Emergency drill plan for high temperature heatstroke in 2022 (selected 5 articles) (1) 1. Emergency matters:
In order to get rid of headache, dizziness, fatigue, chest tightness, palpitation, collapse, shock, heat spasm and other symptoms as soon as possible, recover as soon as possible, and devote oneself to work, this scheme is specially formulated.
Second, the declaration procedure:
If poisoning and heatstroke are found, report to the deputy team leader immediately and report step by step as required.
Third, emergency measures:
(1) food poisoning:
1, induce vomiting: If you eat something poisonous within 2 hours, you can induce vomiting. Take 20 grams of salt, add 200 ml of boiling water, cool and drink once. If you don't vomit, drink it twice again until you vomit. Take ginger100g, mash it to get juice, and take it with 200ml warm water, which is also one of the emetic methods. If you eat meat, you can drink ten drops of water to promote rapid vomiting. In addition, you can also stimulate your throat with your fingers to induce vomiting.
2, laxatives: If the poisoned food has been eaten for a long time, more than 2 hours, but the spirit is not bad, you can take laxatives to urge the poisoned food to be excreted as soon as possible. Generally use 30 grams of rhubarb and fry it once;
3, diuresis: drink plenty of water, dilute the concentration of toxins in the blood, take diuretics.
4. Detoxification: If food poisoning is caused by eating spoiled fish, shrimp and crabs. Take vinegar 100 ml, add 200 ml of water, and take it once after dilution. If you eat spoiled drinks or preservatives by mistake, the best first aid is to fill your stomach with milk or other drinks containing protein.
5. After the first aid, if the patient's symptoms have not improved or the poisoning is mild, call 120 and send him to the hospital as soon as possible.
(2), liquefied gas leakage:
1, quickly open the doors and windows for ventilation;
2. In case of serious leakage and fire, start the fire emergency plan and dial 1 19.
(3) heatstroke:
1. In case of heatstroke, the team leader should immediately help the heatstroke victim to rest in the shade.
2, report to the deputy team leader, under the guidance of the deputy team leader to give patients medication in summer.
3. The deputy team leader organizes personnel to physically cool the patient (ice water, ice packs, cold compresses on the head and armpits, etc.). ), strengthen ventilation and heat dissipation.
4, for severe heatstroke, if necessary, send to hospital for treatment.
Fourth, emergency supplies:
Standing medicines: disinfection products, stretchers, cooling oil, Huoxiang Zhengqi water, etc.
Five, to assist the superior investigation and evidence collection and deal with the aftermath:
1. Provide relevant materials to the investigation team and cooperate with evidence collection.
Step 2 fill in the record
Emergency drill plan for high temperature heatstroke in 2022 (5 selected articles) (2) 1. general rule
The purpose of compiling 1. 1
This plan is formulated in order to ensure that the project department can quickly rescue people in case of heatstroke during the construction in high temperature season and reduce the severity of the incident to an acceptable minimum.
1.2 compilation basis
According to the People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Work Safety, Regulations on Work Safety in Construction Projects, Xinyang Municipal People's Government's Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies, Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents in Production and Business Units, and Comprehensive Emergency Plan for Production Safety Accidents in Henan Province and other relevant regulations.
1.3 Scope of application
This emergency plan is applicable to the emergency preparation and response of high temperature heatstroke in the construction site.
1.4 working principle
People-oriented, prevention first, quick response and decisive treatment.
2. Analysis of accident type and degree of danger
Due to factors such as high-temperature operation not being avoided as required in high-temperature climate, poor ventilation at the job site, physical condition of heatstroke victims and insufficient water supply, heat generation is greater than heat dissipation or heat dissipation is blocked, and excessive heat is accumulated in the body, that is, high fever heatstroke occurs.
High fever heatstroke can be divided into: threatened heatstroke, mild heatstroke and high fever heatstroke. The body temperature of high temperature heatstroke can exceed 40℃, resulting in convulsion, syncope, coma, blood pressure drop and even life-threatening.
3. Emergency rescue organization and responsibilities
3. 1 emergency organization
The project department set up an emergency leading group. See the attachment for the list of members of the leading group and their contact telephone numbers.
3.2 Responsibility
Responsible for directing the emergency treatment of high fever and heatstroke.
