruitment, training and education, performance appraisal, promotion, wages and benefits, various insurances, statistical reports and other specific affairs of the unit.
At present, our state-owned enterprises and institutions especially need high-level senior secretaries who meet the requirements of internationalization. Building a high-quality secretarial team has become an urgent requirement of the market and will also provide better employment prospects for secretarial professionals.
(2) Secretary's own quality analysis.
1. Lack of professional skills. This is the weakest performance of the Secretary at present. With the rapid development of information technology and the trend of office automation, many tasks of secretaries, such as traditional official document writing, document management and word processing, are gradually replaced by automated office systems, and at the same time, modern office efficiency is greatly improved. Although most secretaries have a high level of education, they are not trained in professional business knowledge, so their work efficiency is low when they first join the company. They can't finish the tasks assigned by the leaders in time with good quality and quantity, and they can't adapt to the fast pace of market economy.
2. Low innovation ability and awareness. The ability and consciousness of innovation is a test of the secretary's quality. At present, many secretaries lack innovative consciousness and ability, mainly in the following two aspects: First, it is difficult to break the traditional concept of sticking to the rules. Everything and work are done according to what the leaders say, and there is no independent style and personality. Inertia thinking ahead, excessive dependence. Secondly, the work lacks initiative. Adopt passive working methods in daily work, be satisfied with following the baton of leaders, and have no initiative and pioneering spirit. At present, enterprises and institutions emphasize that secretaries should have a sense of the times and innovation, be able to effectively put forward new ideas and viewpoints, be predictive and forward-looking, actively carry out their work and give full play to their subjective initiative.
3. Old knowledge and insufficient knowledge reserve.
With the advent of the information age, the traditional knowledge reserve can no longer meet the development and needs of the times, and knowledge renewal is imminent. At present, some secretaries are still confined to the traditional knowledge structure and are not good at accepting and learning new knowledge and integrating what they have learned. Some secretaries are busy with chores every day, so it is difficult to find time to study by themselves. Their knowledge cannot be updated, so they can only chew on old books. There are also some secretaries who rely on old secretaries for mentoring, so their knowledge and experience are bound to be limited, lacking comprehensive knowledge and ability of modern management.
4. Lack of "generalists" and "generalists". Nowadays, the comprehensive quality of secretaries is increasingly demanding. In addition to professional knowledge and skills, they also need industry knowledge and social knowledge, as well as high emotional intelligence and high IQ. Generalists and generalists are really hard to find.
The ability and knowledge that a secretary should possess.
(a) the secretary should have the ability.
1. General ability. Mainly refers to people's IQ, including people's insight, attention, memory, thinking, understanding and discrimination, communication skills and so on. The above abilities are the basis of other abilities. Modern secretaries should have keen insight and sensitive adaptability, be good at observing affairs and finding problems, so as to strengthen the initiative of assisting leaders and really play the role of staff assistants. Thinking ability is the core of people's intellectual activities. When a person loses his thinking ability, other abilities lose their meaning.
2. General ability. Modern secretaries should master four general abilities: expression ability, research ability, management ability and transaction ability. The primary function of a secretary is to use language carriers to communicate information and assist leadership activities. Therefore, the ability to express is the most critical. Expression ability includes oral expression ability and written expression ability. Modern secretaries should be good at both writing and writing, accurate, concise and reasonable. Secretary's research ability includes two aspects: investigation ability and research ability, and the strength of secretary's research ability directly affects the role of secretary's staff assistant. The secretary's management ability includes three aspects: auxiliary planning ability, organization and implementation ability and communication and coordination ability. Modern secretaries must have strong management ability to assist the management activities of leaders and provide comprehensive and advanced intelligent services for leadership activities. The transactional work with wide scope, many contents and many clues requires the secretarial staff to have strong adaptability and flexibility; Be familiar with the channels and procedures of handling affairs, and handle affairs timely, accurately and properly. At the same time, we should also have strong interpersonal skills and be good at creating a good interpersonal environment and improving work efficiency by establishing good interpersonal relationships.
