In order to fully implement the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to "run special education well", the newly revised Regulations on Education for the Disabled and the second special education promotion plan (20 17-2020) have been issued this year. How to implement the policies and regulations of these two countries, further accelerate the reform and development of special education, and create a new situation in China's special education is a special concern of the current educational circles.
20 14,6543818, the general office of the State Council forwarded the "special education promotion plan" (20 14-20 16), which clarified the objectives and tasks of the development of special education in China in the near future, pointed out the development direction of special education, and made great contributions to the national special education in the next three years. The first special education promotion plan is the document that most clearly introduces the general idea and promotion strategy of China's special education development since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and it is an important measure to implement the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020).
Since the implementation of the Special Education Promotion Plan (20 14-20 16), the Ministry of Education, together with relevant departments, has conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, increased support for special education, and guided all localities to fully complete the tasks of the first-phase promotion plan. The practice in the past three years shows that the implementation of the first phase of the promotion plan has achieved fruitful results, achieved the expected overall goal and completed three key tasks: First, the number of disabled children and adolescents receiving compulsory education has increased significantly. From 20 13 to 20 16, the number of special schools increased from 1933 to 2080, and the number of students receiving special education at school increased from 36.8. Second, the concept of modern special education was initially established, and the understanding of "running special education well" was formed. More than 150 local documents have been issued in 37 national special education reform pilot zones, and certain rules and regulations for the development of special education have been established, forming a working pattern in which the government is in charge and the departments cooperate. Third, the development of special education has been highly valued and strongly supported by local governments, and governments at all levels have greatly increased their capital investment. Whether it is a special school or an ordinary school that implements integrated education, the conditions for running schools have been significantly improved. Fourth, in accordance with the standards for special education teachers promulgated by the Ministry of Education, the construction of teachers and the training of professionals have been strengthened, and the special education allowance for special teachers has been basically implemented; Fifth, attach importance to the connotation development of special education, and improve the quality of education and teaching by implementing the published curriculum standards for compulsory education in three types of special schools; Sixth, strengthen the top-level design, establish and improve the information platform for regional special education, comprehensively promote the construction of the support and guarantee system for regional special education, and begin to form a support and guarantee system for special education with reasonable layout, connection of study sections, integration of general education and vocational education, "combination of medical education and education" and delivery to the door.
However, due to China's vast territory, large population, weak foundation and unbalanced regional development, there are still some problems that need to be further solved, mainly because the responsibilities of governments at all levels in developing special education, promoting the integration of general education, establishing a long-term mechanism for capital investment, weak professional strength and special education evaluation and supervision have not been fully put in place, and need to be further solved through the implementation of the second phase of the promotion plan.
The second special education promotion plan clearly expounds the connection and progressive relationship between the two special education promotion plans, and emphasizes the improvement of the special education system, rehabilitation service system, special education development support guarantee system and operation mechanism. Compared with the first special education promotion plan, the second special education promotion plan adds four basic principles to the development of special education: first, adhere to overall planning and combine Pute with others; Second, adhere to respect for differences and diversified development; Third, adhere to universal preferential treatment and special education; Fourth, it is often led by the government and participated by many parties. These four basic principles of developing special education in China more clearly reflect the development direction of modern special education, such as integrated education, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, special education and government-led.
Taking this as the general tone, the overall goal of the development of special education in the next four years emphasizes comprehensively improving the popularization level of all kinds of special education, comprehensively enhancing the support and guarantee ability and comprehensively improving the quality of education. Among them, the enrollment rate of compulsory education for disabled children and adolescents is required to increase from more than 90% in the first phase to more than 95%, and the scale of special education in non-compulsory education is required to be significantly expanded. It is worth pointing out that the three key tasks in the second stage of the promotion plan have made obvious progress compared with the first stage: first, from improving the popularization level to perfecting the special education system; Second, from strengthening the guarantee of conditions to improving the guarantee ability of special education; Third, from improving the quality of education and teaching to emphasizing improving the quality of special education.