On-the-spot first aid should be given to people suffering from heatstroke, and they should be sent to a nearby hospital for medical treatment in time.
4. Prevention and early warning
4. 1 Prevention of heatstroke
1. When the highest temperature reaches above 40℃ (including 40℃) on that day, the construction operation will be stopped on that day;
2. When the highest temperature on that day is above 37℃ (including 37℃), outdoor open air and aerial work (cranes, excavators and other mechanical cabs without cooling facilities) that stop at noon (i.e.1~16) are considered as open air work;
3. When the daily maximum temperature reaches 35℃, it is necessary to take shifts to rest, shorten the continuous working hours of outdoor and aerial workers, and do not arrange overtime;
4. Effectively implement workers' heatstroke prevention and cooling articles and medicines, such as elixir, cooling oil, tiger balm, wind oil, ten drops of water, Huoxiang Zhengqi water, etc. , and set up a drinking water place at the scene to prevent workers from dehydration and heatstroke;
5. Workers' dormitories must be ventilated, insulated and ventilated, equipped with electric fans and other necessary cooling facilities.
4.2 Early warning
It is found that the operators have heatstroke such as dizziness, dizziness, nausea, palpitation, fatigue, sweating, numbness of limbs, etc., and emergency measures should be taken quickly.
5. Information reporting procedures
When employees suffer from heatstroke, they should report to the project manager in time.
6. Emergency Department
1. Quickly move the heatstroke victim to a cool and ventilated place, make him lie flat, raise his head and unbutton;
2. If heatstroke patients are conscious and have no nausea and vomiting, they can drink salty drinks, tea and mung bean soup. To cool down and replenish blood volume;
3. Send the patient to the hospital for medical treatment.
7. Protection
7. 1 emergency team support
The project department should set up an emergency rescue team and train the members of the emergency rescue team on the first aid knowledge of heatstroke.
7.2 Emergency materials and equipment support
The project department is equipped with heatstroke prevention drugs, such as Ren Dan, cooling oil, essential balm, ten drops of water, Huoxiang Zhengqi water and alcohol. Gao Danping was appointed as the custodian to replenish drugs or replace expired drugs in time.
8. Training and exercises
8. 1 training
The project department should train new workers on first aid knowledge of heatstroke;
The personnel of the emergency team should have received emergency rescue training.
8.2 drill
During the summer construction period, the project department will conduct desktop exercises to make emergency personnel clear their respective responsibilities and rescue procedures, so as to ensure quick and effective emergency rescue work.
9. seize
9. 1 First aid knowledge of heatstroke
Once heatstroke occurs, first aid should be given as soon as possible to avoid collapse and death.
1. Move the patient to the shade, loosen or take off clothes, and let the patient lie down comfortably with his head held high;
2. Cover the patient's head with a cold wet towel, and wipe the body with a sponge soaked in alcohol (or cold water) to lower the body temperature to normal;
3. After waking up, give the patient salt water instead of irritants;
4. If the patient faints, you can pinch the patient's Renzhong point with your fingers, or acupuncture Xuan Shi point at the fingertips of ten fingers. When the patient gets better, he will be transferred to a nearby hospital for treatment.
Emergency drill plan for high-temperature heatstroke in 2022 (5 selected articles) (3) The construction climate in summer is hot, and construction workers generally work in the open air and high places, with high labor intensity and long time, and heatstroke accidents may occur at any time. Therefore, strengthening heatstroke prevention and cooling in summer is an important measure to protect the health of employees and ensure the completion of production tasks.
First, the basic safety requirements for preventing heatstroke accidents
Take comprehensive measures to effectively prevent heatstroke accidents, and do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling from the aspects of technology, health care and xx.
Second, xx measures
1, strengthen the leadership of heatstroke prevention and cooling, make plans for heatstroke prevention and cooling before summer, and implement specific measures.
2. Strengthen the knowledge education of heatstroke prevention and cooling for all employees, and enhance the ability of self-prevention of heatstroke and industrial accidents. Pay attention to keep enough sleep time.
