Drugs are a global disaster and the enemy of all mankind. At present, the increasingly serious drug tide in the world not only seriously endangers human health and corrupts social atmosphere, but also directly leads to and induces various crimes, threatening global political stability and economic development. It has become the common aspiration of people all over the world to contain, reduce and eventually eliminate drug crimes, and combating drug crimes has become a severe task faced by judicial organs all over the world. In the process of detoxification, we found that many drug addicts were tricked into taking drugs because they didn't understand drugs, and some abused drugs for the purpose of "treating diseases", and as a result, they became addicted to drugs and could not extricate themselves! In order to educate teenagers, so as to achieve the purpose of understanding drug knowledge, detoxification and anti-drug, our hospital's drug rehabilitation center has formulated this manual, aiming at strengthening anti-drug publicity and education and raising the awareness of the whole people, hoping to play a certain role in controlling the spread of drug abuse.

I. Overview of drugs

Drugs refer to opium, heroin, morphine, marijuana, cocaine and other narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs that can make people addicted. They have the same characteristics as divination: (65,438+0) there is an irresistible force to force smokers to keep using the drug and get it by hook or by crook; (2) there is a tendency to increase the dosage for continuous use; (3) there is a tendency to increase the dosage for the drug.

Second, susceptible population and environment.

Theoretically, under certain circumstances and conditions, anyone can become a drug addict. However, in real life, some people are more likely to get addicted to drugs and are considered easy to abuse drugs. There are still some people, although all conditions are the same, but the possibility of taking drugs is very small, and they are also considered as non-drug users. Of course, so the susceptible population is relative, and it must be sensitive in a certain environment and in the presence of drugs. Common susceptible groups are as follows.

(1) People who have bad personality and behavior since childhood.

People with bad personality have the following manifestations: they don't abide by social customs, lack self-esteem and depressive experience, are easily controlled by the external environment, can't stand setbacks, have poor social benefits, and lack patience and desire to learn; Alienation from family, mental pain, ignoring rules and regulations, seeking sensory stimulation; In his early years, he had the habit of drinking and smoking, playing truant and lying, pursuing independence and freedom, lacking interest in achievements and goals, being critical of society, deviant in behavior, and having closer relations with his peers than his parents. Behavioral problems are reinforced by partners.

(2) Teenagers

Teenagers who are inexperienced and lack the ability to distinguish right from wrong are more likely to be deceived, especially those who have poor family education, decadent outlook on life, strong vanity, love ostentation and extravagance, emotional instability, stubbornness and irritability, try to be brave, and lack understanding of the dangers of drug abuse, and are more likely to be driven into the drug abuse industry by incentives.

(3) Self-employed

With the development of reform and opening up, some self-employed people have become rich. They have money, food, drink and play, but they lack some excitement. Besides, although they are rich, they also have a lot of troubles and pains. In order to pursue excitement and eliminate troubles, they go to the abyss of poison. Some relatives of self-employed individuals have been in an environment of drug abuse for a long time, and they will also participate in drug abuse if they are not infected well. It is worth noting that in order to make huge profits, some drug dealers pursue these "rich old people" and use various tricks to trick these "money bosses" into taking drugs, which is one of the reasons why self-employed people take drugs more.

(4) Some professionals

Generally speaking, the proportion of professionals taking drugs is not high, and it is difficult for them to pay for expensive drugs because of their actual income. However, in some special occupations, such as car drivers, buyers, etc., there are many people who often contact the outside world, and they are more likely to come into contact with drugs. Moreover, because they leave their families and units and lack constraints, they will be infected whenever they have the opportunity. The easy-to-dye environment is as follows:

Make bad friends

(2) The family is rich

(3) In areas where drugs are rampant.

Third, the harm of drug abuse.

Drug abuse affects the creation and accumulation of social and economic wealth. According to the latest figures released by the United Nations Narcotics Control Board, there are more than 50 million drug addicts in the world. Hundreds of thousands of drug addicts die of drugs every year. The global drug trade volume is about $800-10 billion, and countries with serious drug abuse problems have to allocate huge funds for the prevention and treatment of drug abuse and related problems; At the same time, due to long-term drug abuse, the working ability of drug addicts is reduced, or the labor force is completely lost, which affects the creation of social wealth and brings huge economic losses to the country and society.

Drug abuse and crime are twin brothers. Drug abuse has led to an increase in social crimes. On the one hand, drug addicts cannot get rid of the torture of drug addiction. In order to satisfy drug addiction, they take risks and engage in criminal activities such as theft, corruption, prostitution and even murder. On the other hand, the crazy revenge, intimidation, assassination and other activities of drug traffickers seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property and disrupt social order.

