1. "Crew" refers to persons who have held or are applying for professional skills certificates that can prove that their holders meet the requirements of STCW Convention, or students who are receiving professional skills training stipulated in STCW Convention in maritime education institutions. (including officers and ratings. Among them are the captain, first mate, second mate, third mate, boatswain, sailor, chief engineer, second engineer, foreman and mechanic.

2. Big certificate: We call it big certificate, also called officer's competency certificate.

Small certificates refer to professional training certificates such as basic safety, proficiency in survival craft, advanced fire fighting and first aid. It also includes special training certificates.

3.g certificate is the abbreviation of GMDSS, the global maritime distress and safety system, and it is also the global maritime distress and safety system.

Manila Amendment to STCW Convention

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I. Background of Manila Amendment to STCW Convention

1978 In July, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the first ever International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW Convention).

1on June 8, 980, our government submitted the ratification of the STCW convention to the international maritime organization and became a party to the convention. The Convention entered into force in April 1984.

After STCW Convention 1978 was adopted and came into force, it played a positive role in promoting the quality of seafarers in all contracting States, including China, ensuring the safety of life and property at sea, protecting the marine environment and effectively controlling the influence of human factors on maritime accidents.

According to the needs of navigation technology and the development of shipping industry, the convention has been revised many times. Among them, the amendment 1995 completely revised the annex to the STCW Convention, and at the same time newly formulated the Rules on Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW Rules) as a supplement to the annex to the STCW Convention.

With the process of global economic integration, ships are developing towards large-scale, high-speed, specialization and modernization. The global protection of the marine environment is more stringent, and the application of new technologies, including information technology (IT), is more and more extensive and in-depth, and the requirements for seafarers' training and duty standards are getting higher and higher. At the same time, due to the rampant piracy, maritime safety has been seriously challenged, which puts forward new safety requirements for seafarers' training and duty standards.

After the amendment 1995 came into effect, the International Maritime Organization revised the STCW Convention and STCW Rules several times. 10 years after the adoption of the amendment 1995, the international maritime organization considered it necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of the STCW convention and the STCW rules in order to systematically revise the STCW convention and the STCW rules.

In 2006, at the request of the 37th meeting of the STW Subcommittee, the Maritime Safety Committee, at its 8th1meeting, instructed the STW Subcommittee to add a high-priority topic to its work plan, namely "comprehensive review of STCW conventions and rules".

In 2007, at its 38th meeting, the STW Subcommittee identified eight principles for a comprehensive review of STCW conventions and rules, namely:

(1) Retain the structure and objectives of the amendment 1995;

(2) Do not lower the existing standards;

(3) Do not modify the provisions of the Convention;

(4) Solve inconsistent problems, eliminate outdated requirements and reflect the needs of technological development;

(5) Ensure effective information exchange;

(6) Due to technological innovation, it provides some flexibility in completing training, certification and responsibility requirements;

(7) Considering the characteristics and environment of short-distance ships and offshore oil industry;

(8) Consider maritime safety.

Second, the understanding of the eight principles of comprehensive review of STCW Convention.

1. Change the long-standing goal of "safer shipping and cleaner ocean" set by the International Maritime Organization to "safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean ocean".

(1) The International Maritime Organization juxtaposes "security" with "safety" and "pollution prevention";

(2) Incorporating "safety responsibility" into seafarers' training;

(3) Efficient shipping has become a new goal pursued by the International Maritime Organization, and IMO has realized that developing maritime science and technology is an important technical guarantee for achieving "efficient shipping". The first three of the eight principles of comprehensive review of STCW Convention are the basis of Manila Amendment.

2. The Manila Amendment retains the structure and objectives of the 1995 amendment, does not lower the existing standards, and does not modify the provisions of the Convention text, but only comprehensively reviews and amends the regulations of the Convention and the STCW Rules.

3. In a comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and STCW rules, the STW Subcommittee requires that every document or proposal that proposes amendments must clearly state which principle the amendments are based on.

4. Due to the rampant piracy, maritime safety is severely challenged. According to the eighth principle, the amendment adds new requirements for safety responsibilities.

5. Due to the development of offshore oil industry, new training requirements are put forward according to the seventh principle.

6. According to the fifth principle, the contents of the independent evaluation report are clarified and the requirements for electronic inquiry are put forward.

