Identify risk factors within the company, conduct risk assessment, determine unbearable risks, formulate effective risk control procedures, and realize safety control throughout the process.
application area
This system is suitable for hazard identification, evaluation and control activities within the company.
Terms and definitions of risk factors
Risk factors refer to factors that can cause casualties or sudden damage to articles.
Harmful factors refer to factors that can affect people's health, cause diseases or cause chronic damage to things.
Generally, the two are collectively referred to as hazard factors indiscriminately, which explain the causes of accidents, that is, the defects in people, materials, environment and management. Harm is the "root cause or state" of accidents.
Hazard source
Refers to the source or state that may lead to death, injury, occupational disease, property loss or other losses.
Hazard identification
Refers to the process of identifying when, why and how a danger occurs. The two key tasks of hazard identification are to identify specific unexpected consequences that may occur; Identify the characteristics of materials, systems, processes and equipment that lead to these consequences.
risk assessment
Using system engineering method, the possible risks and possible consequences of proposed or existing projects and systems are comprehensively evaluated and predicted, and corresponding risk control measures are put forward according to possible accident risks, so as to realize the safety process of projects and systems.
accident
An accident that causes death, injury, occupational disease, property loss or other losses.
Responsible general manager
Responsible for organizing and leading the company's hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control planning, and providing the resources needed for major hazard control.
The Safety & Environmental Protection Department is responsible for hazard identification, risk assessment and control plan formulation of major risk factors. Supervise and manage the implementation of the unbearable risk control plan. Responsible for environmental pollution hazard identification and risk assessment. Responsible for the management and control plan of unbearable risks of environmental pollution. The production technology department is responsible for organizing hazard identification and risk assessment of production processes and engineering projects. Responsible for the project management of unbearable risk management projects in production technology and engineering projects. According to the requirements of "three simultaneities", the occupational safety and health facilities for preventing industrial accidents and occupational diseases should be designed, constructed, put into production and use at the same time as the main project. Responsible for organizing hazard identification and risk assessment of electromechanical equipment and facilities. Responsible for the project management of the unbearable risk management project of mechanical and electrical equipment and facilities. Finance Department
Responsible for paying the expenses required for unbearable risk management and ensuring that the funds are earmarked.
The workshop is responsible for hazard identification and risk assessment within the operation scope of the unit. Responsible for the project management of unbearable risk management projects within the business scope. Implement the risk factor control plan evaluated by the unit. Organization of hazard identification and risk assessment of the leading group of the company's hazard identification and risk assessment procedures
Team leader: deputy general manager in charge of safety.
Deputy Head: Minister of Safety and Environmental Protection
Members: directors of departments and offices, workshop directors.
Professional group for hazard identification and risk assessment
Hazard identification and risk assessment professional group is divided into safety professional group; Production technology professional group, motor energy professional group:
The head of the hazard identification and risk assessment team of safety specialty is concurrently appointed by the Minister of Safety and Environmental Protection, and the deputy head is concurrently appointed by the safety and environmental protection supervisor. The leader of the hazard source identification and risk assessment team for production technology and engineering projects is the minister of production technology, and the deputy leader is the vice minister of production technology. The leader of the hazard identification and risk assessment team of mechanical and electrical equipment and facilities is the minister of production technology, and the deputy leader is the person in charge of mechanical and electrical equipment of production technology. Members of professional group: safety technical management personnel, production technical management personnel, mechanical and electrical equipment technical management personnel and environmental protection technical management personnel. Workshop hazard identification and risk assessment professional group
Team leader: workshop director
Deputy leader: Deputy director in charge of workshop safety.
Members: safety officer, equipment technician, production technician and team leader.
