Introduction of works
Liu Yuxi's "Xibao Mountain Nostalgia" was selected as 300 Tang poems. This poem was written by Liu Yuxi in 824 AD (the fourth year of Changqing, Tang Muzong) when he was transferred from Kuizhou to the state secretariat. It is a poem mourning the past and comforting the present, expressing the feelings of unchanging mountains and rivers and different personnel. On his way to his post, he touched the scene and recalled the past, and wrote this poem lamenting the rise and fall of history. The first four sentences of the poem describe the historical facts of the destruction of Soochow in the Western Jin Dynasty, show that national unity is a historical necessity, and expound that the rise and fall of things depends on people's thoughts. The last four sentences are about Mount Cisse, pointing out that it is famous because it used to be a military fortress. Today, the mountain shape remains the same, but the personnel are completely different, which opens the theme of the poem. Finally, I wrote that today, the four seas are at home, the mountains and rivers are unified, and the division like the Six Dynasties is gone forever. The whole poem is profound and broad, and the words are fluent. However, the poet's true feelings can't be seen in his poems, and there are few disappointments and frustrations, which is a great defect.
On the surface, this poem describes the feeling of historical changes, impermanence and unpredictable rise and fall. However, if we look at the situation of the separatist regime in the buffer region at that time and Liu Yuxi's mentality of paying attention to state affairs, we will know that the significance of nostalgia is actually hurting the present. The author is taking history as a mirror to warn people that the division of the Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties has become history, and the Tang Dynasty is still a unified country. However, under the peaceful scene of "four seas at home", all the provinces and towns have been in their own way for many years. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
original text
The old days of Xibao Mountain.
Author: Liu Yuxi
When Wang Jun's ships set out from Yizhou, the position of the prince of Wu disappeared.
The long Zhang Qian chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag was lowered on the stone wall.
How many sad past in life, the mountains still remain cold.
It is the day when the China world is unified. The ancient fortress is full of ruins and autumn reeds.
To annotate ...
⑴ Cisai Mountain: Located in Cisai Mountain, Huangshi City, Hubei Province, there is a Taoist priest living in the collection. In the fourth year of Changqing in Tang Muzong (824), Liu Yuxi was transferred from Kuizhou to Hezhou (now Anhui County) as the secretariat. He wrote this poem when he passed through Mount Cisse on his way to his post.
(2) Jin Yizhou secretariat of Wang Zhuo. Yizhou: Jin Dynasty, the county ruled Chengdu today. Emperor Wu of Jin conspired to attack Wu and sent Wang Zhuo to build a big ship outside Bashu. The ship is built with wood as the city, and each ship can accommodate more than 2000 people.
⑶ Jinling: Today's Nanjing was the capital of Wu at that time. Imperial qi: the qi of the emperor.
(4) The iron lock sank to the bottom of the river: Sun Hao, the last emperor of Soochow, ordered an iron cone to be set up in the middle of the river to intercept the golden boat with a big iron rope crossing the river, and finally failed. Search: unit of length, eight feet is a search.
5] Stone: refers to the stone city, so it is located in Liangqingshan, Nanjing, Jiangsu. Wang Meng led the fleet down the river from Wuchang, reaching Jinling and breaking the stone city. Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu, surrendered at the camp gate. Flag lowering: Flag lowering.
Now that the country is unified, the old barriers have long been abandoned. Homebase: refers to the departure of Cisse, including the war relics since the Six Dynasties.
Rhyme translation
During the Jin Dynasty, Wang Jun built his capital on a ship, and all the emperors in Jinling were dismayed.
Wu's chain was also burned to the bottom of the river, and the white flag of surrender was hung at the head of Jinling City.
The sad memory of the rise and fall of the world several times, the mountains are still cold and have not changed.
