"Only Chu is talented", from Zuo Zhuan Twenty-six Years of Xianggong: "Although Chu is talented, Jin uses it." Wei is the first auxiliary word of language, and ancient books are universal, such as the Thai oath. "Only one year, the prince attacked Yin. ! There is a couplet proudly hanging at the main entrance of Yuelu Academy, which is the center of Huxiang culture.
When Changsha entered Yuelu Academy, I saw a pair of couplets on both sides of the gate, with eight big characters: "Only Chu has information and thinks about it." This is an affirmation of the fruitful achievements of Yuelu Academy, which seems to have little to do with the talents of Chu. However, since it is said that it is a "Chu Cai", it certainly originated from the State of Chu and should have a close relationship with the talents of the State of Chu. Check all kinds of historical materials, there is no such record. "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-six Years" actually said that "although Chu has materials, Jin is practical." It seems that "only Chu has material" is transformed from "although Chu has material" and is extended by its meaning. Although there is a word difference between "although" and "just", the content is actually the same. It is said that Chu (the land) has materials, which conforms to historical facts and logical laws. Therefore, it became a conclusion and was confidently engraved into the gate of Yuelu Academy. To study history, we should not only observe its source, but also trace its source, so as to achieve the unity of history and logic. This attitude should also be adopted to study the talents trained by Yuelu Academy. Only by clarifying the problem of national talents first can we have a macro understanding of the history of talents in Chu and Jingchu (including the history of talent training in Yuelu Academy).
Chu is an outstanding person. There are many talents, including political, military, economic, ideological, scientific, cultural and other fields, and there are a number of first-class talents, even world-class talents. Therefore, Chu has many excellent talents with high taste, and can be listed in the talent hall of China and even the world. The four people named by Cai Rensheng in the twenty-sixth year of "Xianggong" in Zuo Zhuan are only the materials used by Jin in the hegemony of Jin and Chu, which are far from representing the real materials of Chu. There are leaks here. Let's give a brief introduction to some representative figures in various fields.
Politically and militarily, Chu has been in the battlefield for more than 800 years, and a large number of outstanding politicians and strategists have emerged. For example, judging the situation, Zhou became the founder of Chu Ci, which was respected as a teacher by three generations; King, created the county system, set up Lingyin and Chen Bing, and carried out a series of reforms, such as Xiongtong (Chu Wuwang) in midsummer, Du Ying in Nanding, and Beitong "going to the country" to counter Xiongzi (Chu); Later, Yun Xiong, who competed with Qi Huangong for hegemony, humiliated Song Xianggong, "strengthened the Chu Club" and ascended the hegemony of China after Qi Huangong; "Twenty-six years in the countryside, three thousand miles into the ground" and "everything in the world is in Chu", he became Xiong Lu (Chu Zhuangwang), one of the famous "five tyrants" in the history of China during the Spring and Autumn Period; Insight into the situation, all-out eastward expansion, so that Chu can still enter Zhang Xiong (Wang Hui, Chu), one of the "seven heroes" of the Warring States period, with the majestic posture of a big country; Boldly reuse the foreigner Wu Qi to preside over the political reform, "the south has not survived, so there is a blue sky in the Dongting", which revived Chu and strengthened Xiong Yi (the king of Chu); From Sui and northern Sui to Surabaya, from Bashu in the west to wuyue in the east, Chu became a great country, with Fu Liang (Chu Xuanwang) as its hero and Chu Weiwang as its merchant. These monarchs (kings) are all important figures in the history of China. They have made great contributions to the historical process of Chu and China and to the integration and formation of the Chinese nation. Their achievements are immortal. They can be called geniuses and generalists, and they are the precious heritage of the Chinese nation. Of course, under the governance of these monarchs (kings), there are also many talents who lead the country, such as Dou and Sun Shuaihe. Besides, three great talents should be mentioned, namely, Wu Zixu, Fan Li and Reese. Wu Zixu, Hou Zhongchu. Because King Chu Ping was in a coma, Wu Zixu escaped with grievances, and later helped Wu attack Chu, thus committing crimes against his own nation. This is an indelible stain left by Wu Zixu's narrow revenge mentality, which should be condemned. However, he helped Wu develop rapidly and become strong. From the historical trend, it is conducive to the development of the southeast region and the reunification of the motherland. Moreover, he is also a strategist, and Sun Tzu's Art of War is the crystallization of his military thoughts, of course it belongs to the State of Chu. Therefore, Wu Zixu is an influential politician and strategist in the history of China, and should be regarded as a good material for the State of Chu. After entering Vietnam, he first endured humiliation for Vietnam for two years in Wu Zuoren, and then returned to Vietnam to help Gou Jian revive and finally destroy Wu. When you are done, you will retire from the torrent and "go into the sea" to do business until you die. He is also a thinker, financier and a rare treasure of Chu. Li Si, a student of Xunzi, became an official in Qin after Chu Xuecheng. He proposed to the State of Qin to destroy the six countries and unify the world, advocated abolishing the enfeoffment system, establishing counties, burning poems and books, seeking private studies, and governing the country according to law, which made great contributions to the unification of Zheng (the first emperor). Although these three men were used by Wu, Yue and Qin, they all made great achievements in foreign countries, gave full play to their talents and made indelible contributions to the development and progress of China's history. They are all genuine "Chu materials", and the Chu people must not be excluded.
In the economic and scientific fields, it is said that Zhu Rong, the ancestor of Chu, was a great scientist who watched the fire and gave time during the period of Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Sun Shao, Su Yan, Gan Gong, Tang Muwei and others have made outstanding contributions in the fields of economy and science. Sun Shuai 'ao is not only a politician, but also a water conservancy expert and scientist. He initiated the Jiubeichi Water Conservancy Project, first of all, built dikes for the great river and formed an irrigation network in the north and south of Chu. Celebrate the beauty of heaven and earth, reap the benefits of nine rivers, and make the country rich in folk music (Sun Shuai Monument). He paid attention to science and technology. When building Yicheng (now Zhengyang, Henan Province), he sent specific organizers to calculate the project, time, personnel, materials and food, and worked out a plan for specific scientific, which was successfully completed in full accordance with this plan. Sima Su Yan, King of Chu Kang, was ordered to rectify the military tax and plan armaments. This was the earliest military tax system reform in the history of our country, which was called "Su Yan Fu" in history. Su Yan's Fu is to inspect nine different fields in China, and then according to the standard of Jing Tian system, "measure the amount to repair Fu, give the car to the horse, and give the number of armored soldiers, apprentices and armored soldiers" (Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-five Years of "xianggong"). The nine kinds of farmland he investigated accurately reflected the topography of the mountainous areas of Chu, and it still looks amazing today, which proves how pragmatic and rigorous politician and scientist Su Yan is. Neither Gan Gong nor Tom is civilized. Gan Gong, the Historical Records refers to Qi people, Lu people and Chu people, and he wrote Tian Wen Hang Zhan in eight volumes. Tang Muwei is also a famous astronomer. Chu people have made outstanding achievements in mathematics. For example, the Calculations unearthed from Zhangjiashan Tomb in Jiangling in the early Han Dynasty is a mathematical work left by Chu people. The smelting and manufacturing of Chu's ironware and bronzes should condense the painstaking efforts of many skilled craftsmen and famous artists, and fully demonstrate their exquisite skills. Unfortunately, they were unknown and became a talented anonymous group.