3. Professional skills. As a modern secretary, you must have strong professional skills, such as language communication skills, foreign language listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, computer operation skills, shorthand skills and so on. An important task of secretaries is to write articles and engage in the drafting and revision of a large number of manuscripts, which requires modern secretaries to have solid writing skills, be proficient in grammar, rhetoric, format and logic, master certain writing rules, and achieve the unity of content and form, with both good expression forms and substantial content. Therefore, the secretary must strengthen the writing training, master the characteristics, writing requirements and language expression skills of all kinds of practical writing, pay attention to accumulating information at any time at ordinary times, constantly improve the writing level and cultivate accurate writing expression ability. After China's entry into WTO, China's foreign trade exports have occupied a considerable proportion in the total trade of many enterprises, and foreign languages are used more or less in foreign trade, which objectively requires modern secretaries to have strong foreign language skills. Computer operation ability is another basic ability requirement that a modern secretary should have. Secretaries should be familiar with the use of office software and computer networks, and also be proficient in the use of common office equipment. Shorthand is an input ability that has been put on the agenda in recent years. When the leader makes an oral statement, the secretary should record it in the work notebook or computer as quickly as possible, thus greatly reducing working hours and improving work efficiency.
4. innovative ability. A secretary should also have certain innovation ability. Secretary's innovative ability refers to the secretary's ability to understand the leader's intention, give full play to his subjective initiative and creatively provide the best service for the leader. In the era of knowledge economy, all kinds of information are changing rapidly, which requires secretaries to be brave in exploration, reform and innovation in practical work. The so-called innovation means having new ideas, new contents and new methods in work content and working methods.
To achieve this, secretaries must attach importance to their continuing education and the cultivation of comprehensive ability, encourage themselves to increase their theoretical knowledge and practical ability as soon as possible, and make great efforts in ideological concepts, behavioral tendencies, knowledge structure, knowledge stock and application ability to meet the requirements of the knowledge economy era for talents.
(2) The knowledge that a secretary should possess.
1. Basic knowledge. Basic knowledge is the key to the knowledge structure of secretaries. All other knowledge can not be separated from the foundation of basic knowledge, otherwise it is "water without a source, wood without a root". The basic knowledge that a secretary should have can be divided into two categories: on the one hand, social science knowledge, which is equivalent to high school level knowledge of Chinese, politics, history, geography and so on; On the other hand, it is natural science knowledge, that is, physics, chemistry, mathematics and biology knowledge. In addition, we should know a little about economy, law and science and technology, and be proficient in a foreign language.
2. Professional knowledge. The professional knowledge of a secretary can be divided into two parts, the first part is the basic knowledge of a secretary, and the second part is the professional knowledge of a secretary. Trade knowledge refers to another part of the secretary's professional knowledge, that is, the trade knowledge of the secretary industry. This is the core part of the secretary's knowledge structure. Generally speaking, industry knowledge refers to the industry knowledge that a secretary must have in the industry, which is the "second professional knowledge" for a secretary. In the study of secretarial science, people pay more and more attention to the importance of second professional knowledge. In foreign countries, secretarial occupations have been classified according to the second major, such as legal secretary, business secretary, foreign secretary, technical secretary, medical secretary and so on.
3. Expand your knowledge. Secretaries should not only know and be familiar with professional knowledge and some basic knowledge in life, but also master some relevant marginal knowledge in order to expand their better work. Such as psychology, etiquette, public relations, business management and so on. Expanding your knowledge can make you more handy in your work. Modern secretaries should be not only professionals, but also generalists and generalists.
Expanding reading: the cultivation of secretary's professional ability
First, the concept of professional competence structure
In the research project "National Skills Revitalization Strategy" of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, according to the law of occupational classification, people's abilities are divided into three levels: occupational specific abilities, industrial general abilities and core abilities. Occupation-specific ability refers to the job-specific ability that is unique to each occupation, directly used in the work process and only applicable to that occupation; The general ability of industry is the general basic ability that professional workers need to support the specific ability of technology and specialty in a large industry in general professional activities, which is suitable for different occupations or positions in a large industry; Core competence is the most basic ability to engage in professional activities in various industries and has universal characteristics.