Since then, the four seas have lived a peaceful life, so the base is depressed, and reeds and autumn winds are everywhere.
explain
Cisai Mountain is located on the Yangtze River east of daye city, Hubei Province. Lanheng autumn fortress, mountain lock rapids, the situation is steep. This is a famous military fortress during the Six Dynasties. In the 4th year of Changqing in Tang Muzong (AD 824), Liu Yuxi was transferred from Kuizhou secretariat to Zhangzhou secretariat, and went downstream to Cisai Mountain to write this poem. In the first year of Taikang (AD 280), Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, ordered Wang Zhuo to lead the water army of the Western Jin Dynasty composed of tall warships down the river to crusade against Wu Dong. With this historical event as the topic, the poet wrote "Building a boat to benefit the country" at the beginning, and "Wang Jinling Qi" suddenly disappeared. Jinling, Yizhou, thousands of miles away, should be "down" and "closed". How fast! The confrontation between the two words shows that one side is unstoppable, the other side is afraid, and the strength is far from each other. The second couplet follows the trend and directly writes about the war and its consequences. Sun Hao, the king of Soochow's national subjugation, secretly planted an iron cone in the middle of the river and locked the river with Chihiro chain, relying on the natural barrier of the Yangtze River. He thinks he is a foolproof plan. Unexpectedly, Wang Zhuo washed away the iron cone with dozens of rafts and burned the chain with torches. As a result, he went down the river, built three mountains and went straight to Jinling. "Hao is a gift to prepare for national subjugation, ... made in The Great Wall (Wang Jinshu Zhuo Zhuan). The second couplet vividly summarizes this history.
The first four sentences of the poem, concise and compact, show the strength of both sides, the route of attack, the way of attack and defense, and the end of the war through comparison. It only used the first poem to write about the departure of the water army in the Western Jin Dynasty, and then wrote Wu Dong alone: In the reflection at the beginning of the war, the painstaking fortifications were destroyed until the flag was raised and surrendered. People not only see the image of the loser, but also see the destructive momentum of the winner. It can be said that the alternation of reality and reality, victory and defeat in the same phase, is a skillful arrangement. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
The poet is good at tailoring. He singled out the western Jin Dynasty to destroy Wu from many historical events, which is intriguing, because Dongwu was the first in the Six Dynasties, and it had quite "novel" fortifications, which were actually destroyed. Future generations should learn from it, but it is not. Therefore, writing about the demise of Wu not only exposed the incompetence of the king of Wu at that time, but also showed the stupidity of the later generations, and also reflected that the reunification of the country was a historical necessity. Secondly, when describing the war between Jin and Wu, the poet paid attention to Wu, but when describing Wu, he pointed out that the illusory spiritual pillar "Wang Dao", natural terrain and the chain were unreliable. This shows a profound thought from the opposite side, that is, "Prosperity is exhausted, mountains and rivers are empty" (Liu Yuxi's "Jinling Nostalgia"). It can be seen that such tailoring lies in its perfect expression of the theme.
The seventh sentence says "This is the world", and the eighth sentence says that the once military fortress has been abandoned in the autumn wind. This ruined and desolate relic is a witness to the decline of the Six Dynasties, a symbol of the failure of division and the result of national reunification. Looking back on the past and giving the present, I have collected the whole poem.
Liu Yuxi's poems contain profound thoughts in a fluent style. The poet seems to be objectively describing the past and depicting historical sites. Actually, it's not. Looking back at history, we will know that during the period of Tang Xianzong, several victories were won in the war to pacify the separatist regime in the buffer regions, and the country was reunified. However, this scene was only a flash in the pan, and the three towns in Hebei recovered from 82 1 to 822. In this poem, Liu Yuxi pointed the edge of ridicule at the rulers who once occupied one side in history but eventually fell. Isn't this a head-on blow to the resurgent separatist forces? Of course, "thousands of families became weeds because of a song" backyard flowers "(Liu Yuxi's" Five Topics of Jinling Taicheng "). This lesson of the collapse of the Six Dynasties is also a good mirror for the arrogant and corrupt Tang Dynasty at that time.
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"Wang Zhuo disembarked from Yizhou, and the imperial ghost has languished in Ningcheng", these two sentences are a review of the history of that year. In 279 AD (the fifth year of Xianning in the Western Jin Dynasty), in order to complete the great cause of reunification, Wu was ordered to be cut. On the broad front from Chuzhou in the east to Yizhou in the west, several armies were organized to launch an all-round attack on Soochow. At that time, General Wang Meng of Longxiang built a warship in Yizhou. "Take wood as the city, build towers and open four doors, and you have to ride horses" (Biography of Wang Meng in the Book of Jin), which is what the poem says about "shipbuilding". In the second year after shipbuilding, Wang Zhuo set out from Yizhou, moved eastward along the Yangtze River, quickly broke through Jinling, accepted the surrender of Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu, and Soochow perished.