Requirements for hazard identification and risk assessment personnel: personnel with safety management experience or related professional titles; Have rich on-site construction experience and analytical and expressive skills; Key personnel should have received professional training. Generally speaking, activities can be divided into the following categories: according to the stages of production (work) process; By geographical region; According to the production equipment; According to the task; A combination of the above methods. Collect relevant information, including: task: implementation location, duration, personnel, implementation frequency, etc. Equipment: machinery, equipment and tools that may be used and their instructions for use; Materials: materials used or encountered and their physical forms (smoke, steam, liquid, powder, solid) and chemical properties; On-site control methods: operating rules, safety rules, operating procedures and work instructions, employees' abilities and related training, and on-site safety control facilities; Manual operation: the size, shape, weight and surface characteristics of materials that can be moved by hand, as well as the distance and height of moving materials by hand; Data: monitoring data of operation activities and working environment; Accident: accident experience related to this work activity; Site working environment (conditions): space, height, temperature, humidity, safety protection facilities, etc. Hazard classification basis for hazard factor identification: laws and regulations (hazard degree classification of occupational exposure to poisons (GB 5044-85) and toxic operation classification (GB12331-90+0-90), etc. ); The degree, scale and casualties of the accident; Frequency of accidents; The degree of concern of interested parties; Amount of property loss; Reduce the difficulty of risk. Classification of risk factors
Classify hazards according to the direct cause of accidents. It is divided into four aspects: unsafe behavior of people, unsafe state of things, environmental defects and management defects.
Unsafe behaviors of people: misoperation, neglect of safety and warning; Cause the safety device to fail; Using unsafe equipment; Hands work instead of tools; Articles (refers to finished products, semi-finished products, materials, tools, chips, production supplies, etc.). ) improper storage; Adventure into a dangerous place; Climbing in unsafe places (such as platform guardrail, car fender, crane hook); Work and stay under the suspended object; Refueling, repair, inspection, adjustment, welding, cleaning, etc. when the machine is running; Have distracting behavior; Ignore the use of personal protective equipment and appliances in operations or occasions where it is necessary to use them; Unsafe clothing; Improper handling of inflammable, explosive and other dangerous goods; Misoperation; Other unsafe behaviors. Unsafe state of things: defective equipment, facilities, tools and accessories; Lack or defect of protection, safety and signaling devices. Environmental defects: defects in the workplace; The working environment is not good. Management defects: lack of system; There are defects in institutional setup and staffing; There are defects in safety training, education and evaluation; Insufficient investment in safety; Supervision and daily inspection; The emergency rescue is flawed. Accident classification
According to the Classification of Casualty Accidents of Company Employees (GB 644 1-86), it is mainly divided into 20 categories, including object strike, vehicle injury, mechanical injury, lifting injury, electric shock, drowning, burning, fire, falling from a height, collapse, roof caving, water seepage, blasting, gunpowder explosion, gas explosion, boiler explosion and container explosion.
The job site aspects of hazard identification mainly include the whole process of operation, working environment, labor protection articles and occupational health, and these aspects are integrated into each post or type of work, with "type of work" as the carrier and throughout the whole process of operation; It is mainly reflected in the injuries that people of each type of work may suffer in every step after work, before work, before work, during work and after work. Production process: design: safety pre-evaluation, three simultaneities, design documents and drawings; Production technology: production technology is suitable for production conditions; Consider the impact of special disasters; Equipment and facilities are matched with each other and meet the process requirements; All processes cooperate with each other to meet the production requirements; The sequence and mode of production operations are suitable for the current production situation; The production and business operation scope is within the scope specified in the work permit. Production guarantee system: traffic lines, power supply and distribution, waterproof and drainage, fire prevention and maintenance, etc. Change management: change management system, changed system documents, personnel changes, etc. Equipment and facilities: whole process control: planning, purchasing, installation (construction), debugging, acceptance, use, maintenance and scrapping; Original technical data and drawings; Maintenance; Inspection: special equipment, safety sign products and special facilities. Hazard identification method
According to the company's production characteristics and management forms, the following methods are mainly used for hazard identification:
Inquiry and communication methods; Expert analysis method; Field observation method; Access to records; Task analysis method; Safety checklist method; Risk assessment method of working conditions.
Mainly in the form of interviews and team meetings, members of the working group will ask employees and communicate with them, so as to understand all kinds of injuries that employees may suffer during the operation and their reasons.