Drug abuse harms my health, causing public health problems such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, the most serious of which is the infection and spread of AIDS. AIDS is one of the most malignant diseases that endanger human health at present, and it is called "super cancer". Its pathogen is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). People infected with HIV will develop AIDS after a period of incubation. Aids patients usually die of serious infection or malignant tumor caused by severe immune function impairment, and the mortality rate is high. According to the survey, the main mode of HIV infection in China is drug abuse (intravenous injection) to spread the epidemic. The person in charge of Yunnan AIDS Monitoring Center pointed out: "At present, the infection rate of intravenous drug users among overseas drug users is 23%, while the infection rate of AIDS among drug users in the hardest-hit border areas in China is as high as 68% ..." For example, 1989, a local epidemic of AIDS in Dehong, Yunnan Province, is a typical example. 146 drug users were infected with HIV by injecting drugs with contaminated needles.

Fourth, the characteristics of drug addiction

According to Article 8 of the Decision on Drug Control, drug abuse is generally divided into two types: drug abuse and addiction. As long as the actor's behavior has the following three characteristics, it can be identified as drug abuse. Drug addiction generally has three main characteristics: 1. Drug resistance. That is to say, the effect of the same drug decreases after continuous use, and it is necessary to increase the dose to obtain the same or similar effect as before; 2. Physical dependence. That is to say, the physiological changes caused by taking a certain drug for a certain period of time need to continue taking this drug to maintain the physical requirements. 3。 Psychological dependence. In other words, it is generally a habit for someone to need some medicine mentally. From the actual situation, the symptoms of all drug addicts are generally weak, sallow, listless and listless. Once the drug addiction attacks, some people cry and talk, stamping their chests: some people can't stand up and cough up blood; Some collide and eat the soil on the wall; Some rolled around and cried. All kinds of ugliness, to name a few. Although drug addicts take drugs, they do not become addicted and cannot be identified as drug addicts. Only by having these two points at the same time can we deal with the perpetrator in accordance with the provisions of drug addiction.

5. Brief introduction of methadone substitution reduction method for drug rehabilitation

Methadone is a synthetic narcotic analgesic with pharmacological effects similar to morphine. Can control the withdrawal symptoms of opioid drugs. It is completely absorbed after oral administration, and 85% of it is combined with plasma protein, mainly distributed in lung, kidney and spleen. Its bioavailability is 90%. After gastrointestinal administration for 3 hours, the peak plasma concentration can be maintained for 2-6 hours, and the half-life is 15 hours. It can effectively inhibit symptoms for 24-32 hours after oral administration. The therapeutic blood concentration of methadone is 0.48-0.86 mg/L, the toxic blood concentration is 2 mg/L, and the dead blood concentration is 4 mg/L.. Methadone is mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted by urine and feces. Methadone substitution decreasing method is suitable for detoxification treatment of various China opioids, especially for heroin addicts and morphine, demerol and dihydroetorphine addicts. Its medication principle is: single medication, daily reduction first fast and then slow, only reduction without adding, drug withdrawal should be decisive.

Sixth, the analysis of the causes of recurrence.

(A) acute detoxification treatment is not thorough

Some patients were discharged after several days of acute detoxification treatment, but they were not completely detoxified; Some are treated at home, the methods are not standardized and lack of strict control, which leads to ineffective treatment. This is naturally easy to relapse.

(2) Mental dependence

The patient was addicted to drugs all day, but he was able to restrain himself at first. If they are in a favorable environment, coupled with strong perseverance, they will continue to restrain themselves. After a long time, their drug addiction will gradually fade away and finally disappear, which is the complete detoxification. If you are in an unfavorable environment, or your perseverance is not strong enough to resist the temptation of drugs, you will become an addict again.

(C) the pressure of old friends and the influence of the old environment

After acute detoxification, patients return to their old friends or drug dealers and are tempted or pressured by them: when they see the drug tools they have used, the place where they take drugs will become a hint, which will make them feel touched by the scene, stimulate patients to think of drugs and the pleasure they get from drugs, thus forcing them to take drugs again.

Mental stimulation

After drug treatment, patients, like ordinary people, will still suffer from various setbacks and blows, as well as other mental stimuli: family problems, work problems, economic problems and so on. Because of their poor stability, these things are more likely to cause emotional instability, upset, pessimism, depression and lack of self-confidence. Under such circumstances, repeated drug use is also very likely.

(E) Misunderstanding

Some lame people think like this after they quit addiction: "It's been a long time since I quit addiction. After smoking again, I will make up my mind to say goodbye to drugs. Just this once, you won't be addicted as soon as you get rid of it. I will completely control myself from smoking. " As a result, the next resolution is sucked once, the next resolution is sucked again, and the cycle is repeated, so it is endlessly sucked over and over again.