The poet deleted all the complicated historical processes that lasted for more than five months, and only intercepted two scenes, the beginning and end of sending troops and the death of Wu, which summarized the whole historical process. The words "Xia" and "Shou" are coherent and echo each other. The former shows that Wang Zhuo's soldiers came quickly; The latter wrote the fate of the collapse of the Soochow regime, calling it "terrible" or even worse.
"Chihiro's iron lock sank to the bottom of the river and a stone fell out", which is the reason why Cheng Shanglian wrote about the "bleak harvest" of Jinling regime. "Chihiro Iron Lock" is Wu Dong's fortification in the Xiajiang dangerous area of the Cisse Mountain. It contains two meanings: First, it shows that despite corruption, the Sun Bin regime is unwilling to lose the country easily, but is desperate to resist; The second is to render Wang Zhuo resourceful and brave. At that time, in order to resist the crusade of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, Wu Dong camped in the area of Mount Cisse, set up a river defense, crossed the Yangtze River with chains, and stopped Wang Zhuo's ships. However, dozens of rafts were used to upload sesame oil torches, which melted the chains and reached the gates of Jinling, forcing Sun Haoju, the Lord of Wu, to "surrender" and surrender. Historically, there were not many soldiers in Wu Dongbing at that time, and the land was not wide, the city was not solid and the land was not dangerous. It is precisely because Sun Hao didn't fix the internal affairs, neglected the country and made mistakes, which led to "collusion, not doing everything for Hao" (biography of Sun Hao in the Three Kingdoms), so it will inevitably lead to the end of "sinking the iron lock" and "turning your face". This historical lesson is profound and cannot but make people think deeply.
These two sentences are the poet's lament for the rise and fall of the calendar. Looking at Jinling, Mount Cisse still stands tall, and the Yangtze River under it flows eastward in cold and autumn. But the emperors of Jinling are gone. The word "past events" is meaningful. Refers to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty, and has established its capital in Jinling since Soochow. Most of these regimes perished for similar reasons. But people always don't accept the lessons of history, and if they don't reflect, they are repeating the mistakes of their predecessors.
As Du Mu said in "A Gong Fang Fu": "Later generations mourn for it and don't learn, which also makes later generations mourn for it again." Liu Yuxi, who has a politician's mind, naturally realized this deeply, so he actively participated in Wang's political innovation group, rose up and reformed the shortcomings, trying to save the declining Tang Dynasty. However, the cruel reality not only failed to realize their wishes, but repeatedly persecuted and attacked themselves and others in the group. Therefore, the "learn from a painful experience" here is not only a sigh of the rise and fall of the previous dynasty, but also a sorrow for one's own life. A word "hurt" fully shows the feelings of grief and indignation.
"Today, every sea is home, and the old fortress is full of ruins and autumn reeds" is the theme of the whole poem. The poet's "injury" to the past is rooted in his anxiety about the present world, which is the second injury to the past, and the anxiety about the present world is the Lord. Since the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, although it still maintained a unified situation on the surface, several generations of emperors favored eunuchs and rejected loyal ministers. The separatist forces in the buffer zone are getting worse. As the poet thinks, if this situation continues, it will inevitably accelerate the decline and repeat the mistakes of history. Therefore, "being at home in the four seas today" is not only the poet's joy at the temporary reunification of the Tang Dynasty, but also a warning to the world that this situation is about to fall. "Filling the old fort with the residual, using autumn reeds" is likely to become a true portrayal of the future of the Tang Dynasty. Future generations, like poets at this time, will sigh sadly in the face of the ruins of their former home in the swaying of autumn wind reeds. In this way, the theme of the poem is deepened in content, and emotionally connected with the previous "repeated changes have moved to the past".
The poem "Xibao Mountain Nostalgia" narrates historical facts, describes the scenery in front of us, and expresses the true feelings in the poet's chest. The poet skillfully combines history, scenery and emotion perfectly, making them set each other off and grow together, creating a meaningful desolate artistic conception and a sense of depression and frustration.