7. According to Principle 6, distance education and electronic education are put forward.

8. The fourth principle is the most widely used in comprehensive review, which is mainly reflected in the needs of technological development, including information technology. At the beginning of 20 10, the STW Subcommittee adopted the draft amendment to STCW Convention 20 10 at its 4th1meeting, and decided to take the implementation plan of electronic navigation strategy as a new important topic for the STW Subcommittee. Therefore, it can be said that the STW Subcommittee has realized that the development of new technologies, including information technology, will be an important direction for its future attention.

Three. What are the main amendments of Manila Amendment to STCW Convention?

After four meetings of the STW Subcommittee and two special intersessional meetings, the 4th1meeting of the STW Subcommittee held in June 20 10 basically completed the comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Rules, and formed a draft amendment to the STCW Convention and Rules. The draft amendment was held in Manila, Philippines from June 26 to 25, 2000, and was adopted at the Diplomatic Conference of the States Parties to STCW Convention. It is called Manila Amendment to STCW Convention and will come into effect from June 38, 1965 to June 2002.

1. Major amendments to Chapter 1 "General Provisions"

(1) The definitions of "competency certificate", "training certificate", "written certificate", "electronic engineer", "senior sailor on duty", "senior mechanic on duty" and "safety responsibility" were added.

Clear certificate is divided into three layers: COC, copy and written certificate.

Competency certificate refers to the certificate issued or annotated to the captain, senior crew and GMDSS radio operator according to the provisions of Chapter II, III, IV or V of this annex.

Training certificate refers to the certificate issued by seafarers, other than the certificate of competency, which shows that they meet the requirements of this convention and are qualified for relevant training II and maritime services.

A written certificate refers to a document other than a competency certificate or a training certificate, which is used to prove that it has met the relevant requirements of this Convention.

The new amendment raises the examination requirements for certificate issuance, visa and recognition, and stipulates that the certificates of competency and training issued to the captain and crew according to rules V/ 1 and V/ 1-2 can only be issued by the competent authorities.

Emphasize the necessity of electronic personnel in modern ships. In order to meet the needs of maritime transport security, mandatory training requirements for ship security should be increased.

(2) The issuance and registration of new certificates clearly stipulate the recognition of maritime service qualifications, the confirmation of training courses, the electronic inquiry of registration, and the developers of certificate registration database.

(3) In the principle of controlling inshore navigation, it is added that the contracting state should reach an agreement with the relevant contracting state on the details of the navigation area and other relevant conditions.

(4) The explicit requirements for the content of independent evaluation report have been added, and the initial information exchange (performance report), follow-up report (independent evaluation report) and qualified personnel groups have been defined.

(5) The requirements for seafarers' health standards and the issuance of health certificates are clarified. It is required that the health examination of seafarers should be completed by fully qualified and experienced medical personnel recognized by the state party; States parties shall formulate rules for the accreditation of medical personnel, register medical personnel, and provide these rules to other States parties, companies and seafarers upon request.

(6) Increased the responsibility of the company. The company shall ensure that the seafarers assigned to any ship have received the training required by this Convention to update their knowledge, and must ensure that they can have effective oral communication on the ship at any time according to the provisions of Article 3 of Chapter V 14 of SOLAS Convention.

(7) The arrangements for the transition period are clarified. The transition period is the effective date plus 5 years.

2. What are the main changes in Chapter II "Captain and Deck Department"?

(1) emphasizes the application of electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS). The requirements of using ECDIS to maintain the safety of navigation on duty (operational layer) and using ECDIS and auxiliary systems to help command and decision-making to maintain the safety of navigation (management layer) have been added.

(2) Simplify the knowledge, understanding and proficiency requirements of astronomical navigation, and advocate the use of electronic nautical almanac and astronomical navigation calculation software.

(3) increase the mandatory ability to use leadership and team work skills (operational level) and leadership and management skills (management level). Bridge resource management has become a mandatory capability standard.

(4) Increase the knowledge, understanding and proficiency requirements of marine environmental protection awareness.

(5) According to the general provisions of the ship reporting system and VTS reporting procedures, the report content is added.

(6) Increase the mandatory minimum requirements for issuing advanced watch certificate.

3. Major amendments to Chapter III "Engine Department"

(1) Delete the requirement of "at least 30 months of recognized education and training".

(2) Raise the requirement for ordinary crew members to be promoted to engineer, from "no less than 6 months' experience in engine department" revised by 1995 to "no less than 12 months' experience in metalworking practice and recognized engine service", including no less than 6 months' experience in engine room duty (under the guidance of engine engineers).