3. According to the local temperature, we should adjust the work and rest time appropriately, and use the method of working in the morning and evening when the temperature is low to extend the rest time, reduce the solar radiation heat and prevent heatstroke. We can also reasonably adjust the labor force xx according to the construction technology, shorten the one-time operation time and increase the rotation rest during the construction process.
4. Implement the labor law and control overtime; Strengthen the management of workers' xx dormitory; Earnestly combine work and rest to ensure that workers eat well, sleep well and have a good rest.
Third, technical measures.
1, carry out technical innovation, reform technology and equipment, adopt mechanization and automation as far as possible, and reduce the labor intensity of the construction industry.
2. Set a lounge in the open-air construction site where workers are concentrated, with good indoor ventilation and room temperature not exceeding 30℃; When the field open-air operation is relatively fixed, movable curtains or arbor can also be used to reduce sunlight radiation.
3. When working underground, we should try our best to adopt the natural ventilation mode of skylight exhaust and side window intake. We can also adopt mechanical ventilation measures to transport cold air to high-temperature operating points or take away hot air to reduce the workshop temperature.
Emergency drill plan for high temperature heatstroke in 2022 (5 selected articles) (4) 1 general rules
1.65438+
1.2 according to the principle of "safety first, prevention first" and the principle of "protecting people, power grid and equipment", guided by the national regulations on high temperature heatstroke, and combined with the actual situation of our factory, this plan is formulated.
1.3 The first aid of severe heatstroke requires the mobilization of the whole factory and even social forces, and all employees in the factory have the obligation to participate in the first aid.
2 content
2. 1, organization and its responsibilities
2. 1. 1 emergency rescue headquarters
Chief Commander: Factory Director (General Manager)
Deputy Chief Commander: Deputy Director (Deputy General Manager) in charge of the accident department.
Members: leaders of other factories, factory trade unions, factory offices, biotechnology departments, safety supervision departments, human resources departments, supervision and examination departments, military security departments, property management companies, and principals of accident departments.
2. 1.2 Command responsibilities:
After the accident, the commander-in-chief or the commander-in-chief entrusts the deputy commander-in-chief to rush to the scene of the accident to conduct on-site command, set up the on-site headquarters, approve the on-site rescue plan and organize on-site rescue. Responsible for organizing relevant departments and offices to conduct emergency rescue drills regularly.
2. 1.3 according to the requirements of the group company and the superior industrial hygiene and occupational disease prevention department, strive to complete all the work; Continuously manage and improve employees' working conditions in strict accordance with the Factory Safety and Health Regulations and the Labor Law, protect employees' safety and health, and improve labor productivity; Regular leading group meetings are held to analyze the problems existing in heatstroke prevention and cooling, study and arrange rectification measures, implement funds, make decisions on relevant matters, and effectively improve working conditions in workplaces. There are three professional working groups, which are responsible for related work according to the division of responsibilities.
2. 1.4 responsibilities of the labor protection working group (the human resources department is responsible): formulate relevant labor protection regulations for employees (including female employees) according to laws and regulations; Do a good job in publicity and education of industrial hygiene and labor protection, and improve employees' awareness of self-labor protection; Responsible for the statistics and report management of employees in high temperature positions.
2. 1.5 responsibilities of the prevention and control working group (by the property management company): at the beginning of the year, it is responsible for reporting the budget of purchasing heatstroke prevention and cooling supplies and purchasing heatstroke prevention and cooling supplies. Visit the site regularly, publicize the common sense of heatstroke prevention and cooling, and distribute heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs. Report to the leading group of the factory department in time when problems are found.
2. 1.6 Responsibilities of the on-site testing working group (by the production technology department): classify the working conditions at the production site according to relevant regulations; According to the high temperature test points, the production and business premises are tested regularly, and the points exceeding the standard are reported to the leading group in time; Report daily inspections and regular exercises as required by superiors; Strengthen the maintenance and inspection of monitoring instruments and equipment. Warning signs should be set up in conspicuous places in high temperature workplaces.
2. 1.7 After the occurrence of events threatening personal safety such as high temperature heatstroke, according to the accident report, immediately organize forces to deal with the accident on the spot according to the procedures specified in this plan, and report to the local government when necessary.
2. 1.8 is responsible for reporting the accident situation and accident handling progress to the group company and the branch company.