As a general basic ability applicable to all industries and jobs, professional core competence can be divided into three parts: basic core competence, expanding core competence and extending core competence. The basic core competence can roughly include: professional communication ability, teamwork ability and self-management ability; Expanding core competence includes: problem-solving ability, information processing ability, innovation and entrepreneurship ability, etc. The specific contents of extending core competence include: leadership, execution, individual and team management ability, etiquette quality, five permanent management ability, psychological balance and so on.
Second, the structural requirements of the secretary's professional ability
What aspects should a secretary's professional ability include? This is a question that secretary vocational educators and related experts and scholars have been discussing. It is common to divide the secretary's professional ability into three levels: professional ability, method ability and social ability. Some scholars also divide the professional ability of secretaries into two levels: basic ability and comprehensive ability. There are also some scholars who summarize the secretary's professional ability as a whole into five aspects: diversification ability, organization ability, communication ability, ability to acquire new knowledge and teamwork ability. In other words, from the demand of secretary position, it is considered that a secretary should have six abilities: understanding and judgment, communication, organization and coordination, information collection and selection, oral and written expression, operation and processing.
From the perspective of secretary vocational education, in order to implement the cultivation of secretary professional ability in the design of specific secretary professional curriculum system, it is of great significance to divide the secretary professional ability in layers-the division of ability structure has corresponding guiding value for the curriculum system structure. From this point of view, the research topic of national skills revitalization strategy can be divided into three levels: professional specific ability, industry general ability and core ability.
(A) the secretary's professional core competence. The core competence of the secretarial profession is not aimed at the secretarial profession itself, but covers all professions, including: communication ability, teamwork ability, learning ability, understanding and judgment ability, foreign language application ability, information processing ability, organization and coordination ability and decision-making ability.
(2) the general ability of the secretary. The secretarial profession is different from other occupations, lacking a clear industry background, or a cross-industry common position. In different industries, secretarial work involves the general ability of the industry. But as far as secretarial vocational education is concerned, it is impossible to take care of all industries. Although we can choose related industries as the background direction of secretarial vocational education, it is difficult to really cultivate the general ability of the industry. Therefore, the general ability of secretarial profession should focus on the general ability of secretarial posts in different industries, including several aspects: research ability, time management ability, operation and processing ability, service ability and enterprise management ability.
(3) The secretary's specific professional ability. As for the special abilities of the secretary profession, the specific abilities of the profession include the following aspects: the ability to write documents, the ability to organize and manage meetings, the ability to plan and execute activities, the ability to handle office affairs, the ability to manage documents and files, and the ability to operate office software.
Third, the structural problems of secretary's professional ability training
At present, the current situation of secretary vocational education is mainly based on the study of professional skills, emphasizing the cultivation of professional specific abilities, and professional core competence has begun to be valued. However, the research and practice of general ability in the industry is still relatively weak, and there is a structural imbalance in the cultivation of secretary's professional ability.
(A) the secretary's professional ability training focuses on the specific professional ability. At present, vocational education generally implements the double certificate system. In the process of curriculum system construction and teaching implementation, the secretary major in vocational colleges generally refers to the National Professional Standards for Secretaries formulated by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Professional Standards for Secretaries in China formulated by the Secretary Committee of China Higher Education Society. It can be seen from the contents of the last national professional standard and secretary professional appraisal that although the standard embodies core competence and general competence, it is basically in a secondary position in the assessment.
(B) The cultivation of professional core competence needs to be strengthened. Among the core competencies of secretarial profession, the cultivation of communication ability and communicative competence is paid attention to in general vocational education. In addition to offering communication courses, it is also reflected in the teaching process of public courses and professional courses through group activities, summaries and reports. Although the cultivation of information processing ability and teamwork ability can be reflected in the teaching design such as classroom teaching and group training tasks, due to the lack of real working situation, it is often a mere formality and cannot achieve the expected results. In the aspect of learning ability training, it is often influenced by the learning environment and atmosphere of vocational education schools and teachers' lack of learning ability training methods, which is difficult to implement; The cultivation of organization and coordination ability and decision-making ability is mostly in a state of laissez-faire, relying entirely on the support of student associations and student activities. Only a few active students can get exercise and lack purposeful education and training. Although the cultivation of foreign language application ability is guaranteed by teaching hours, it deviates from the application function aimed at taking exams; As for understanding and judgment, there is no targeted training at all.