The second special education promotion plan puts forward six main measures: first, improve the popularization level of compulsory education, accurately verify the data of school-age children and adolescents who are not enrolled in school, and implement "one person, one case" in different categories, so that the enrollment rate of disabled children and adolescents in compulsory education will reach over 95%; Second, accelerate the non-compulsory education stage, including preschool stage, high school and secondary vocational education stage and higher education stage, strengthen vocational guidance, and carry out literacy work for disabled teenagers in various forms; The third is to improve the investment mechanism of special education funds, which requires that on the basis of the public budget of 6,000 yuan per student in special education schools in the compulsory education stage, the annual budget should be appropriately increased according to the actual situation of recruiting children with severe disabilities and multiple disabilities, and special subsidy funds for special education should be established; Fourth, improve the professional support system for special education, including setting up an expert committee on education for the disabled, improving the admission evaluation mechanism for disabled children, establishing a special education resource center, and strengthening cooperation, information exchange and sharing of educational resources among schools, families and society. Fifth, strengthen the construction of specialized special education teams, increase the enrollment of special education majors and the training of professional talents, support qualified universities to strengthen the training of special education teachers and teachers at all levels in pre-school, high school and vocational education, formulate staffing standards for special schools, implement wage-tilting policies such as special education allowances, and improve the working and living environment of special education teachers; Sixth, vigorously promote the teaching reform of special education courses, compile teaching materials for all subjects according to the newly published Curriculum Standards for Schools for the Blind and Deaf-mute at the end of 20 16, develop curriculum guides for students with multiple disabilities and autism, strengthen the construction of curriculum resources for preschool, high school and vocational education, implement differentiated education and individualized teaching, explore an examination evaluation system suitable for the development of disabled students, and ensure the scientificity, standardization and independence of evaluation.
The newly revised Regulations on Education for the Disabled have been revised and passed at the 16 1 year1October executive meeting in the State Council, and will be implemented in May of 20 1 year. The newly revised Regulations on Education for the Disabled have been greatly revised and supplemented on the basis of the Regulations on Education for the Disabled promulgated by 1994. Judging from the legislative basis, guiding ideology and authority of laws and regulations, the newly revised Regulations on Education for the Disabled further embodies the legislative spirit of China's education law, compulsory education law and relevant national education laws and regulations, and is the most comprehensive and specific special law guiding the development of China's education for the disabled and special education. The implementation of the newly revised Regulations on Education for the Disabled will promote the connotation development of special education in China and deepen the reform of general education.
First of all, the development of special education should be included in the comprehensive education reform, the national top-level design should be further strengthened, the management mechanism of separation of education management departments at all levels should be straightened out, the problems of regular learning and integrated education and a series of obstacles to the development of special education should be solved through the general education reform, and the evaluation and supervision of special education and general education should be implemented as a whole.
Secondly, around the central task of improving the popularization level of compulsory education for disabled children, the second special education promotion plan will be implemented. From the goal of 90% enrollment rate of compulsory education for three types of disabled children and adolescents determined in the first phase of the promotion plan to the goal of 95% enrollment rate of compulsory education for all types of disabled children and adolescents determined in the second phase of the promotion plan, not only the index value has been improved, but also the popularization targets have been expanded, especially for a considerable number of severely disabled and multiple disabled children. The difficulty of education has obviously increased, and the task of popularization is quite arduous. Therefore, we should still take improving the popularization level of compulsory education for disabled children as the top priority in implementing the second-stage promotion plan.
Thirdly, starting from the reality of the development of special education in China, we should adhere to the development model of taking regular classes as the main body, taking special education schools as the backbone, and taking home school education and distance education as supplements. At the same time, in the process of special school transformation, we should do a good job in the functional transformation of special schools, and we should not easily cancel or weaken the special education function of special schools and drown out the advantages of relatively concentrated special education resources.
Fourthly, accurate supervision is carried out from five aspects: declaration, screening, identification, placement, education and improvement of teaching quality, and the integrated education in compulsory education stage is extended to early integrated education, high school vocational education and higher education.
Fifth, in accordance with the requirements of Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education in Three Types of Special Education Schools and Professional Standards for Special Education Teachers, improve the quality of special education, and effectively solve the problems that seriously affect special education, such as imbalance between teachers and students, lack of teachers and weak professional strength.
Sixth, from the perspective of Pute integration, we should strengthen the top-level design and unified supervision, deepen the reform of ordinary schools and special schools, speed up the functional adjustment of interconnection, give play to the complementary role of quality education, create a good educational environment, and help ordinary children and special children grow up in a civilized environment of mutual respect, difference recognition, self-esteem and self-confidence, and mutual help, thus forming a win-win effect of Pute integration.
In short, we should conscientiously implement the newly revised Regulations on Education for the Disabled, grasp the second special education promotion plan with a pragmatic attitude, focus on disabled education, strive to meet the development needs of disabled children and adolescents, promote the development of special education in China, and make greater contributions to human science, civilization and progress.