2. 1.9 is responsible for notifying the leaders of relevant departments to arrange personnel to replace heatstroke personnel to ensure the continuity of production; Organize and provide supplies and vehicles for rescuing heatstroke victims and after-care work.
2. 1. 10 The emergency state is eliminated, and the emergency operation is over.
2. 1. 1 1 The property management company is the competent department of this scheme, and the safety supervision department is responsible for guiding and checking this work. The office is located in the medical and health management group of the property management company.
2. 1. 12 define the revision period of this emergency plan and conduct routine inspection: at the beginning of each year, according to the problems existing in the heatstroke prevention and cooling work in the previous year, this plan is revised, and at the same time, the workplace is inspected irregularly to urge the personnel and the plan to rectify the problems found.
2. 1. 13 Organize the drill of this emergency plan: organize a drill every year before the high temperature comes.
2. 1. 14 compilation and reporting of accident investigation report (causes, handling process, casualties and economic losses).
2. 1. 15 emergency communication
Telephone numbers of the leader and deputy leader of the leading group.
Daily management office telephone office director mobile phone
Fire alarm 1 19 Fire Brigade××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
Emergency medical treatment in ××××××× city 120.
The factory switchboard is on duty in the factory department.
2.2 Expression of key events
2.2. 1 classification of high temperature heatstroke and emergency plan for personal injury and death.
Threatened heatstroke: After working in a high temperature environment for a certain period of time, the patient has symptoms such as dizziness, headache, thirst, hyperhidrosis, general weakness, palpitation, inattention, uncoordinated movements, etc., and his body temperature is normal or slightly elevated. —— Class A emergency plan
Mild heatstroke: In addition to the symptoms of threatened heatstroke, there are manifestations such as flushing, excessive sweating and rapid pulse, and the body temperature rises to above 38.5 degrees. —— Class A emergency plan
Severe heatstroke is divided into (1) heatstroke: it is caused by high temperature, and the imbalance of heat balance leads to heat accumulation in the body. The main clinical symptoms are high fever, disturbance of consciousness and anhidrosis. (2) Heat spasm: muscle spasm caused by dehydration and salt loss; (3) Heat exhaustion: mainly due to insufficient peripheral circulation, causing collapse or transient syncope. -Class B emergency plan
2.2.2 In the case of poor indoor ventilation, installation and maintenance of outdoor equipment and open-air construction, as well as in high-temperature places such as motor room, coal bunker, boiler, steam room and coal conveying belt, it is easy to cause high-temperature heatstroke and other accidents, threatening personal safety.
2.3 Prevention of major events
2.3. 1 widely publicize the knowledge of heatstroke prevention and control, so that employees can master the basic knowledge of heatstroke prevention and cooling.
2.3.2 Before the arrival of summer, maintain the air conditioning and ventilation equipment in the production site, duty room and office to ensure that employees have a good working environment.
2.3.3 During the high temperature operation in summer, do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling for employees, adjust the operation time, provide cold drinks containing 0.3% salt, and timely distribute heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs to ensure the health of employees.
2.3.4 Patients with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, central nervous system diseases, obvious respiratory, digestive or endocrine diseases, and liver and kidney diseases should be classified as contraindications for high-temperature operation.
2.3.5 During the high temperature in summer, the medical management personnel of the property management company regularly go to the production site for inspection to solve and deal with related problems in time.
2.4 Emergency response and the start and end of the plan
2.4. 1 Necessary facilities and material preparation
Warning signs should be set up in conspicuous places in high temperature workplaces.
Before the high temperature comes in summer, it is necessary to timely purchase and distribute cold drinks, heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs and other materials with 0.3% salt.
When working at high temperature in summer, the ventilation and cooling facilities in relevant workplaces should be configured and improved.
2.4.2 Start the emergency plan for major events in time.
2.4.2. 1 when workers are found to have symptoms of threatened heatstroke or mild heatstroke at high temperature, the field staff should deal with them quickly and give first aid immediately, and report to the daily management office of the emergency plan for personal injury and death caused by heatstroke at high temperature. After receiving the notice, the staff of the Japanese management office rushed to the scene of the accident and organized the handling of the accident. The director or deputy director of the office announced the start of the A-level emergency plan.
