Earthwork blasting refers to a construction method widely used in the construction of roads, bridges, mines, tunnels, water conservancy and hydropower, site leveling, foundation pits, hole piles, pipe trenches and other projects. Earthwork is blasted with explosive and other blasting materials to achieve the purpose of excavation. Below, I will provide you with safety measures and methods for rock blasting, hoping to help you!

The safe distance of blasting operation is harmful to people, production equipment, buildings and structures. The main reasons are the impact of blasting flying rocks, blasting earthquake shock waves and toxic gases on buildings, structures and equipment personnel.

Therefore, before organizing blasting operation, we must correctly calculate the safety distance, determine the initial explosive amount and the corresponding safety distance according to the characteristics of construction projects and construction sites, and take corresponding technical measures to prevent accidents.

Anti-vibration and protective covering measures When controlling blasting, the blasting body or nearby buildings, structures or facilities should be covered with anti-vibration and protective covering to reduce the influence of blasting vibration and noise and prevent debris from flying.

Anti-vibration technical measures

(1) dispersed blasting point. When group blasting is used, if different charges are detonated at the same time, the influence of earthquake fluctuation on buildings will be weakened or partially eliminated. If delayed initiation is adopted and the delay time is longer than 2S, the vibration effect can be calculated according to the charge of each initiation.

(2) Blasting by stages, reducing the charge of one blasting, selecting a smaller blasting action index n, and blasting with low-intensity explosives when necessary to reduce the charge concentration. (3) Properly arrange the charging position or gun hole. In general, the blasting vibration intensity is the largest in the direction opposite to the blasting throwing direction, followed by the lateral direction and the throwing direction is smaller.

4) In order to reduce the influence of blasting vibration on bedrock, the excavation thickness can generally be reduced by layers; Or reserve a protective layer with a thickness of not less than 20~30cm, and finally remove it manually or with a pneumatic pick. (5) For collapse vibration, pre-explosion measures can be taken for cutting first, or loose sand or debris can be pre-laid on the ground for buffering.

Protection and coverage measures

(1) In order to protect people and property from blasting debris, necessary shielding measures should be taken for factories, equipment and houses near the blasting.

(2) When blasting above the ground, straw mats (dry or wet) or straw bags can be covered at the blasting site as the first line of defense, then rubber hose curtains or rubber mats and Beijing buses are laid on the straw mats, and finally the above two layers are covered and wrapped with canvas sheds. Rubber curtain and canvas should be tied tightly with iron wire or rope to stop blasting debris, protect the upper canvas from being broken and reduce noise. When necessary, the opening of the window and the protection area should be hung or covered with 2cmX2cm net or iron wire, or covered.

(3) In general caving blasting and crushing blasting, flying stones can be protected by wire fences, cloth mats, canvas, rubber mats, old cloth mats, plastic nylon cloths, Beijing buses, straw curtains, bamboo curtains or straw bags with good toughness.

Construction organization and management 1, blasting construction should be strictly organized and planned. For important projects, construction organization design should be prepared in advance and implemented after approval by superiors. Each blasting project should have a special technical director or safety director.

2, to participate in the blasting personnel. Special safety technical training and assessment should be conducted, detailed safety technical disclosure should be made, strict handover procedures and records should be performed, and a safety inspection system should be formulated.

3. Before blasting, strictly check and understand the structure and materials of the building to be blasted, and determine the specific blasting demolition procedures according to the structure, materials and surrounding environment to ensure safe construction.

4. When making detonating or detonating body, keep away from the charging site, like the charging site, and there should be special personnel around to be alert. Fireworks are strictly prohibited, and irrelevant personnel are not allowed to enter the site. Workers are not allowed to smoke or carry ignition tools. Charging tools should be plastic products, aluminum products or wooden sticks.

5. During blasting operation, the entrances and exits of each blasting point should be kept clear, so that in case of danger, personnel can be quickly moved to a safe place.

6, all kinds of contact signals must be unified, and shall not interfere with or be confused with other signals.

7. When blasting, the danger zone and influence zone should be strictly determined. When necessary, every entrance and exit should be fenced, and every traffic intersection should be guarded by a high police sentry.

8. Formulate and make special measures against accidents, toxic gases, fires, explosions or collapsed materials flooding personnel and equipment. Special preparation measures should be taken for rescue workers and equipment.

The storage of blasting materials should be 1, the storage warehouse of blasting materials should be dry and well ventilated, the relative humidity should not be greater than 65%, and the storage temperature should be kept between 18℃ and 30℃. There should be fire control facilities in the warehouse. Explosives and explosives should be stored separately. Lot numbers should not be confused. Explosives of different properties should not be stored, especially oil explosives.

Prevent insects, mice and other animals from biting, so as not to cause explosion or failure. The warehouse should be guarded by special personnel, and the relevant systems of storage and fire fighting should be strictly implemented to prevent damage or accidents.

2. The safe distance between the storage warehouse of blasting materials and buildings such as houses, factories, stations and highway trunk lines shall not be less than specified.

3. Boxes of explosives piled up in the warehouse should be placed in designated places, neatly and firmly placed on wooden pads. The stacking height of explosives shall not exceed 2.0m, the blasting equipment shall not exceed 1.5m, and the width shall not exceed 2m. There should be a channel with a width not less than 1.3m between piles, and the distance between piles and walls should not be less than 0.3m. ..

4, explosives should be stored separately, the safe distance between the two warehouses shall not be less than the safe distance of martyrdom, generally not less than the prescribed.

5. Blasting material boxes must be piled up smoothly, not upside down, not allowed to throw, drag, push, knock, bump, and not allowed to open the medicine box in the warehouse. It is not allowed to explode in the sun, so as not to damage the moisture-proof agent or make the moisture-proof agent penetrate into the core to cause misfire, and it is not allowed to freeze due to moisture, so as to avoid failure.

6. Strictly abide by the warehouse access system. It is forbidden to bring nails, weapons, open flame lamps, matches and other flammable materials into the warehouse. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the warehouse.

7. Strictly implement the system of receiving, returning and using blasting materials. Only safety lighting facilities and flashlights with insulating shells are allowed in the warehouse. The warehouse should be equipped with lightning protection devices, and the grounding resistance should not be greater than 10.

8. Storage capacity of blasting materials in the temporary warehouse on the construction site: explosives shall not exceed 3t; No more than 10000 fuses and the corresponding number.

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