Identification and evaluation procedures
Hazard identification and risk assessment shall include the following processes:
Prepare; Hazard identification; Conditions for turning danger into risk; Quantify risk results; Divide the risk level. The following factors should be considered in the identification and evaluation: In the risk evaluation of poisoning suffocation, possible reasons should be considered, including: harmful gas gathering area, poor ventilation and fire impact. In flood risk assessment, different possible water inrush sources should be considered, including: groundwater; Surface water; Rain and snow melt. Should fire risk assessment consider different possible fire types, including solid material fire, liquid or liquefied solid fire, gas or liquefied gas leakage fire and dust explosion fire? In the risk assessment of mechanical injury, different possible reasons should be considered, including: puncturing machinery; Shovel loading machinery; Transport machinery; Dumping machinery; Crushing machinery; Drainage machinery; Air compressor; Supporting machinery. In the risk assessment of accident explosion, we should consider: fuel oil; Boiler. When evaluating the risks of mobile equipment and traffic, factors such as procurement, maintenance, inspection, natural environment, characteristics, route and timeliness of transportation materials should be considered. When evaluating the risk of key equipment, its reliability, safety and economy should be considered. When investigating ergonomics, it should include: repetitive motion, use of power tools, working posture, seat comfort, environmental conditions and accessibility. Whether the following factors are considered when identifying psychological hazards: work factors, human factors and personal living environment factors. Emergency lighting equipment, lighting time, visibility and lighting source arrangement should be considered in the lighting measurement process. The proportion of exposure to identified hazards in physics, chemistry, biology and ergonomics that may lead to serious health risks should be quantitatively monitored. Consideration should be given to whether the monitoring of occupational hazards conforms to laws, regulations and other requirements and proportions. The proportion of periodic calibration of occupational hazard monitoring equipment should be considered. Consistency, auditability and continuity of risk status should be considered. Risk assessment method LEC assessment method:
LEC method uses the product of three indicators related to the system risk rate to evaluate the casualty risk of system personnel. These three factors are:
L- the possibility of accidents;
E- the frequency of human exposure to dangerous environment;
C—— Consequences of loss at the time of the accident.
Risk value D = consequence L× exposure E× possibility c
Initial Risk Assessment All new processes and projects must be subject to initial risk assessment. The initial risk assessment process should be considered comprehensively: production process risk; Risk of harmful substances; Risks of equipment and facilities; Environmental risks; Occupational health risks; Managing risks; Requirements of laws, regulations and standards; Views of interested parties.
The initial risk assessment results of 5.4.3.3 should include a description of the possible occurrence process and risk level of various risks, and rank them according to their risks.
The initial risk assessment results of 5.4.3.4 are documented, and each unit shall conduct risk classification management according to the initial risk assessment results.
Continuous risk assessment Each workshop should carry out continuous risk assessment and deal with major risks in time. The common methods of continuous risk assessment include: inspection before use; Plan task observation; Equipment inspection; Pre-work hazard prediction; Handover inspection; Regular safety inspection and regular maintenance; Evaluation of safety standardization system. Risk assessment plan According to the characteristics of production, the following risk assessment plans should be made: risk assessment of smelting operation; Engineering geological risk assessment; Risk assessment of equipment and facilities; Occupational health risk assessment; Transportation risk assessment; Risk assessment of hazardous materials; Fire risk assessment; Flood risk assessment; Emergency risk assessment. The risk assessment plan must be equipped with corresponding resources. risk assessment
According to the completed preliminary risk assessment results, the Safety and Environmental Protection Department verifies the risk assessment results summarized by each workshop, and further completes other assessment work.
Verify the completed risk assessment: verify whether the types of work listed in each workshop are comprehensive, whether the main equipment and facilities are all included, whether the process flow is in line with the actual situation, and whether the evaluation of each functional department is accurate; Verify whether the operation process of each type of work in the operation process evaluation table is organized and whether there is a gap; Verify whether the LEC method used in the evaluation is in line with the actual situation and accurate, and verify whether the determined risk level is accurate; Verify whether the determined unbearable risks are accurate; Verify whether the proposed risk control measures are feasible and reasonable. Audit the following three aspects: obtain and identify applicable laws, regulations and other requirements, collect laws, regulations and safety operation procedures of various departments and workshops, and audit whether they are sound, effective and implemented in place, that is, compliance, enforceability and effectiveness; Analyze and summarize past accidents, collect data of past accidents and incidents, and make classified summary, statistics, analysis and summary; Review the existing rules and regulations, documents, institutions and responsibilities, and whether they are sound, effective and implemented, and whether the safety responsibilities are clear. Hazard identification and risk assessment of new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the implementation guidelines, and reference may be made to the pre-evaluation report of labor safety and health proposed by qualified institutions recognized by government units.
