2. Foreign trade e-commerce: B2B mode of foreign trade: that is, conducting international trade in the form of B2B. Typical B2B platforms are: Alibaba, China Manufacturing Network, global sources and ECVV. This model is relatively mature, and it is also one of the ways that enterprises adopt more in foreign trade e-commerce. This model is characterized by relatively high input cost, large inquiry volume and concentrated buyers.
3. Comprehensive foreign trade service platform: refers to the integration of various services and then unified delivery to small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises. The main services include financing, customs clearance, tax refund, logistics, insurance and other necessary foreign trade links referred to in the six measures of the State Council, and the profits also come from the wholesale and retail of services.
What departments do cross-border e-commerce integrated service platforms need to set up? Cross-border electronic commerce is a relatively advanced form of e-commerce application. It refers to a new trade model in which both parties in different countries or regions go through customs clearance procedures through the Internet in the form of mail or express delivery, digitizing the exhibition, negotiation and transaction links in traditional trade, and realizing product import and export. At present, there are three mainstream cross-border electronic commerce models: B2B (business-to-business), B2C (business-to-customer) and C2C (customer-to-customer). The following table shows the main differences:
Under the B2B model, enterprises usually send advertisements and information online, and then conduct transactions and customs clearance, which is essentially a traditional trade and has been included in the general trade statistics of the customs. Under the B2C model, enterprises directly face consumers and mainly sell personal consumer goods, mainly through air parcels, mail, express delivery, etc., but most of them are not included in customs registration at present. What we usually call micro-cross-border e-commerce mainly includes B2C and C2C modes.
First, the development status of cross-border electronic commerce, China
Under the background of the global financial crisis in 2008, coupled with the impact of RMB appreciation and rising labor costs, China's traditional foreign trade industry has been hit hard, the growth rate of import and export has dropped significantly, and many foreign trade enterprises, especially small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, have closed down one after another. In sharp contrast, cross-border electronic commerce still shows a good development momentum because of its advantages of few intermediate links, low price and high profit rate. The reasons are analyzed as follows:
Traditional foreign trade export generally includes "China factory-China exporter-foreign importer-foreign wholesaler-foreign retailer-foreign consumer". In this mode, the largest share of foreign trade profits is obtained by the circulation intermediary. For example, a keychain with a price of 1 yuan in Yiwu market will be sold to 1 Australian dollar (about 5 yuan RMB) after being exported to Australia, and 4 yuan will be obtained by an intermediary after removing the logistics cost. After the introduction of cross-border electronic commerce, the export link can be simplified as "China factory-foreign retailers-foreign consumers" or further simplified as "China factory-foreign consumers", bypassing many foreign trade middlemen. On the one hand, it can further reduce the price of export commodities and improve the competitiveness of China commodities in foreign markets. On the other hand, according to iResearch statistics, in 20 12, cross-border e-commerce in China entered and exited 2.3 trillion yuan. With a year-on-year increase of 32.0%, iResearch predicts that under the general trend of rapid development of global e-commerce and globalization of China e-commerce, the transaction scale of China and cross-border electronic commerce will continue to develop at a high speed, and the proportion of e-commerce in China's import and export trade will become larger and larger [2].
In addition, China attaches great importance to the development of cross-border electronic commerce. At present, in addition to Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen Qianhai and Qingdao have also been approved as pilot cities in cross-border electronic commerce. In 20 14, a series of national measures on cross-border electronic commerce will be gradually implemented, and more qualified cities will apply for pilot projects in cross-border electronic commerce this year.
Although cross-border electronic commerce's development in China presents a very good situation, and some people even boldly predict that multinational e-commerce giants may appear in China, we should be soberly aware that cross-border electronic commerce's development in China is still in its infancy, and there are still many problems.
Second, China and cross-border electronic commerce constraints and coping strategies
1. The development of cross-border logistics lags behind.
Cross-border e-commerce is mainly retail, and its general characteristics are small amount, small scale and high frequency. It is generally impossible to transport by traditional containers. The main logistics modes are: international parcel and international express delivery, B2C foreign trade enterprise alliance collection, B2C foreign trade enterprise self-collection, third-party logistics mode and overseas warehousing, among which international parcel and international express delivery are the simplest and direct logistics modes. International parcels are characterized by low tariffs, but long delivery time, and international express delivery is better than international parcels. B2C foreign trade enterprises can collect goods by alliance or by themselves, both of which can generate economies of scale and effectively reduce transportation costs. Because the internal management of the alliance is difficult, they mainly rely on their own receipt. Using third-party logistics, cross-border e-commerce can focus limited energy on the main business; Overseas storage mode can effectively improve the delivery speed because it needs overseas stocking, but if the goods are unsalable, the cost will increase greatly. The development of cross-border foreign trade is so fast, but the development of international logistics has not kept up, which will inevitably bring many hidden dangers, because logistics is not only directly related to the transaction cost of cross-border e-commerce, but also related to the buyer's satisfaction with the seller, shopping experience and loyalty.
