Supervision has now become a high-risk profession, especially in safety management, so how can supervision engineers do safety management well? Come and see my sharing!
1. Review of safety management of construction unit:
1. 1 responsibility system for production safety
The project department shall establish the responsibility system for production safety for managers at all levels with the project manager as the first responsible person. Here, management personnel at all levels, including project managers, safety personnel, production, technology, machinery, equipment, logistics, subcontractors and other management personnel, should establish a responsibility system for production safety, which should be signed by the person in charge for confirmation. The project department shall be equipped with full-time security officers as required. The specific requirements are: construction projects with a building area of 1 m2 1 person, projects with a building area of 1 to 50,000 m2 with at least 2 people, and projects with a building area of 50,000 m2 with at least 3 people. A security team should be established.
1.2 construction organization design and special construction scheme
The project department should prepare the construction organization design before construction, and the construction organization design should formulate safety technical measures according to the engineering characteristics and construction technology; The partial and sub-projects with greater risks shall be prepared with special safety construction plans according to the provisions of Document No.87 of the Ministry of Construction; The construction unit shall organize experts to demonstrate the special scheme of partial projects with a certain scale and greater risk; The supervisor shall prepare the detailed supervision rules accordingly.
1.3 safety technical disclosure
The person in charge of construction shall make a written safety technical disclosure to the construction personnel when assigning the production task;
Safety technical disclosure shall be signed by the disclosure person, the disclosure person and the safety officer for confirmation; Safety technical disclosure mainly includes three aspects: first, disclosure according to engineering parts; Second, the construction work is relatively fixed and has no direct relationship with the construction site, such as lifting machinery and steel bar processing. , should be disclosed separately. Third, the project management personnel at all levels to safety construction scheme as the main content of disclosure.
1.4 safety inspection
The Project Department and the Supervision Department shall establish a regular (seasonal) safety inspection system; Preferably once a week; The safety inspection shall be organized by the project leader, attended by relevant professionals and full-time safety officers, carried out regularly, and the inspection records shall be filled in. For the hidden dangers of accidents found in the inspection, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities, and complete the rectification within a time limit by personnel, time and measures. Major accidents should fill in the Notice of Hidden Danger Rectification and carry out rectification on schedule. After the rectification, relevant personnel at the site shall be organized for review.
1.5 safety education
The construction unit shall establish a safety training and education system; After the construction personnel enter the site, the engineering project department will organize three-level safety education and assessment with national safety laws and regulations, enterprise safety system, construction site safety management regulations, and safety technical operation procedures of this type of work as the main contents;
1.6 emergency rescue plan
The project department should identify major hazards according to the characteristics of the project. Formulate a special emergency rescue plan with six major injuries as the main contents: electric shock prevention, collapse prevention, falling prevention, lifting and mechanical injury prevention, fire prevention and object strike prevention; And monitor the parts and links that are prone to major safety accidents on the construction site; According to the requirements of the emergency rescue plan, equipped with emergency rescue equipment and equipment; Train and equip emergency rescue personnel and conduct emergency rescue drills.
1.7 Safety management of subcontractors
If the general contractor subcontracts, the general contractor shall review and evaluate the unit qualification, personnel qualification and safety production license of the subcontracted project; When signing a subcontract with a subcontractor, the general contractor shall sign a safety production agreement to clarify the safety responsibilities of both parties; It should be noted here that subcontractors who sign contracts with the general contractor should be managed by the general contractor, and all information of subcontractors (including construction scheme) must be signed by the general contractor and reported to the supervisor for review.
1.8 special operations with certificates.
Construction special operations personnel must pass the training and examination of the competent construction department and obtain the operation qualification certificate of special operations personnel before they can take up their posts and engage in corresponding operations; Special operations personnel must hold relevant certificates when carrying out construction operations; For example, the Shanghai fire was a major accident, and 56 people were killed in the fire. At present, there are 10 types of special operators, and there are four types related to construction: 1, electrician operation 2, welding and hot cutting operation 3, aerial work 4 and refrigeration and air conditioning operation. The current certificate is unified throughout the country. It is valid all over the country. The special operators on site mainly include electricians, lifting operators, signal conductors, scaffolding, plumbing, painting, tower cranes, elevators, electric welding, etc.
As a supervisor, we must check whether the above information of the construction unit is complete and effective, which can be used as one or more special safety inspections, and issue special notices on the inspection results as a written basis for the inspection of safety management information.