(3) increase the mandatory ability to use leadership and team work skills (operational level) and leadership and management skills (management level). Engine room resources and management have become mandatory capacity standards.

(4) Increase the mandatory minimum requirements for certification and qualification of electronic engineering technicians.

(5) The mandatory minimum requirements for the Certificate of Senior Technician on Duty have been added.

4. What are the amendments to Chapter IV "Radio Communications and Radio Operators"?

(1) This revision revised the related concepts in Chapter 4. The title of Chapter IV is changed to "Radio Communications and Radio Operators".

(two) in this chapter, "radio personnel" are modified to "radio operators".

(3) The definition of GMDSS radio operator is added in Chapter I, Rule I/ 1 (Definition and Description). ..

5. Amend Chapter V "Special Training Requirements for Some Types of Ship Crew"

(1) 1995 revised, the mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualification of oil tanker captains, officers and ratings have been greatly adjusted.

① It is decomposed by VII "Mandatory minimum requirements for training and qualification of captains, officers and ratings of oil tankers (oil tankers, chemical tankers and liquefied gas tankers)" into:

"V/ 1- 1 Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualification of captains, officers and ratings of oil tankers and chemical tankers"

"V/l-2 liquefied gas carrier captain, senior crew and general crew training and qualification mandatory minimum requirements" consists of two parts.

(2) the certificate is adjusted to five types:

Basic training certificate for cargo operation of oil tankers and chemical tankers;

Advanced training certificate for tanker cargo operation;

Advanced training certificate for cargo operation of chemical tanker;

Certificate of basic training on cargo operation of liquefied gas carrier;

Advanced training certificate for cargo operation of liquefied gas carrier.

(2) New requirements for the compulsory ability of personnel directly responsible for cargo handling, stowage, cabin washing, lightering or other cargo-related operations.

(3) The original V/2 Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Training and Qualification of Captain, Officers, Ratings and Other Personnel of Ro-Ro Ships and V/3 Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Training and Qualification of Captain, Officers, Ratings and Other Personnel of Passenger Ships Other than Ro-Ro Ships are revised into new V/2. The title of Article V/2 is amended as "Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualification of the captain, officers, ratings and other personnel of passenger ships", and the special requirements for ro-ro ships are no longer highlighted.

(4) Add the following contents to Part B:

① B-V/e Training and Qualification Guide for Captain and Pilot on Duty of Offshore Supply Ships;

② B-V/f Training and Qualification Guidance for Operators of Dynamic Positioning System;

③ B-V/g Training Guide for Captain and Senior Crew of Ships Sailing in Polar Waters.

6. What are the main amendments to Chapter VI "Emergency, Occupational Safety, Security, Medical Care and Survival Functions"?

(1) clarified the familiarity of the crew and the mandatory minimum requirements for basic safety training and training, and added new contents such as basic knowledge of marine environmental protection, effective communication on board, teamwork, understanding and taking measures to control fatigue.

(2) Safety training is divided into four categories:

(1) ship security officer training, the ship security officer must hold the ship security officer training certificate;

② Familiar with safety training;

③ Safety awareness training, all crew members must hold the Safety Awareness Training Certificate;

(4) To train the personnel with designated security duties, and the crew with designated security duties should also hold the Security Duty Training Certificate;

(3) Ways to keep the crew competent, including basic safe and skilled lifeboat operation and advanced fire fighting. , need to provide proof of maintaining ability every five years; For training projects that can be carried out on board, the competent authority may accept the training and practical experience of crew members on board. However, there is no agreement on how to maintain the ability of training activities that cannot be carried out on board.

7. Major amendments to Chapter VII "Alternative Certification"

Increased the ability standards that senior duty mechanics should meet when applying for senior duty sailors and senior duty sailors;

The certification qualification requirements of auxiliary crew members and the guidance of the special comprehensive training plan of deck department and engine department.

8. Major amendments to Chapter VIII "Duty"

(1) stipulates that the competent authority shall formulate and implement measures to ensure adequate rest time to prevent the fatigue of the personnel on duty responsible for safety, pollution prevention and security;

(2) It is stipulated that the competent authorities should formulate appropriate measures to prevent drug abuse and alcoholism.

(3) The regulations on the personnel on duty who are responsible for safety, the requirements on duty time and rest time, and the guidance on preventing drug abuse and alcoholism have been added.