2. Customs clearance procedures are not simplified enough.
Although the information flow based on the Internet is unimpeded, the cross-border goods flow is not free, and customs clearance is a common problem faced by cross-border e-commerce. "Small amount" and "high frequency" are the advantages of cross-border e-commerce, and "small amount" determines that it is difficult to get containers for cross-border transactions; "High frequency" means that the traditional foreign trade export procedure is complicated and long, which is not suitable for cross-border electronic commerce. In addition, some cross-border electronic commerce companies have a weak legal awareness. In order to avoid tariffs, they often send them directly to foreign buyers in the form of "samples" and "gifts" through international logistics companies such as Hongkong Post and UPS. Customs clearance is fast, the procedures are relatively simple, and tax can be avoided at the same time.
In response to this phenomenon, the General Administration of Customs has issued a stricter policy: the critical point of individual import tax will be reduced from 500 yuan to 50 yuan, and those exceeding 50 yuan will be returned or cleared according to the goods regulations. In contrast, the duty-free amount of personal mail items has been reduced by nearly ten times, which means that the more cross-border transactions need to be declared, and a series of cumbersome procedures and expenses often become a serious economic burden for consumers and online sellers. In addition, the goods were stranded at the customs due to unqualified customs declaration.
3. It is not easy to settle foreign exchange
According to China's current policy, foreign buyers can only settle their money through personal savings accounts, but China limits the maximum amount of personal settlement to 50,000 dollars per year, which leads some export enterprises to borrow relatives' accounts to settle foreign exchange or convert foreign exchange into RMB through underground banks. Another way is to register a offshore account offshore account in Hongkong and other offshore areas through a third-party service provider, and then the service provider will convert foreign exchange into RMB for foreign trade enterprises according to the current exchange rate in China. No matter what kind of settlement method, it is not a formal channel. 4. The payment security problem is obvious.
Cross-border electronic payment business involves enterprises, individuals, banks, third-party payment platforms and other individuals. Typical cross-border electronic payment services mainly include online banking payment service system and electronic payment services involving third-party payment platforms. The online banking payment service system is mainly used for B2B, a large-value transaction. Inconsistency in receipts and payments is likely to bring both losses and losses to one party. Through the third-party payment platform, the payment is still paid to the third party first, which is fair to both buyers and sellers. However, due to the periodicity of transactions, it is likely that a large amount of funds will be deposited on third-party platforms. If there is a problem in fund management, or the information is lost due to system failure, it will bring huge losses to all parties to the transaction. In addition, no matter what kind of payment method, there is still the risk that online payment information will be illegally stolen [3].
5. Lack of tax refund system
At present, cross-border e-commerce can't provide customs declaration mainly by express delivery, so most sellers can't pay taxes and enjoy the benefits of export tax rebate. In addition, cross-border electronic commerce is conducted through information exchange platforms such as the Internet, and it is difficult for tax authorities to grasp the specific transactions between the two parties, which not only makes the control means of withholding tax sources invalid, but also objectively encourages taxpayers to fail to comply with the tax law. The modern collection and management technology in the tax field is seriously lagging behind, making taxation according to law look pale and powerless.
6. Some cross-border e-commerce companies lack credit.
Cross-border electronic commerce is a virtual model based on network, and the credit uncertainty of participants has become the shackles of the development of e-commerce. In addition, China's e-commerce lacks legal awareness, and counterfeit and shoddy goods occur from time to time. It is not uncommon for counterfeit products to be detained by the customs for infringing intellectual property rights. Even many foreign customers have some rejection of "Made in China", which has brought far-reaching adverse effects. Compared with domestic e-commerce, the credit problem is particularly important for cross-border businesses, because the two sides of the transaction come from different countries, have different cultural backgrounds and geographical differences, and credit is often the decisive factor to attract customers to stop.
7. Lack of professionals
Cross-border electronic commerce talents are compound talents, and they should have the application abilities of English online shop management, online English communication, overseas network marketing planning and execution, search engine optimization, and overseas customer demand analysis. At the same time, we should know about international payment methods, international logistics tools, international trade knowledge and cross-cultural communication, and be familiar with relevant laws and regulations. However, cross-border e-commerce is an emerging industry, and its own talent stock is small, and there are fewer talents with cross-border e-commerce experience. At the same time, universities and social training institutions have no time to adjust the cultivation and training of e-commerce talents, so there is a huge talent gap.
Third, suggestions for the development of cross-border electronic commerce in China
1. Suggestions to the country
In view of the above logistics, customs clearance, foreign exchange collection, tax refund and other issues, the state should actively study and formulate corresponding policies, so that the vast number of cross-border e-commerce can be fundamentally guaranteed.