In the field of philosophical thought, the pre-Qin period was the most active, and in the Warring States period, there was a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contend". The so-called hundred schools, the most important are Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, law, Yin and Yang, farmhouse music, military strategist and military strategist. In these schools, Chu people are either the main spokesmen or the founders. The founder of Taoist school is Lao Zi, a sage of Chu State, and there are many successors. In the middle of the Warring States Period, Zhuangzi, a Chu man, inherited and developed Laozi's theory, and was a representative figure of Taoism in the Warring States Period. Laozi and Zhuangzi also said that they should become a complete philosophical system and enter the hall of the history of world philosophy (for example, Hegel thought that Laozi was the spiritual representative of the ancient eastern world). Another family, Lao Laizi, was still very poor at that time and once taught Confucius how to be a monarch. At the end of the Warring States period, the book Bird's Tube was written by Gou Niaozi, which took Taoism as the main body and adopted the thoughts of legalists and military strategists, which was another development of Taoism. Although the school of Confucianism was not created by Chu people, there were eight schools of Confucianism after Confucius, among which Sun Shi's Confucianism was created by Xunzi. Although Xunzi was a Qi man, he lived in Chu for nearly 20 years and was an official of Chu Lanling. His works were completed in the state of Chu. When he was infiltrated by Chu people's ideology and culture, he was inspired by Chu people's extensive experience and openness and tolerance, so he criticized and absorbed all the thoughts of the North and the South, and began a great integration of pre-Qin thoughts and became a great thinker in the pre-Qin period. Xunzi's achievement was completed in Chu, and Xunzi is a good material for Chu. Legalists flourished in Sanjin, and Chu also provided a stage for legalists to practice. For example, Wu Qi, a famous legalist, reformed in Chu, which fully demonstrated his thoughts and talents. Later legalists Han Fei and Li Sitong were both students of Xunzi. Han Fei became a master of legalism, while Li Si became a great genius of Qin Dynasty and the right-hand man of Qin Shihuang's great cause of reunification. All countries have military strategists, and Chu military commanders come forth in large numbers. As one of the "five tyrants" in the Spring and Autumn Period and "seven heroes" in the Warring States Period, how can Chu be without a military commander? Unfortunately, their military practice did not leave a systematic summary, so it is difficult to get a glimpse of their ideological brilliance. However, Wu Zixu and Fan Li can be regarded as authentic military strategists. The Shennong theory advocated by farmers represented by Xu's behavior is an enduring ideological essence bred in the land of Chu. He advocated "cultivating both the monarch and the people" and "the market is not as good as the market", demanding "equality" in society, which won the hearts of the people, so that Confucian disciples also abandoned Confucianism and turned to Xu behaviorism. Xu Xing spoke on behalf of farmers' interests, and his thoughts had a far-reaching influence in the history of China. Xu Xing is a model for Chu people to persist in carrying forward Chu people's ideological tradition. Although Mohism was not created by Chu people, after Mozi, there were three schools of Mohism, among which the representative figure of Nanmo was Chu people Deng, who was called Deng Mo in history. Mohism is regarded as a prominent school in the pre-Qin period, representing the interests of small producers and emerging landlords, with distinct class nature and times. One of the ancestors or founders of strategists was Guiguzi, a Chu man, who was called Mr. Guiguzi in history. According to historical records, Zhang Yi and Su Qin, famous military strategists in the Warring States period, were all students of Mr. Gui Gu. Guiguzi, written by him, was a good textbook for diplomacy, psychology and tackling key problems at that time. When it comes to lobbying skills and strategies of "chuai", "mo", "power" and "stratagem", it contains rich dialectical thoughts. Yin-yang school advocates the theory of yin-yang and five elements, and explains natural and social phenomena with the concept of yin-yang and five elements. Although full of superstition, it also contains certain dialectical factors. At the end of the Warring States Period, Nan Gong, a Chu Yin Yang family, wrote 21 articles, which can be described as a master of Yin Yang family. When Qin destroyed Chu, Nan Gong said, "Although there are three Chu clans, Qin will be destroyed." Only ten years later, Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the Chu people, rose up, and then Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty and established a new Han Dynasty. This Nan Gong knows the social development situation very well, and his prediction is full of dialectics, which is a historical story.