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Liu Yuxi (772-842 AD) was born in Luoyang and descended from Xiongnu. In his later years, he served as a guest of honor for the Prince, and was known as "Liu Ke" in the world. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he participated in the political reform during the Tang Yongzhen period, and was banished to Yuan Jun as a result. He lived tenaciously and returned to Luoyang in his later years. He still has the heroic spirit of "Ma Sibian grass punches".
Liu Yuxi's poetic style is refined and subtle, and he often expresses his deep understanding of history or life in fresh language, so he is highly praised by Bai Juyi and is known as a "poet". When he was far away in Hunan and Sichuan, he came into contact with the life of ethnic minorities and was influenced by local folk songs. He created poems such as Zhuzhici and Langtaosha, leaving a folk picture of "silver cymbals and gold hairpin to carry water, long knives and short hats to burn her" for future generations. As for "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny", it is an authentic folk song flavor. When he and Bai Juyi wrote "Ci of Spring Day", they noted that "the sentence based on" Recalling Jiangnan "is the earliest record of lyric poetry in China literature.
Located on the Yangtze River east of daye city, Hubei Province, Cisai Mountain was a famous military fortress during the Six Dynasties. In the fourth year of Changqing in Tang Muzong (AD 824), Liu Yuxi was transferred from Kuizhou secretariat to Hezhou secretariat, and went down the river, crossing Cisai Mountain to write this poem.
Wang Jun (AD 206-286) was born in Hongnong Lake (now Lingbao County, Henan Province) in the Western Jin Dynasty, and was born in an official family. He dabbled in classics since childhood and was ambitious, but he was not recognized by his neighbors. He boasted that "sparrows know the ambition of swans." Later, he was recommended as the aide of Xu Miao, the secretariat of Hedong, and married his daughter. After joining the Southern Expedition Army, he was recommended as a cycling doctor by yang hu, the left servant of Shangshu. Soon, he was promoted to the magistrate of Ba County (in today's eastern Sichuan). Later, he was transferred to Guanghan (now Suining County, Sichuan Province) as a satrap, well-managed, and won the hearts of the people. Just Zhang Hong killed Huangfuyan, the secretariat of Yizhou, and Wang Junyi killed Zhang Hong, pacified Yizhou (now Chengdu, Sichuan) and was promoted to the secretariat of Yizhou. During his tenure, he implemented the policy of combining force with appeasement, allowing ethnic minorities to maintain their own customs and habits, so that all ethnic groups can live in peace. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was promoted to general Youwei, and also served as a senior farmer, in charge of national tax, finance, grain, salt and iron. Yang hu knew Wang Jun's talent, secretly went to the table, asked him to stay, but let him stay in Yizhou Secretariat.
In the early years of Xianning, Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 275), Emperor Sima Yan planned to crusade against Wu and ordered Wang Jun to supervise the construction of warships in Yizhou. This warship is a multi-storey structure, which can accommodate 2000 people. The deck is wide enough to ride horses, and it can be called a water castle. At that time, when the Western Jin Dynasty attacked Wu, there was a great controversy between the DPRK and China. Wang Jun wrote to analyze the situation on both sides, and Chen indicated that it was necessary and possible to attack Wu, and with the support of Du Yu and others, he parted the crowd and urged Jin Wudi to March by imperial decree. In the first month of the first year of Taikang (280), Wang Jun led the Shu Jing Water Army to set out from Chengdu, down the Yangtze River, and marched into Stone Town (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In order not to miss the plane, he did not go to the Chief Executive, General Anton Wang Hun, to "consult", but led the fleet directly to Moling, the gateway town of Stone Town (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province), and won a great victory. Sun Hao, the last monarch of Wu, was awed by the power of Jin Jun, tied himself up and led his ministers to surrender in Kaesong. This is the so-called "falling stone" in Liu's poems. From the chaos in the last years of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, competing with each other, to the tripartite confrontation in Wei Shuwu, the division of China in the past century ended, and China was reunified. This poem by Liu Yuxi is about this historical fact.