(4) Changes in some laws and regulations cited in STCW Convention are also reflected in this amendment.

For example:

① Merchant Ship Search and Rescue was replaced by International Aviation and Maritime Search and Rescue;

(2) replace standard maritime terms with IMO standard maritime communication terms,

③ Replace BC rules with IMSBC rules, etc.

Fourthly, the understanding of the main amendments of Manila Amendment to STCW Convention.

1. The requirements of Manila Amendment on international standards for seafarers' certification are mainly reflected in the informationization of certification management. Therefore, it is a new requirement of Manila Amendment to International Seafarers' Certification Standards to use information technology to build the informationization and standardization of seafarers' certification management system (including health certificates).

2. The Manila Amendment revised the quantitative standard of rest time, striving to be consistent with the provisions of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, so as to ensure adequate rest time to prevent fatigue, drug abuse and alcoholism, which is an effective measure to ensure that seafarers can be on duty normally.

3. The Manila Amendment focuses on new requirements for training content, mainly including:

(1) standardizes the training and competency requirements for the crew of special-purpose ships;

(2) Four kinds of safety training and three kinds of safety certificates are defined;

(3) Strengthened requirements for knowledge, understanding and proficiency in marine environmental protection;

(4) Propose the use of electronic navigation almanac and astronomical navigation calculation software;

(5) Emphasis on team spirit, leadership and team work skills;

(6) Requirements for training and ability of electronic personnel, knowledge, understanding and proficiency of ECDIS and other marine electronic equipment have been increased.

4. Manila Amendment included BRM (Bridge Resource Management) and ERM (Engine Room Resource Management) as mandatory requirements in Part A.. BRM and ERM training includes team training to deal with various emergencies. This is an effective measure put forward by IMO under the topic of studying the influence of human factors on navigation safety.

The important role of astronomical navigation in ocean-going ship navigation is self-evident. Because of the application of GPS, astronomical positioning is no longer the only way to locate ships sailing in the ocean. However, the positioning of ships in the ocean can not only rely on satellite positioning, but also must maintain independent astronomical positioning. However, the traditional astronomical positioning calculation method using paper nautical almanac must be reformed. In today's information age, drivers can easily identify the stars by using electronic nautical almanac and astronomical navigation calculation software. After the sextant measures the celestial height, the computer can automatically give all the parameters of astronomical positioning and astronomical ship position as long as the astronomical time and the measured celestial height are input. The application of astronomical positioning software can not only simplify the method of astronomical positioning, but also help pilots to know the stars and be familiar with astronomical navigation knowledge. Pilots will be happy to use this method, and astronomical positioning will also play a role in practice, which is very beneficial to the safety of marine navigation in the long run. Although the Manila Amendment does not change the training and competency requirements of astronomical navigation at all, it only adds a paragraph "Astronomical navigation training can include the use of electronic nautical almanac and astronomical navigation calculation software" in Part B, which is also a very important amendment in Chapter II "Captain and Deck Department". Based on the important position of astronomical navigation in marine navigation, Manila Amendment adopts the suggestive guidance of progressive electronic astronomical navigation. Therefore, electronic astronomical navigation is the development direction of astronomical navigation.

6. The International Maritime Organization has fully realized the great development of navigation technology brought by new technologies, including information technology, and is currently implementing the electronic navigation strategy on a global scale. Manila Amendment is an important first step of seafarers' education and training in the implementation plan of IMO electronic navigation strategy. At the 38th meeting of STW Sub-committee in 2007, when talking about increasing the functional requirements of electronic staff for the first time, it was clearly pointed out that electronic staff were not electrical engineers or operators in the original sense. In the words of Mr. Brady, the chairman of the Subcommittee, "With the development of modern navigation technology, there should be electronic personnel on modern ships." At the meeting, some delegates also put forward a new concept of ship information technology (IT) support related to electronic personnel.

Both "electronics" and "electricity" belong to the category of "electricity", but at present "electronics" mainly deals with quantitative digital information, and its tool is computer. The principle, operation, testing and maintenance of marine electronic equipment, including fault diagnosis, are quite different from conventional electrical equipment, especially digital information collection, wireless transmission and network transmission, storage, analysis, processing and control.

Electronic personnel should master the knowledge and technology of ship electronic equipment and systems such as electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS), integrated bridge system (IBS), global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS), digital governor, engine room data detection system, electronic mainframe, ship local area network, etc.