5.4.7 Determination of risk level: LEC evaluation method is used to evaluate the following risk levels.
Grade 5: above 320, the risk is very high and extremely dangerous, and it is impossible to continue the operation. Consider giving up and stopping this operation.
Level 4: 160 to 320, which belongs to high risk and high danger and needs immediate rectification and correction.
Grade III: 70 to 160, with moderate risk and obvious danger, which needs to be rectified.
Level 2: 20 to 70, this is a possible risk, which is generally dangerous and needs attention.
Level 1: below 20, it is an acceptable risk, a slight danger and an acceptable tolerance range.
Risk control measures If the risk level of risk classification management is level 4 or above, it will be designated as the company's key task, key equipment or key process, and the production technology department and the safety and environmental protection department will organize the management units to formulate on-site safety measures; If the degree of danger reaches Grade III, it is defined as the key task, key equipment or key process of the workshop, and the competent leader of the workshop shall organize the production and safety-related offices of the workshop to formulate safety measures on the spot; If the operation risk reaches Grade II, the workshop or team shall organize the safety technical management personnel of the unit to formulate safety measures as the key task of the workshop or team. Risk control plan
Risk control mainly adopts one or a combination of the following measures:
A-formulate objectives, indicators and management plans; (For example: technical transformation, installation of hardware facilities)
B- formulate safety rules and regulations;
C- formulate emergency plan and response;
D—— Work out the operation instructions for key tasks;
E- implement the working ticket system;
F—— Implement the examination and approval system for hazardous operations;
G- prepare safety operation procedures;
H—— Make safety checklist (daily and special);
I. Strengthening training and education;
J- maintain the existing measures.
The Safety and Environmental Protection Department supervises and coordinates all departments, offices and workshops to effectively control major risks; Supervise and evaluate the effectiveness of risk control in all departments and workshops. According to the internal and external conditions of the year, the workshop conducts hazard identification and hazard evaluation on the management and production activities of the unit once a year, and reports the results of identification and hazard evaluation to the Safety and Environmental Protection Department. Each unit shall summarize its risk level, key tasks, key equipment, key processes and various risk control measures according to the risk assessment results. The production workshop and the Safety and Environmental Protection Department shall formulate corresponding risk control measures according to the results of hazard identification and risk assessment, so as to achieve effective control. The determination of risk control measures should follow the following principles: elimination; Substitution; Engineering control and isolation; Management measures; Personal protection. When there is a contradiction between employee safety and health and property protection, priority should be given to measures to ensure employee safety and health. Major risk control measures shall be implemented in accordance with the system of monitoring major hazard sources and rectification of major hidden dangers. Major risk control in the operation process shall be implemented in accordance with the operation management system of safety standardization system. Risk control of equipment and facilities shall be implemented in accordance with Equipment and Facilities Management System. Process risk control shall be carried out in accordance with the process management system and related production guarantee system management system. Occupational hazard risk control measures shall be implemented in accordance with Occupational Hazard Control System. Hazardous operations or operations in hazardous areas shall be carried out in accordance with the permit operation management system. Seriously implement the examination and approval system for hazardous operations and the working ticket system. Risk control of suppliers and contractors shall be implemented in accordance with supplier management system and contractor management system. Risk control in the management process shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant systems of safety standardization system. Hazard identification and risk assessment update: The Safety and Environmental Protection Department organizes relevant units to reconfirm the company's hazard sources, risk assessment results and risk control measures in March every year, and update them in time if there are any changes. The HSE Department shall regularly review hazard identification and risk assessment. Take corresponding control measures according to the results of hazard identification, risk assessment and update. The person in charge of the construction unit shall organize hazard identification for new construction projects and fill in the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Form.
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