How to care for newborn babies?
1, psychological adjustment
Newborns have senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch and muscle tension. When they are uncomfortable, they often communicate with the outside world by crying to attract their parents' attention. Therefore, parents should treat the newborn as an obedient child, talk to him more, play with him, and give him all kinds of sensory stimulation, such as kissing and touching, so that he can feel safe and satisfied, which will help the healthy development of the child's body and mind.
2. Room ventilation
The bedroom should be a room facing south and facing the sun. In winter, the room temperature should be kept at about 15℃, and the doors and windows should be opened frequently for ventilation to avoid too many people coming in and out and keep the bedroom clean and hygienic.
3. Strengthen nursing care
Newborn appliances should be special, clothes and diapers should be soft, absorbent and breathable light-colored pure cotton cloth, washed frequently, changed frequently and dried in the sun. Take a bath and change clothes every day to keep your skin clean and comfortable. Don't burn your back with the bath water temperature, generally 40℃-45℃, and the ambient temperature is 22℃. Keep the umbilical cord clean and dry, and disinfect the umbilical cord stump with 2% iodine tincture after each bath until the umbilical cord falls off and dries without exudation.
The navel should not be painted with powder. To avoid infection caused by foreign body stimulation. Rinse the buttocks with clear water after each defecation, and blot with gauze to keep the local area clean and dry. Diapers should be laid flat to prevent red buttocks. If there is red buttocks, you can wipe it with 5% tannic acid ointment. Keep the ear canal and behind the ear clean to prevent tears from flowing into the ear canal through vomiting and causing otitis media. Purulent secretions are sometimes seen in the eyes of newborns, which are caused by bacterial infection in the birth canal. Antibiotic eye drops with little irritation can be used for external use, 2-3 times a day, 1-2 drops each time. Newborns' oral mucosa is delicate and vulnerable to injury and infection, so it is not suitable to scrub their oral cavity.
4. Breastfeeding
Breast milk is economical and convenient, nutrients are easily absorbed by newborns, and it is rich in antibodies, which can also enhance the feelings between mother and baby, so breast feeding is better. Before each feeding, the nipple should be cleaned and fed alternately from left to right to facilitate milk secretion. After breast-feeding, the baby should be picked up vertically and patted on the back to expel the inhaled air and prevent vomiting.
Advocate breastfeeding on demand. If the child is hungry and crying, he should also breastfeed, and the interval between breastfeeding should not exceed 3 hours. When there is slow weight gain and decreased urine output, insufficient breastfeeding should be considered. While adding milk, we should still insist on breastfeeding. When breast-feeding mothers are unable to breastfeed due to illness, breast-feeding with milk can be considered. According to the baby's digestive ability and weight, 3∶ 1 or 4∶ 1 milk can be prepared, and full-fat milk can be fed after the full moon.
Step 5 keep warm at the right time
Newborn clothes should be loose and soft, with good warmth, and should not be worn too much or wrapped too tightly. You can't sleep with a quilt. Keep warm when bathing, changing clothes, changing diapers and feeding to prevent colds.
Home care for newborns needs not only care and patience, but also science. Improper nursing will lead to the occurrence of neonatal diseases, thus endangering the physical and mental health and quality of life of infants. Newborns who have other abnormal conditions should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time to avoid accidents.
Feeding methods of newborns
1, breastfeeding
Breast milk is the most precious gift a mother gives her baby. How to let the baby eat the best quality breast milk? This requires mothers to master the correct posture and steps when breastfeeding, and also pay attention to some dietary secrets and taboos during lactation. For the sake of the baby's health, lactating mothers should pay more attention to their own health.
2. Artificial feeding
Artificial feeding means that when a mother can't feed her baby for various reasons, she can choose animal milk such as milk and goat milk, or other milk substitutes to feed her baby. Artificial feeding needs to be appropriate, otherwise it is not conducive to infant development.
3. Mixed feed
Mixed feeding is to supplement the baby with other milk or milk substitutes to make the baby full and maintain its normal growth and development when it is determined that the breast milk is insufficient. Although mixed feeding is not as good as breastfeeding, it can ensure that the mother's breasts are stimulated by the baby's sucking on time to a certain extent, thus maintaining the normal secretion of milk. Baby can eat breast milk 2-3 times a day, which is still beneficial to baby's health.