(C) the secretary's general professional ability training is weak. Because the current vocational education is still in a semi-closed education, students' social participation is not high, and the cultivation of research ability, time management ability, operation service ability and enterprise management ability lacks the necessary implementation conditions. Although vocational colleges have been committed to school-enterprise cooperation, the quality, depth and breadth of cooperation are uneven, especially for secretaries, which makes the cultivation of secretary's professional general ability in a blank state.
Four, the secretary's professional ability training countermeasures
In view of the problems existing in the cultivation of secretary's professional ability structure, vocational education colleges should carry out the reform and practice of the cultivation of secretary's professional ability from the aspects of curriculum system construction, teaching mode design, evaluation system reform and practical conditions construction, so as to realize the balanced cultivation of secretary's professional ability.
(A) the construction of vocational ability structure module curriculum system
1. Training objectives: According to the social needs of secretaries and the changes of professional post requirements at different levels, combined with the professional ability requirements at three levels: professional specific ability, general ability and core ability, the training objectives and specifications of secretaries in higher vocational colleges are analyzed and formulated.
2. Curriculum structure: integrate industry standards, enterprise standards and national professional qualification standards, optimize the curriculum structure on the basis of the analysis of secretary's professional ability structure, and build a structured and clearly defined curriculum system covering professional special ability, general ability and core ability.
3. Curriculum development: According to industry standards and enterprise standards, referring to the secretary's professional qualification standards, the three-level professional ability requirements are decomposed into several professional ability modules, and targeted ability training courses are developed based on the ability modules.
(2) The design of work process-oriented teaching mode.
In terms of course teaching, the course teaching mode is designed around the training goal of the secretary's professional ability module, with the ability demand in the secretary's work as the core and the students' active learning style as the main body.
1. Selection of teaching content: According to the division of the secretary's professional competence module, the training objective of the course's professional competence is determined as three levels: the specific secretary's professional competence, the general competence and the core competence, and the teaching content is selected around the training objective.
2. Teaching method design: Combining with the typical tasks of secretarial work, planning the project tasks, taking the project as the center, and adopting various behavior-oriented teaching methods such as case teaching method, project teaching method, simulation teaching method, guided grammar or role-playing method to design teaching links, so that students can master the ability training in the process of secretarial professional work in autonomous learning.
(3) The construction of vocational ability evaluation system.
In the aspect of evaluation system, we can learn from the evaluation mechanism and method of secretary's professional qualification certificate and establish a multi-level evaluation system of professional ability.
1. Vocational ability module evaluation system: with the vocational ability training goal of the course as the core, the individual vocational ability is evaluated to examine the abilities of the corresponding modules in the students' vocational ability structure. This kind of assessment can be used as an assessment of students' academic performance in the corresponding courses.
2. Comprehensive evaluation system of vocational ability: According to the requirements of three levels of vocational ability structure training, design comprehensive evaluation of vocational ability. It can be divided into two levels: one is the comprehensive evaluation of annual vocational ability training; The second is the comprehensive evaluation of graduates' professional ability. Both of them can choose the way of sampling examination, the former can be conducted every year, and the latter can be conducted in the year of graduation.
Through the construction of the evaluation system of vocational ability training, the goal of vocational ability training can be concrete and clear. Through the analysis of the evaluation results, we can accurately understand the quality of students' professional ability training and promote the reform of teaching content and methods.
(4) Training and internship.
Practical practice is the stage of students' ability transformation from learning state to working state. The effect of practical training is not only a stage of cultivating students' professional ability, but also a review of professional teaching effect.
1. training link: the training link can be divided into on-campus training and off-campus training. On-campus training mainly relies on the on-campus training room, focusing on completing the training of corresponding professional skills; Off-campus training focuses on the construction of off-campus inquiry base, focusing on the observation, study and training of secretarial major and the understanding of secretarial position in the enterprise state, so as to ensure that students can exercise their professional skills in the real environment.