(1) Quickly move the heatstroke victim to a cool and ventilated place, and at the same time, raise his head and unbutton his clothes to facilitate breathing and heat dissipation.
(2) Apply a wet towel to the head or place an ice pack on the head, armpit and thigh root of the heatstroke victim. If the patient can drink water, he can drink more water and add a little salt to the water.
(3) When the patient has difficulty breathing, artificial mouth-to-mouth breathing should be performed.
(4) Temporarily stop the on-site operation, check the ventilation and cooling facilities in the workplace, and take effective measures to reduce the working environment temperature.
(5) After the critical state is eliminated, the director or deputy director of the office announces the end of Class A emergency operation.
(6) According to the actual situation, announce whether to continue the field work.
In case of severe heatstroke, a large number of people suffering from heatstroke or serious illness in 2.4.2.2, on-site personnel should deal with it quickly and report to the leading group of emergency plan for personal injury and death caused by high temperature heatstroke. Members of the leading group should immediately rush to the scene of the accident, and the group leader or deputy group leader will announce the start of Class B emergency plan according to the actual situation on the scene.
(1) immediately evacuate all heatstroke victims from the work site, move them to a cool and ventilated place, and contact the factory medical staff to arrive at the scene immediately for rescue work.
(2) Inform the information center to ensure that the emergency calls are unblocked.
(3) Temporarily stop the on-site operation, check the ventilation and cooling facilities in the workplace, find out the cause of heatstroke, and take effective measures to reduce the temperature of the working environment to ensure the safe operation of the equipment unit.
(4) Responsible for notifying the leaders of relevant departments to arrange personnel to replace heatstroke personnel to ensure the continuity of production.
(5) If the patient is seriously ill, contact the vehicle immediately, and the medical staff will rescue him and escort him to the hospital. Call 120 for first aid if necessary.
(6) The daily management office decides whether to organize the evacuation of workplace personnel according to the site development.
(7) Lead the team leader when necessary and report to the local government for assistance.
(8) After the critical state is eliminated, the leader or deputy leader of the leading group announces the end of the emergency operation.
(9) Do a good job in accident aftermath.
2.5 production, life maintenance or recovery plan
Emergency drill plan for high temperature heatstroke in 2022 (selected 5 articles) 1. Purpose:
1, to prevent high-temperature heatstroke accident during operation, causing personal injury and property loss to the company, and ensuring safe production of the branch;
2. In order to timely and effectively prevent and deal with heatstroke events caused by high-temperature meteorological conditions (hereinafter referred to as high-temperature heatstroke events), guide and standardize the health emergency work of high-temperature heatstroke events, avoid and reduce personal injuries and property losses caused by high-temperature heatstroke, and minimize the life safety risks of employees and interested parties.
3. In order to do a good job in production safety during high temperature in summer, ensure the life safety of employees, improve the handling and emergency response capabilities of employees, and test the emergency response level of emergencies.
4. This exercise scheme is applicable to the employees engaged in production in our company. When someone has heatstroke in the workplace, they should bear the responsibility of emergency rescue for others' heatstroke. If someone is found to have heatstroke in other places, he shall bear the obligation of emergency rescue for heatstroke of foreigners.
Second, the basic situation of the simulation exercise:
1. When front-line employees were working near the stockyard, an employee of the loading and unloading team fell to the ground due to high temperature heatstroke.
Third, exercise time:
The exercise time is scheduled for June xxx.
Four, the plan exercise organization and responsibilities:
1, high temperature heatstroke accident organization
1 Chief Commander: Wu Jingbin's main responsibilities:
First, be fully responsible for on-site emergency work;
B, decided to start the emergency plan;
C, command emergency work.
Deputy Commander Fu Cheng's main responsibilities:
First, organize emergency work;
B, coordinate the unified scheduling of field personnel;
C, responsible for investigation, monitoring and the determination of the first aid plan. On-site command: Sun Youchang's main responsibilities:
A, communicate with each team's drill personnel, and be responsible for the smooth rescue route and on-site alert;
B, assist the commander-in-chief to do a good job in various logistics affairs and preparation of drill materials and other related matters;
C. be responsible for collecting and sorting drilling data.
2. The responsibilities of each group:
(1) Accident handling group: The main task is to determine the rescue plan and organize personnel and vehicles to rescue people suffering from heatstroke.