At present, * * * has issued many good policies, and some pilot cities have begun to set up cross-border electronic commerce Industrial Park. In the park, improve the logistics efficiency of enterprises by "distributing newspapers and collecting newspapers". Through the information platform of customs, state inspection and foreign exchange management departments, the declaration of foreign exchange settlement can be standardized, and enterprises entering the park can enjoy preferential export tax rebate policies, which has built a very good platform for the development of cross-border electronics industry. However, at present, the establishment of cross-border electronic commerce Industrial Park is limited to a few pilot cities in cross-border electronic commerce. For other cities with the same needs, there are still many problems in customs declaration, logistics, collection and payment of foreign exchange.
2. Suggestions for enterprises
To solve the problem of insufficient credit, we must first strengthen the legal awareness of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, strengthen their own strength construction, strive to cultivate their own brands, speed up the progress of learning international laws and regulations, and gradually avoid the bad impression brought to foreign consumers by intellectual property infringement and counterfeit and shoddy goods, and reduce the losses of both sides.
3. Suggestions for schools
Accelerate the training of professional talents in cross-border electronic commerce, and cultivate timely and available talents for the society through school-enterprise cooperation and intra-school cooperation. As for the training mode, some colleges and universities are already trying, and we can learn from it. For example, in view of the fact that cross-border e-commerce is a new industry and there are no mature teaching materials at present, major universities can integrate existing resources, let teachers from different majors cooperate, conduct modular teaching, and build a platform for school-enterprise cooperation to give students practical opportunities.
How to write the application report of cross-border e-commerce integrated service platform? Km.com can develop a complete set of cross-border e-commerce solutions, including the big data inventory management system. By analyzing the consumption behavior of members and the information of hot-selling goods, it can predict the inventory demand, make the inventory of goods "prepared", improve the delivery speed and reduce the logistics cost.
For example, one of the important cross-border electronic commerce solutions designated by Qianmi.com for Hiku is to assist Hiku to connect the back office with the customs system.
Do foreign trade and want to be a cross-border e-commerce. Do these platforms know about Alibaba International Station?
Global resources
EC2 1
Tredki
EBAY (retail)
Amazon (Retail)
How can cross-border foreign trade e-commerce win customers with services? If we want to do well, we must study the living habits and pursuits of foreigners, so as to win customers with services. Another important issue in doing foreign trade e-commerce is to understand foreign languages: English comes first. Finally, the problem of getting traffic from the website. Cross-border foreign trade e-commerce, mainly in website and marketing, is not easy to do without a way to obtain traffic. Recommend a cross-border foreign trade e-commerce website building system: shop 123 light-year e-commerce system, an open source version of domestic foreign trade e-commerce system, with two versions in Chinese and English, which basically meets the needs of foreign trade e-commerce. I wish you success in cross-border e-commerce in foreign trade.
Special topic of cross-border e-commerce export of clothing: How to do cross-border e-commerce export of clothing by foreign trade e-commerce in clothing industry, mainly including women's clothing, men's clothing, underwear and role-playing clothing.
In general, role-playing clothes are more popular in foreign festivals.
Clothing industry is different from electronics industry, only need to explain what kind of equipment electronic products are suitable for.
For products in the clothing industry, it is necessary to have a try-on effect chart and various size charts, and it is best to have a recommendation table, such as the size suitable for people with height, weight and shoulder width.
As long as electronic products are suitable for this kind of equipment, clothing products are not suitable.
Clothing products involve the fabric of the product, the try-on effect of the product and so on.
How about the comprehensive service platform for trade interests and foreign trade? Trade interest is a powerful platform for order management, customer management system management and customer development.
Why do cross-border e-commerce say that vertical foreign trade e-commerce is the mainstream in the future? Please don't care who says "vertical foreign trade e-commerce is the mainstream", but vertical e-commerce (whether foreign trade or not) will definitely be the mainstream.
At present, cross-border e-commerce is the mainstream, because there are more and more cultural and economic exchanges between countries. Through the way of foreign trade and e-commerce, the coverage of national economies has been greatly strengthened. It should be said that doing business is not a difficult thing, at least in the way of doing business, it has been much simpler;
On this basis, it is naturally accompanied by more and more fierce competition. At present, there are still many competitive outlets, and the competition has not yet reached the stage of vertical deepening of e-commerce;
When e-commerce/merchants compete to a certain extent, they will eventually return to the essential competition of business-brand/quality shaping, which is precisely the most important foundation of vertical e-commerce;
This is why vertical e-commerce is the mainstream of the future; It's just that this wave of mainstream will take some time.
Is the foreign trade integrated service platform more reliable? At present, there are many comprehensive foreign trade service platforms. Ali and Jimaotong are very good, and large enterprises are more reliable, but relatively speaking, Jimaotong is cheaper than Ali.
What does the comprehensive service of cross-border e-commerce mean? It is a service-oriented platform. There are many things in cross-border e-commerce. It can save you a lot of time.
Hai Mao kuajing