2. Safety management of the construction site:
2. 1 scaffolding engineering
Each project is different and takes different forms. However, no matter what form of scaffolding, the construction scheme must be prepared first, and the examination and approval procedures must be approved by the technical director of the construction unit, and then reported to the director of the supervision department for examination and approval before implementation. Safety technical disclosure shall be made before scaffold erection; After the erection is completed, go through the acceptance procedures and conduct quantitative acceptance. Specific requirements of several commonly used scaffolding; 1) Fastening steel pipe scaffold: When erecting floor-standing scaffolding with a height of more than 50m, experts shall be organized to demonstrate the special scheme and organize its implementation according to the expert's opinions; The vertical pole foundation shall be compacted, leveled and hardened, and drainage measures shall be taken. A pad should be set at the bottom of the vertical pole, and a sweeping bar should be set at the bottom of the vertical pole not more than 200 mm The upper and middle protective railings should be set at 1.2m and 0.6m for the construction layer. A fender with a height of not less than 180mm shall be set outside the working layer frame. 2) The special construction scheme of cantilever scaffold with a height of more than 20m should be demonstrated by experts. The length of anchorage end of steel beam of cantilever scaffold shall not be less than 1.25 times of cantilever length; Scissors should be set continuously along the height of cantilever frame, and the angle should meet the requirements of 45 ~ 60. 3) The height of the attached lifting scaffold is not more than 5 times of the floor height and the width is not more than1.2m; ; 4) The hanging basket for aerial work shall be equipped with a special safety rope for hanging the safety belt, and the rope diameter of nylon rope shall not be less than 16mm. The special safety rope shall be reliably connected with the building structure. Considering the small working face of the hanging basket, try to reduce casualties in the event of a falling accident, and control the number of people here to less than 2.
2.2 foundation pit engineering:
First of all, we must work out the construction plan. When the excavation depth exceeds 3m, a special construction plan shall be prepared separately, which shall be reviewed by the technical, safety and quality departments of the construction unit and signed by the technical director of the construction unit. The foundation pit with excavation depth exceeding 5m shall be demonstrated by experts organized by the construction unit. The supervisor shall prepare the supervision rules separately;
Around the bottom of the foundation pit, drainage ditches and collecting wells should be prepared as planned, and effective drainage reduction measures should be taken; Edge protection measures that meet the protection requirements must be installed around the foundation pit with a construction depth of more than 2m; Before foundation pit excavation, a monitoring plan should be prepared to specify the monitoring items, monitoring alarm values, monitoring methods, monitoring point layout, monitoring period and so on. The foundation pit engineering should be monitored. If the excavation depth exceeds 5m, the construction unit shall entrust a third party with corresponding qualifications to monitor. The general contractor shall arrange the monitoring work of foundation pit by himself, and compare and analyze the monitoring data with the third party regularly, so as to guide the construction work.
2.3 aerial work:
Working at heights refers to any operation that may fall from a height of more than 2 meters (including 2 meters) from the datum plane; Personnel entering the construction site must wear safety helmets correctly; The outside of the scaffold is closed with a dense mesh safety net; Workers working high above the site must use safety belts; The elevator shaft is provided with a safety flat net every second floor (not more than 10m); When the height of the building exceeds 24m, the protective ceiling of the manhole should be protected by double layers.
2.4 construction electricity:
The guarantee items of construction electricity inspection and evaluation include grounding and neutral protection system, distribution box and switch box, external protection and distribution lines. The power distribution system on the construction site should be set according to "three-level power distribution, two-level leakage protection" and "one machine, one brake, one leakage and one box"; The main distribution box and switch box shall be equipped with qualified and effective leakage protectors; The switches of distribution box and switch box shall be in good condition, and the installation specifications of switches and incoming and outgoing lines shall be standardized; Box should have system wiring diagram and shunt sign, and have doors, locks and rainproof measures; The distance between distribution box, switch box and electrical equipment should conform to the specifications; The distance between distribution box and switch box should not exceed 30m, and the distance between switch box and electrical equipment should not exceed 3m.
2.5 Construction machinery:
Large-scale construction hoisting machinery should be inspected when entering the site. After installation, it can be used and inspected only after it has passed the inspection by a qualified testing organization. If the site has been used for more than one year, it should be re-tested, and it can be used again only after it is qualified; The supervision of the installation and disassembly of large hoisting machinery should be carried out off-site. During supervision, it is necessary to check whether the site construction personnel are certified (all special operations), whether the safety officer is in place, whether the safety protection and safety warning signs are in place, and whether the construction is carried out according to the installation (or disassembly) plan. For example, a safety accident occurred in Wuhan on September 9, 20 12, and 19 people were killed. The main reason is that the connector bolt falls off and has not been tested again after more than one year of use, which is seriously overloaded and the operator is not certified. Therefore, supervision must do a good job in the installation, disassembly, use and maintenance of large-scale mechanical equipment to avoid supervision responsibility.
summary
In short, safety management has always been a difficult point in site management, so the site project supervision department should form a safety management system, and the director should have a written division of labor for the supervisors; The supervisor should strengthen the safety inspection, issue an instruction sheet in time to require the construction unit to make rectification when problems are found, and report to the owner and the superior competent department in time if the construction unit fails to make rectification, so as to ensure safe construction.
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