2. Internship: Internship can also be divided into two parts: on-campus internship and enterprise internship. In-school practice can rely on secretarial major to establish secretarial office, or the relevant administrative departments of the school, and adopt flexible methods. The secretarial office can imitate the form of a foreign student company or a simulation company. It is an economic entity providing secretarial services, an extension of classroom teaching and a training place for secretaries. This is a fruitful attempt in individual higher vocational colleges. At present, colleges and universities have clear regulations on enterprise internship, so I won't discuss it here.
The design of practical training links aims to create more simulated and practical working environments for students inside and outside the school, so that students can master the laws and methods of enterprise production and operation, feel the enterprise culture, make up for the lack of study at school, and complete the cultivation of professional special abilities, especially the general and core abilities of occupations, so as to meet the needs of future practical work and future career development.
In a word, the cultivation of secretary's professional ability must change the mode of mixed cultivation of knowledge and skills, make clear the structural requirements of secretary's professional ability, and carry out reform and construction in training objectives, teaching mode and assessment system according to the structural requirements of secretary's professional ability. Taking the comprehensive training of professional ability as the core of secretary vocational education and teaching, taking the modular training of professional ability as the basis and the practical training as the expansion, the training of professional specific ability, professional general ability and professional core ability is integrated into a whole.
Expanding reading: the responsibility of administrative secretary
1. Responsible for the writing and proofreading of general administrative official documents, administrative activities, meetings and other related documents, and drafting the speech documents of administrative leaders;
2. Assist superior leaders to handle meeting affairs and prepare and draft minutes of administrative meetings;
3. Responsible for supervising the implementation of various administrative work and reporting the situation to the superior leaders in time;
4. Responsible for receiving visiting guests or units;
5. Be responsible for sorting and filing administrative related documents;
6. Responsible for communication and coordination between departments.
Ability of administrative secretary
1. Good writing skills, able to draft various administrative documents;
2. Have knowledge and experience in enterprise administration and document management;
3. Have knowledge of public relations etiquette, and be able to assist leaders to arrange meetings and guest reception reasonably;
4. Strong communication and coordination skills;
5. Good planning and execution skills;
6. Work hard and be proactive.
Qualification of administrative secretary
1. College degree or above in secretarial or Chinese related major;
2. Have at least 1 year relevant work experience, and have relevant work experience in file management and official document writing;
3. Have relevant knowledge and ability in administrative management and secretarial work;
4. Have good communication and coordination skills;
5. Have a high degree of work enthusiasm and be serious and responsible.
Career development of administrative secretaries
Administrative secretary belongs to the role of secretary and back office, and can be developed into administrative assistant and administrative manager. Professional knowledge of administration and secretarial work, certain management experience, frequent contact between secretaries and leaders, excellent work can be appreciated by leaders, which is very beneficial to the development of administrative secretaries.
Administrative secretarial income
The income of administrative secretaries is generally not high, with a monthly income of 2,000-6,000 yuan and little work experience. The income of a new administrative secretary is generally below 3000 yuan. If you want to increase your income, you need to constantly improve your working ability and accumulate experience, and develop in the direction of administrative assistants and administrative managers. People who are interested in this position can apply for a job in Haoheadhunting.com, which is very helpful for the promotion of the position and the increase of income.
Ways to improve the writing ability of office secretaries' official documents
The first step is to accept the task of drafting
This is the starting point of official document writing. At this step, several issues must be clarified. What is the nature of the task explained by the leaders? What is the purpose of official document writing? What are the writing requirements? What is the point of the official document? The key to this step is to be good at trying to figure out the intention of the leader. Because official document writing is a kind of suggestive writing, as long as the leaders' intentions are thoroughly understood and fully expressed, the materials are basically successful. The way to figure out the leadership intention is to listen, remember and digest. Listening is to listen attentively to the intention of the leader when accepting the task; Recording is to write down what the leader said as truthfully as possible for reference when writing; Digestion is to fully understand the problems and opinions put forward by leaders on the basis of listening and recording. It needs to be understood from the overall situation, because the tasks entrusted by the leaders cannot be very detailed and comprehensive, and most of them are essentials; We should also refer to the usual thinking of leaders to understand. Under normal circumstances, the questions raised by leaders are all conclusions drawn through long-term practice and thinking.