(2) Medical rescue team: The main task is to rush to the scene of the accident in time to rescue the heatstroke victims, and decide to give first aid at the scene or the nearest hospital according to the injury to ensure the life safety of the wounded.
(3) Alert Liaison Group: The main tasks are to upload and issue leadership instructions and divert road traffic, communicate with the outside world to inform the accident scene, send people to meet at the intersection, and record the whole process of the drill.
(4) Logistics Support Group: The main task is to follow the instructions of leaders, arrange stretchers for rescue drills, and ensure the supply of heatstroke drugs.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) practice program:
Simulated accident: simulated workers' heatstroke. Simulated accident:
1. When the accident happened, the operator fell to the ground due to heatstroke. Disposal process:
1, the time sent by colleagues
Immediately notify the on-site commander after the current dangerous situation occurs.
2, time commander after receiving the accident report, immediately start the emergency plan, and notify the members of each group.
3. At that time, the on-site personnel will carry the heatstroke employees to a cool and ventilated place to prevent secondary injuries and wait for the medical rescue team.
4. The on-site alert group shall immediately isolate the scene of the accident and protect it.
5. The rescue team immediately brought the first aid kit to the drill site to quickly judge the condition; First-aid steps: ① Move: quickly lift the patient to a ventilated, cool and sweet place, make him lie flat, raise his head, unbutton his clothes, loosen or take off his clothes, and replace them if they are soaked by sweat.
(2) Cooling: The patient can cover his head with a cold towel, take a full-body bath with 50% alcohol, white wine, ice water or cold water, and then blow with a fan or electric fan to accelerate heat dissipation, but not directly at the patient to prevent catching a cold. The body temperature is measured every 10- 15 minutes/time.
③ Hydration: If heatstroke patients are conscious and have no nausea and vomiting, they can drink some cool drinks, tea and mung bean soup. To cool down and replenish blood volume. When replenishing water, a small amount of salt or baking soda water can be added. But don't rush to replenish a lot of water, otherwise it will cause vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and other symptoms.
④ Awakening: If the patient has lost consciousness, it can refer to pinching Renzhong, Hegu and other points to wake him up. If breathing stops, artificial respiration should be performed immediately.
⑤ Transfer to hospital: Patients with severe heatstroke must be sent to hospital immediately for diagnosis and treatment. When transporting patients, transport them on a stretcher, and don't let them walk. At the same time, pay attention to physical cooling with ice packs as much as possible to protect important organs such as brain, heart and lungs. The head can be cold compressed. The ice pack should be placed on the patient's forehead, behind the pillow, chest, armpit, groin and other large blood vessels (ice cubes, popsicles, water ice cream, etc.). Put it in a plastic bag and seal it tightly), you can rub it with cold water or 50% alcohol until your skin turns red.
6. People suffering from heatstroke wake up slowly and the exercise is over. No one was injured this time, and the rescue process is the most important.
7. The on-site commander reported the completion of the drill to the team leader Comrade Wu Jingbin, and the team leader made a simple summary of the drill and declared it over!
Six, rescue equipment and materials:
Stretcher, medicine box (50% alcohol, elixir, ten drops of water, Huoxiang Zhengqi water, cool oil, all kinds of disinfectant and articles, flashlight, walkie-talkie,), towel, washbasin, cold water bottle.
Seven, matters needing attention:
1. The alert liaison group should carefully record the drill time, report time, personnel injuries and on-site personnel.
2. The logistics support team will transport all the drill personnel and materials to the drill site before the time, and arrange the logistics related materials in place.
Rescuers should arrive at the scene in the shortest time. After the rescuers arrive at the scene, they should obey the orders of the accident emergency team and carry out first aid work. After the rescue, evacuate all personnel from the scene of the accident and to a safe area.
4. The commander-in-chief summarized the drill and announced that after the drill, all the drill personnel were evacuated from the drill site to restore the operation order.
Through this exercise, all our staff will be more clear about the rescue procedures of the emergency rescue plan. Ensure the orderly implementation of the first aid plan when dealing with emergencies, buy time for rescue and achieve the purpose of practicing xxx.