Keywords:: building HVAC construction project design research
China Library Classification Number: TU83 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1007-3973 (2012) 007-005-02.
With the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for residential comfort are getting higher and higher. As an important part of building facilities, HVAC design and construction directly affect the engineering quality. Mature and suitable HVAC design and architecture is the essence of the current environment. However, the quality of HVAC construction is different due to the difference of the construction workers' own skill level and sense of responsibility. This paper makes a simple discussion on the design and construction of building HVAC for reference only.
1 Basic requirements for HVAC design and construction
Generally speaking, HVAC is composed of heating, air conditioning and ventilation system, which is very complicated and cumbersome in the design and installation process. Generally, after the pile foundation project, the HVAC position and pipeline are embedded and reserved, so the following basic requirements are put forward in the HVAC design and construction process.
1. 1 Look at the drawings carefully.
Looking through the drawings carefully is to clearly understand the design scheme and construction method of the building, so as to clearly understand the laying interface position of water supply, gas supply and power supply between the building and the surrounding buildings during design, which is an objective condition and also a preparation for creating reasonable and efficient construction in the future. In order to understand the HVAC load and zoning system, it is necessary to know the planned capacity, operation nature and service time of the building as a reference, and also consider the number of floors of the building, so as to take into account the provisions of the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings.
1.2 introduce equipment engineers to participate in the construction.
Equipment engineers know the performance, parameters and precautions of HVAC equipment best. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce equipment engineers to change the current situation that the equipment does not conform to the pre-embedded foundation road of the building, the design of the computer room is unreasonable, and the air inlet and air outlet are squeezed together illegally during HVAC construction.
1.3 design requirements of building heating system
Article 4.9.5 of Code for Heating and Ventilation (GB500 19—2003) does not particularly emphasize that * * * risers and indoor devices must be installed outdoors. When the building layout is difficult, it seems that the HVAC major does not abide by the provisions of this clause and does not violate the code. However, Article 6.2.4 of the Code for Residential Design (GB 50096- 1999 (2003 edition)) stipulates that "the facilities for overall adjustment and maintenance in the heating system should not be located in the suite". For the rationality and comfort of building heating, article 6.2.4 of Code for Residential Design (GB 50096- 1999 (2003 edition)) should be strictly implemented, with the fundamental purpose of conforming to modern architectural design.
2 common problems in building HVAC engineering construction
The construction procedure of HVAC project is complex, and there are many participants, so HVAC design and construction will encounter many problems. Now briefly introduce several prominent big problems.
2. 1 HVAC material problem
Problems with HVAC equipment and pipes are common in the construction industry. For example, water leakage is a big problem, so no matter how good the architect is, he will not become an excellent architect if he does not supply excellent materials that meet the requirements of building construction in time. It can be seen that the supply of materials and equipment is very important.
(1) The procurement channels and personnel of HVAC materials should be well managed. The professional knowledge and moral quality of procurement personnel directly determine the quality of HVAC equipment and pipelines purchased. It is necessary to hold relevant certificates and strengthen procurement training.
(2) Do a good job of acceptance. This is mainly from the procurement channels, specifications, quality, model, certificate, production batch and quantity of equipment and pipelines. , in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the contract. For example, check whether the three certificates are complete and carefully record according to the equipment and pipelines that enter the site every time. It is forbidden for any unqualified materials to enter the site.
(3) The outsourced equipment and pipelines should be far away from the acidic construction site.
2.2 Engineering quality problems
The engineering quality problem is the core of all problems, which is mainly manifested in two aspects: the slope of the main pipe and branch pipe of the heating pipeline, and the inaccurate outlet position of the main pipe and riser.
The main reasons for the slope problem of the main and branch pipes of heating pipeline are that the slope problem is not paid attention to when the pipe groove is reserved in the construction process, or the pipeline is not straightened, the position of the bracket and the island is not well controlled, and the deviation between the bracket and the elevation is too large, which will also lead to the occurrence of problems such as water accumulation, convexity or concavity in the pipeline, and block the wrinkle of the pipeline. To solve this problem, it is necessary to accurately calculate the standard bracket spacing with or without brackets before installing brackets, and straighten the pipeline to ensure unobstructed. What needs to be emphasized here is that during the construction process, remember not to forcibly do some auxiliary work such as plugs and pads, which may lead to changes in the slope of the previous design, improper support and elevation, and damage to the pipeline, so as not to affect the construction period.
The inaccurate position of the main pipe and riser is mainly caused by axis deviation and inaccurate measurement. Therefore, in the construction work, we must buy and use high-precision measuring instruments, break through the working idea of an armchair strategist, and put ourselves in the position of cutting materials according to the actual measurement at the site. For example, the radiator position is not allowed, which leads to the outlet position of the main riser is not allowed, the elevation difference in the same place is large, and the wall spacing width is not the same. Therefore, a unified elevation line is drawn during installation and construction, and the space and position of compliance ruler are reserved for pipes and radiators.
2.3 Paint pipes and radiators with antirust paint and paint problems.
Radiators are difficult to paint, especially the hidden parts. Here, it should be clearly pointed out that pipes and radiators should be painted with antirust paint and the first topcoat before installation, and then painted with a topcoat after installation. At the same time, it is clearly stipulated in the newly promulgated standard that radiator paint shall not be painted with metallic paint except convection radiator. Just don't use silver powder and gold powder. The rule of steel column radiator is that the surface of radiator should be sprayed with antirust primer and topcoat, and dried by far infrared, which can not be dried naturally. Therefore, as a project builder, we should consider this factor before purchasing materials and pay attention to the construction technology.
3 building HVAC system design and construction of specific management issues
Construction management is a global control problem, which requires effective management of design departments and construction personnel in practical work. Inadvertent design work makes HVAC equipment consume huge energy and cost when it is put into use, such as excessive environmental protection coefficient. Therefore, we entrust relevant technical departments to carry out detailed inspection on the designed HVAC equipment.
Security issues are part of management issues. The safety problems of HVAC construction mainly include fire safety, personnel construction safety, equipment operation safety, flammable and explosive environment safety, and supporting safety of power equipment standards. Attention must be paid to the HVAC construction of some buildings with extremely high safety requirements, and attention should be paid to the installation and interlocking of ventilation systems.
In addition, it is necessary to ensure the safe operation of equipment, including the anti-freezing protection of HVAC, the safety protection of refrigeration system and the interlock protection of fans. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate the coordination between HVAC equipment and other types of objects. Construction workers know that the space of the building is limited, and the reserved space and length of the pipeline are also limited. In HVAC specialty, there are air supply pipeline, return air pipeline, fresh air pipeline, smoke exhaust pipeline, water supply pipeline, return air pipeline and condensation pipeline. Domestic water supply pipe, drainage pipe, sewage pipe, spray pipe, etc. The specialty of water supply and drainage is extremely complicated, so as not to compete for space with electric conduits, water pipes and gas pipes. If there is no calibration on the construction design drawing, unexpected things will happen, which requires good coordination among various types of work. If necessary, the owner and the supervision unit should come forward to further coordinate and solve it reasonably.
4 abstract
HVAC engineering plays an important role in building system. In the design and construction of HVAC, the process of building construction must be improved and promoted in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. At the same time, as a HVAC designer, we must have a sense of social responsibility and rationally apply HVAC energy-saving technology. As the construction managers and operators of HVAC, we must focus on safe construction, comprehensively study the problems existing in HVAC construction, and make contributions to modern construction industry by using modern HVAC technology.
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