The second step is to collect materials extensively.
This is the basis of official document writing. Without materials, just like "a clever woman can't cook without rice", it is even more difficult to write official documents. First, we should consider the requirements of expressing the theme and collect true, accurate, fresh and typical materials that can reflect the essential characteristics of things around the theme. The second is to clarify the ways and methods of material collection. Can be collected from the existing information, such as the basic situation of the unit, key tasks, etc. , understand the relevant situation; You can also go deep into the front line of work, collect first-hand "on-site" information, and reflect the dynamic information at work; It can also be collected from national policies and regulations to find a more authoritative basis for writing official documents.
The third step is to draft a writing plan.
This is the key to the success of official document writing, which aims to determine the theme of an official document, the order of expression and the connection and cooperation between the contents of various departments.
The determination of the theme idea is based on "what problem to solve", refining the theme with "what information to convey" and establishing the theme with "audience demand psychology" as the guide. Specifically, it includes five aspects: First, what should leaders say? 2. What does the document drafting department want the leaders to say? That is, the relevant departments hope to convey the work signal through the leadership speech. Third, what does the audience want to hear? The audience often has specific expectations for the leader's speech, or answers questions, or affirms praise, or clarifies opinions. Fourth, what does the leader himself want to say? Every leader's speech has a consistent idea, style, recent focus and emphasis. Fifth, what does the superior want the leader to say? Every job should be carried out according to the deployment and requirements of superiors, and the requirements of superiors need to be scientifically conveyed in the speech.
The order of expression is an important manifestation of the rationality of official document layout: first, it is good at outlining, constructing an outline according to the theme of official documents, drawing up a framework, and repeating the rationality of basic layout structure. Second, he is good at induction and integration. On the basis of grasping the overall structure of official documents, he scientifically and reasonably divided the levels of articles according to the importance of demands, so that followers could basically judge the logic of writing by the titles.
The cohesion and coordination between the contents of various departments are achieved through the balance of materials, proper turning and smooth transition, which ensures the close cohesion of all levels and reduces the abrupt and blunt feeling of the article.
The fourth step is to formally draft the manuscript.
This is the core of official document writing. In the process of drafting the manuscript, we should grasp the following links:
Deep processing. After screening, the text of the official document is initially constructed. Through the combination, classification and filling of information modules, the qualitative change of official documents from bone to flesh is realized.
Focus on examples. Official document writing should be based on facts, and writing skills can learn from the brushwork of "speaking with facts". If there is no "dry goods" involving the truth in the whole article, the whole article will become a pile of big talk, empty talk and rhetoric, which will make readers bored and listeners bored. Writing materials should not only look up at the sky, but also look down-to-earth, such as summary official documents. Through the direct introduction of a large number of examples, the persuasiveness of the article can be enhanced. Here, we should pay special attention to the typicality and authenticity of the case, and improper case citation will often have the opposite effect.
Make good use of numbers. Appropriate selection of various data can improve the information content and service level of official documents. We should pay attention to two points in the selection of figures: first, we should make use of the authority of data, and the data collected by informal channels should be verified by authoritative organizations before use; The second is the accuracy of data, and the important data should be based on the statistical caliber of professional departments.
Do a good job in consulting. When the contents of official documents involve the responsibilities of other departments, they should take the initiative to negotiate and reach an agreement before they can be written abroad; If there are differences, it is necessary to strengthen coordination until * * * knows, so as to avoid the government going out of line in many ways.
Emphasize sublimation. General materials only seek stability, and excellent materials need innovation and show their characteristics. To achieve the leap from "average" to "excellent" and from "tangible without spirit" to "both form and spirit", we must first find the bright spots in the routine, effectively extract the bright spots and outstanding achievements of the work, and shock people with real content; Second, we should see the true knowledge in a simple place, divergent thinking, sublimate thinking, see the big from the small and integrate the true knowledge into the material; Third, the style of writing should be novel, and efforts should be made to choose words and sentences, and attention should be paid to the vividness and readability of the language. For example, sentences such as parallelism and antithesis should be properly used to enhance the momentum and rhythm of the article, or some established classical languages should be borrowed to enhance the elegance and beauty of official documents.
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