However, Liu Yuxi's original intention in writing this poem is not simply to describe this magnificent historical event, but to "borrow the past from the present" and express the author's thinking about the deep reasons behind the historical event. Imagine why Weah's "Wang Jinling Qi" was once "suddenly enlightened". Why did the seemingly indestructible "Chihiro Iron Lock" sink into the bottom of the river? There was a Wu Dong army that burned Liu Bei's company for 800 li, but why did it hold high the banner and retreat? Why did a dynasty capital and military fortress with natural geographical advantages and solid defense engineering fall apart and disappear in the blink of an eye? For this question, we can find the answer in the author's another epic "Jinling Nostalgia": "The rise and fall are determined by personnel, mountains and rivers are empty." People's opposition is the fundamental reason for the rise and fall of a regime. The "natural barrier" of mountains and rivers is just an empty terrain. It is just the grave of the lost people, and it will always be a smooth road that can be easily crossed in front of the righteous teacher who won the hearts of the people. Sun Hao, the last monarch of Wu Dong, was very cruel, which led to betrayal and separation from his relatives. When Wang Jun built a ship in Shu to attack Wu, he foolishly thought that the Yangtze River was impregnable and did not take the advice of his advisers. It was not until a large group of ships from Wang Jun arrived in full swing that he panicked, tied his hands behind his back and carried the coffin to the Western Jin Army to surrender. Liu Yuxi's first four poems, with concise brushstrokes, show the strength of both sides of the war in comparison, and even show the destructive and aggressive momentum of the winner and the expression that the loser is eclipsed and flees in haste.
However, "the cycle is repeated, and the times have changed". Although the past dynasties have caused sadness and nostalgia for future generations, the ancient city of Jinling, which witnessed the rise and fall of the past dynasties, is "commanding the cold river while the dignity of this mountain is still there". The objective law of historical development is independent of the will of some individuals. As Bow Wow, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem "Going to Jinling Again": "No matter whether the country rises or falls or hates, the setting sun will accompany the guests." In the face of distant and heavy historical sites, people often feel the objectivity, fairness and irresistibility of natural laws, which leads to awe-inspiring reflection. Liu Shi's seventh sentence turned from sadness to joy, freed from deep sorrow for history, and praised the unity of today's world. However, while praising today, the poet reminds people not to forget the past. As soon as the pen turned, the thought was fixed in front of them: "Old castles fill the reeds in the autumn." The former military fortress became a broken and desolate relic, and large white reeds rustled in the autumn wind. With this bleak and declining scene, the poet gave a blow to the separatist forces that were rising at that time: the right path of history is always the "great unity" of the four seas, which is the will of the people and does not depend on the will of the separatists. If you want to split the country and resist reunification, no matter what kind of high city and deep ditch you build, it will eventually be just a farce and become a sad "past" for future generations to mourn.
Comment and analysis
On the surface, this poem describes the feeling of historical changes, impermanence and unpredictable rise and fall. However, if we look at the situation of the separatist regime in the buffer region at that time and Liu Yuxi's mentality of paying attention to state affairs, we will know that the significance of nostalgia is actually hurting the present. Taking history as a mirror, the author warns today that the division of the Three Kingdoms and the Six Dynasties has become history, and the Tang Dynasty is still a unified country, but the buffer region has been supporting troops for many years. Under the peaceful scene of "being at home in the four seas", the poem "Poetry Zhai" says: "It's been too long, and the ambition of thinking has been exhausted. This shore is the victory of homesickness. "
This poem has been well received by critics of all ages. "Notes on Tang Poetry" says that the first couplet is magnificent and desolate, and the last four sentences are graceful and graceful, which is "the swan song of the Tang people who miss the past". "A spoonful of poetry" says: "There seems to be criticism. No matter what the argument is, the pen is on paper, and the gods come to heaven, and the law is meticulous. This is a masterpiece of old life, which naturally overwhelms Yuan and Bai. " Yu Biyun's On Poetic Realm: "I said that Liu Shi and Cui Hao's poem The Yellow Crane Tower have the same effect. Cui Shi thought of the yellow Crane Immortal. The first four sentences all said that immortals used cranes and paid close attention to them. Liu Shi said from the point of view of the magnetic fortress, the first four sentences are all about Ping Wu, and he is also very attentive. He not only focused on this topic, but also devoted himself to the first four sentences, but he was a rare expert in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, except Shen Quanqi's Longtan and Li Taibai's parrot. "
In the fourth year of Changqing, Liu Yuxi left Kuizhou for the Three Gorges, traveled eastward along the Yangtze River, went to Hezhou as a secretariat, passed by Cisai Mountain, and wrote this nostalgic poem.