7.STW Subcommittee has noticed the rapid development of science and technology and the change of training methods, and it is necessary to adopt different methods when revising and reviewing STCW Convention and STCW rules in the future. STW Subcommittee pointed out that frequent revision of STCW Convention and STCW rules is not beneficial to maritime authorities, shipowners, maritime education and training institutions and seafarers, and should be avoided as much as possible. STW Sub-committee suggested that STCW Convention and STCW Rules should be revised significantly and extensively every five years as far as possible, and further suggested that STCW Convention and STCW Rules should be comprehensively reviewed every 65,438+00 years, so as to adjust the contents identified as inconsistent during this period and keep pace with emerging technologies.

8. Part A of STCW Rules requires the application of ECDIS as a mandatory competency requirement for the captain and deck officers of ships equipped with ECDIS, but it does not stipulate the training and evaluation content of ECDIS, but gives some suggestions in Part B. In 2009, IMO Maritime Safety Committee adopted resolution MSC.282(86) amending SOLAS Convention, stipulating that ships are required to be equipped with ECDIS from 20/KLOC-0. The Manila Amendment's mandatory capacity requirement for ECDIS application is consistent with the amendment of SOLAS Convention. The mandatory ability requirement for ECDIS application in Manila Amendment is a forward-looking and important content of seafarers' education and training in the implementation plan of electronic navigation strategy. The relevant guidance and explanatory materials in Part B should be considered to the maximum extent, which can be used as a mandatory standard.

It must be emphasized that the existing ECDIS still has a lot of room for development, especially the integration of information such as routes, ports, meteorology and navigation warnings, which will greatly improve the functions of ECDIS. Electronic chart display and information system has become an important part of integrated bridge system. How to use such rich electronic chart information correctly, effectively and intelligently to assist the driver to navigate correctly is an important problem that the intelligent electronic chart system must solve. Intelligent electronic chart system will make a qualitative change in traditional navigation technology. As the most important navigation information platform, electronic chart system will become the core of electronic navigation technology.

9. The development achievements of modern shipbuilding technology, surveying technology, information technology and computer technology provide important scientific and technological support for the development of navigation technology, which will inevitably develop from qualitative research to quantitative research and from empirical research to scientific research. Manila Amendment to STCW Convention is mainly about the application of new technologies, including information technology, which is characterized by informationization and the key word is "electronization". The forward-looking content of Manila Amendment to STCW Convention is the implementation plan of electronic navigation strategy. With the implementation of electronic navigation strategy, navigation technology will face great changes and progress.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract

According to the arrangement of the International Maritime Organization, the next comprehensive review and revision of the STCW Convention and the STCW Rules will be carried out around 2020, so as to adjust the contents identified as inconsistent during this period and keep pace with emerging technologies. The International Maritime Organization has realized that the development of new technologies, including information technology, will be an important direction of concern in the future, and has put forward and devoted itself to the implementation plan of electronic navigation strategy. The forward-looking content of Manila Amendment to STCW Convention is to implement electronic navigation strategy, and the international standards for seafarers' training, certification and duty must adapt to the development of emerging technologies. In order to promote China's strategy of becoming a maritime power in 2020, the importance of implementing Manila Amendment to STCW Convention is obvious.

Firstly, the Chinese translation of Manila Amendment to STCW Convention should be completed, and it should be interpreted, discussed and studied in order to reach an understanding. Then, according to the requirements of Manila Amendment, the crew certification system and health certificate issuance system were revised, and new seafarers' competency examination, assessment and certification rules were formulated, and a new seafarers' competency examination outline was formulated to reflect the training and competency requirements added and revised in the amendment.

In order to implement the initiative, we must deeply understand the forward-looking content of Manila Amendment and the future development direction of STCW Convention, make the rules meet the needs of China's seafarers' current situation and the strategy of strengthening the country by seafarers, make the curriculum reform and innovation of maritime colleges truly meet the needs of the development of modern maritime technology, and truly serve the construction of a seaman team with culture, adaptability, high quality and international competitiveness. According to the development trend of modern navigation technology, we should study and formulate the implementation plan of China's navigation technology development strategy and the implementation plan of the strategy of strengthening the country by sailors as soon as possible.

The implementation of Manila Amendment to STCW Convention is an important and arduous task, which will be a milestone in the history of seafarers' development in China.

Author: Manila Amendment Interpretation Group of STCW Convention