In the field of literature and art, "Chu Cai" is outstanding, well-known and well-known. Chu's literary achievements are brilliant, mainly in prose and poetry. As Zhuangzi is the representative of prose and Li Sao of Qu Yuan is the representative of poetry, these two schools are collectively called Zhuang Sao. As pointed out earlier, Zhuangzi inherited and developed Laozi's theory and was a famous philosopher and thinker after Laozi. He is also a master of prose and a literary theorist, enjoying a lofty position in the history of China literature. Qu Yuan is the main writer of Chu Ci, and Li Sao is his masterpiece. Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Jing Qiong, etc. They are all out-and-out Chu people, poets who grew up under the influence and education of Chu State and Chu culture. Qu Yuan is not only a poet, but also a thinker. His essentialism and historical view shine with materialism and have a far-reaching influence on later generations. His name has been included in the ranks of world cultural celebrities and admired by people all over the world. We Jingchu people feel infinite glory and pride for having such a great man. Chu's art is developed, and his achievements, whether in calligraphy, painting, music or dance, are universally recognized. Among them, Zhong Ziqi, a musician with profound attainments, and Boya, a piano player, have reached a high artistic level and are still talked about by people.
After the death of Chu, the talents of Chu will remain immortal. As we know, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chu was divided into three parts, covering the vast areas of Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangdong and Huxiang, accounting for almost half of China. For example, judging from this vast area, "Chu Cai" accounts for almost half of China in historical records and numerous textual research. It should be pointed out that the western Chu and the eastern Chu in the "Three Chu" are basically the result of the expansion of Chu, and their hinterland is Jianghan area centered on Jingzhou and the adjacent Huxiang area, which is the so-called southern Chu in the "Three Chu". Judging from these two areas, there are also an amazing number of "Chu materials". Whether in Hubei or Hunan, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, modern times and even modern times, the first-class talents from generation to generation are simply dazzling and amazing. Think about it a little, Jingchu has always had academic research centers and talent groups, such as Jingzhou School in the late Han Dynasty, Huxiang School in the Song Dynasty and Public Security School (literature) in the Ming Dynasty. After the late Qing Dynasty and modern times, with the intensification of ethnic and class contradictions, Jingchu scholars took the national destiny as their own responsibility and actively devoted themselves to learning from the West and Russia, forming a grand talent group in the Westernization Movement and the democratic revolution. If calculated by individuals, there are countless people since the Qin and Han Dynasties. There are outstanding talents, rare materials, great talents and even powerful figures in politics, economy, military affairs, ideology, culture and other fields, which have had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's history. Judging from the talents trained by Yuelu Academy, its achievements are also amazing. According to the relevant information of Yuelu Academy, Yuelu Academy was founded in 976 (the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty), which was founded on the basis of running a school by Zhirui, a high-ranking monk in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. By 1903 (the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty), it had a history of almost one thousand years. During this period, famous scholars Zhang Jin, Zhu and others gave lectures here and trained many talents. It was only in the period of violent turmoil and change from the late Qing Dynasty to modern times that a large number of outstanding thinkers, politicians and diplomats such as Tao Shu, Wei Yuan, Zuo, Zeng Guofan and Guo Songtao were created. If we include the modern and contemporary, it will be even more brilliant and admirable.
We know that man is the main body of culture. The ancestors of the State of Chu established the State of Chu and created a dazzling and profound Chu culture. As a form of political power, Chu has disappeared, but its culture has been destroyed for hundreds of generations and will never disappear. This is why "Chu Cai" has been passed down from generation to generation, and each generation is stronger than the next.
Of course, talents are not simply cultivated, but are cast by the interaction of many factors such as respecting natural traditions, cultivating educational leaders and subjective efforts. "Brilliance" is a historical phenomenon. It is of historical and practical significance to study the formation, historical function and brain drain of Chu materials.