In the first sentence, "Wang Meng disembarked from Yizhou, and the imperial ghost has languished in Nanjing", the poet did not put pen to paper from the specific scenery in front of him, but described the thrilling battle around Cisai Mountain with concise pen and ink, showing a magnificent historical picture. In 280 AD, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, ordered Wang Zhuo, the secretariat of Yizhou, to lead the elite water army down the Yangtze River and take Jinling (the capital of Wu State) to complete the great cause of reunification. "Xiayizhou" refers to putting the word "Xiayi" before "Yizhou" from Yizhou down, rendering a majestic and condescending marching momentum, and also laying the groundwork for Wu's downfall. The word "terrible" not only shows the fear of Wu Jun, but also indicates the inevitable fate of Wu's failure.
Zhuan Xu wrote about the futility of Wu's dying struggle and the ugliness of being forced to surrender. "Chihiro Iron Lock" describes Wu Jun's fortifications as very strong, which almost blocked the whole river. However, due to Wang Zhuo's resourcefulness, he quickly broke Wu Jun's defense. The word "Shen" seems ordinary, but in fact it is extremely amazing. Its image shows that with the sinking of the chain, the Wu regime disappeared forever in the long river of history. A falling rock describes the ugly behavior of the monarch of Wu when he surrendered. One Piece is very small, and Surrender contains satire and ridicule. In a word, the first four sentences of the poem explain the commander of the war, the route of marching, the way of fighting, the process of breaking through the Yangtze River defense line and Wu's surrender, which has profound meaning in the content of nostalgia: the consolidation of a political power depends not on the danger of the terrain, but on the people's hearts; Without people's hearts, any other fortifications are useless.
The sentence of "the cycle of change has moved to the past" in the necklace is a link between the preceding and the following, which struggles readers' thoughts out of historical sorrow and returns to reality, summarizes the history of frequent regime changes in the Southern Dynasties for more than 300 years, and specifically illustrates the inevitable consequences of losing people's hearts and not being kind to the people. The poet personifies the transcendental spirit of Mount Cisse. "Still" means that it was like this 300 years ago and it is still like this 300 years later. However, all the heroes in the world are not smart enough. They insist on relying on steep mountains and rivers to dominate the country, and it is inevitable that they will be ridiculed by Mount Cisse one by one. "Yamagata remains the same" is in sharp contrast with the hegemony of heroes, highlighting their sadness.
Tail couplet is the poet's emotional and gentle advice to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. The phrase "every sea is today's home" is a passing phrase, praising the contemporary world in a praising tone. Through the comparison between ancient and modern times, the poet deeply felt that the unified inheritance of Datang for more than 200 years was precious. In addition, the poet praised "being at home in the four seas", which showed his firm position of safeguarding national unity. The sentence "The old fortress is full of ruins and autumn reeds" means that the former military fortress is now abandoned in the autumn wind. This ruined and desolate relic is a witness to the decline of the Six Dynasties and a symbol of the failure of division.
In a word, in this poem, the poet points the edge of ridicule at the ruler who once occupied one side but finally collapsed. The poet seems to be objectively describing the past and depicting historical sites, but it is actually a head-on blow to the separatist forces that re-emerged at that time. This lesson has also become a good mirror for the king.
Brief introduction of the author
Liu Yuxi (772-842), born in Pengcheng, Han nationality and Luoyang, was a writer, philosopher and politician in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Hanzhong and a member of the King's Reform School. Poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty are called "poets". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to the textual research of Mr. Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, Liu Yuxi relegated Sima Langzhou and wrote "Han Shou Chun Wang".
Liu Yuxi, the former guest of the prince, was called Liu Bin. And Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Liu". It is called "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, he was promoted to the first place in imperial academy, entered the course of erudition and macro-speech, engaged in the Huainan shogunate, and served as the censor. Wang brought the used things into the forbidden area, discussed them with him, and said everything. Transfer it to Yuan Wailang and sentence him to a salt and iron case. Uncle Wen was defeated and demoted to the secretariat of Langzhou. During his relegation, he met Bai Juyi in Yangzhou. Bai Juyi wrote "Drunken Gifts to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu", and Liu Yuxi thanked Bai Juyi for "rewarding the first meeting of Lotte Yangzhou" and later demoted Sima Langzhou. When you are down and out, you don't talk to yourself, but you spit and satirize the distance. Quite vulgar and good at witchcraft, according to the poet's intention to taste. Relying on his voice, he wrote more than ten poems on bamboo branches and sang them in Wuling Creek Cave. Live for ten years, call it back. I will buy Langbu, and I will ridicule the poems about flowers in Xuandu. I am not happy in power and will stab Bozhou back. On the basis of mother's old age, Pei Du changed to Lianzhou, Qiankui and Erzhou. After a long time, he was recruited as a doctor. He also revisited Du Xuan to watch poems and divided the company into the East Capital. Academic qualifications are still recommended for Langzhong and Ji Xian. Degree, out of Suzhou, moved to Youzhou, with two states, moved to the prince guest company. I am good at writing poems, especially in the late festival. Unfortunately, sitting on waste and suppressing non-cooperation are based on articles. With Bai Juyi, he got a lot of rewards, and Bai Juyi tasted his poem: Liu Pengcheng Mende, a great poet. Its front is looming, and its bravery is even smaller. He also said that his poems should be protected by sacred objects, which is highly valued by celebrities. In Huichang, we will check the history of the Ministry of Justice. At the age of 72, he was awarded the book of ministers. Eighteen volumes of poetry, now twelve volumes.
Wuling Treasure written by Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, records the Spring Scenery of Hanshou City written by Liu Yuxi during his demotion to Sima Langzhou. In memory of Liu Yuxi and Sima Langzhou, the Changde Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government of Hunan Province built a "Sima Lou" on the lakeside of Liu Ye.
There are many controversies about Liu Yuxi's ancestral home. Some people say that he is from Luoyang, some people say that he is from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou), and some people say that he is from Dingzhou and Zhongshan. According to relevant historical records, Liu Yuxi is a descendant of Xiongnu, and his seventh ancestor, Liu, was born in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He moved to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of Wei and later changed his surname to Han. Father Liu Xu moved eastward to Jiaxing to avoid the Anshi Rebellion, and Liu Yuxi was born here, so Liu Yuxi was "born in Xingyang and occupied Luoyang". About saying that he is a "Pengcheng native", after investigation, he said that he was from Bai Juyi, Quan Deyu and others. That just followed the custom of "all names are salty" (history). Therefore, the statement that "Liu Yuxi is from Pengcheng" is inaccurate.
To say that Liu Yuxi is from Dingzhou, Zhongshan, Zhongshan Wuji, we have to start with his seventh ancestor Liu Liang. During the Zhou and Han Dynasties, Dingzhou and Wuji were the territory of Jizhou, and Wuji was also the territory of Dingzhou. Liu Liang was originally the secretariat of Jizhou, riding a regular servant, and later moved to Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Liu Liang's family also moved to Luoyang. According to the Summary of the General Contents of Sikuquanshu, the collection is divided into categories: "The original name of the book Yuxi was Pengcheng people, Gai County View. In fact, the Wuji people in Zhongshan are also called Zhongshan Collection, which is also built by it. " In addition, the Qing Dynasty also published the Dictionary of Historical Figures in China and the Dictionary of Historical Celebrities in China. After repeated verification and consultation by relevant experts, it is confirmed that Liu Yuxi's ancestral home is Wuji, which is justified.
Contrast between English and Chinese
The Old Times of Xibao Mountain
Liu Yuxi
When Wang Jun's ships set out from Yizhou, the position of the prince of Wu disappeared.
The 10,000-foot-long chain sank at the bottom here, and then the flag of surrender appeared on the stone wall.
How many sad past in life, the mountains still remain cold.
It is the day when the China world is unified. The ancient fortress is full of ruins and autumn reeds.
The Old Times of Xibao Mountain
Liu Yuxi
Since Wang Jun came down from Yizhou with his big boat,
The royal ghost has languished in Nanjing.
10,000-foot chains sink at the bottom here-
Then the flag of surrender appeared on the stone wall. ....
The cycle of change has become a thing of the past,
And the dignity of this mountain still commands the cold river;
It is a day of unity in the China world.
The old fortress is full of ruins and autumn reeds.