There are five main factors affecting quality: people, materials, machinery, methods and environment. Therefore, strictly controlling these five factors before construction is the key to ensure the quality of construction projects.

First of all, artificial control

People refer to the decision makers, organizers, commanders and operators who directly participate in engineering construction. In order to avoid human errors, mobilize people's subjective initiative, enhance people's sense of responsibility and quality concept, and achieve the purpose of ensuring process quality and promoting project quality by working quality, we should not only strengthen political and ideological education, labor discipline education, professional ethics education, professional and technical knowledge training, improve post responsibility system, improve working conditions, and fair and reasonable incentives, but also control people's use according to the characteristics of the project, starting from ensuring quality, and based on the principle of fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses.

This project considers the influence of people on quality from the following aspects.

(A) the quality of leaders

Choose a leading group with good comprehensive quality, strong decision-making ability, sound organization, perfect management system, decent management style, effective technical measures, high social reputation, rich practical experience and good cooperation; Ensure the control of quality and investment progress.

(2) people's theoretical and technical level

People's theory and technical level directly affect the engineering quality level, especially for the process operation with complex technology, great difficulty, high precision and new technology, workers with intermediate construction level or above are selected to operate, and the senior workers are not less than 20%.

(3) human physiological defects

According to the characteristics and environment of engineering construction, people's physical defects, comprehensive quality and mental health are strictly controlled to improve people's comprehensive ability.

(D) people's psychological behavior

For some key processes and operations that need to ensure quality and be foolproof, it is necessary to analyze people's psychological changes, control people's ideological activities and stabilize people's emotions.

(5) the wrong behavior of human beings

People's wrong behavior refers to smoking, betting, wrong vision, wrong hearing, wrong judgment and wrong actions in the workplace or work, which will affect the quality or cause quality accidents. In this project, it is forbidden to smoke and play in the field operation with dangerous sources; When entering the strong light or dark environment to check and inspect the quality of the project, it will take some time to gradually adapt the vision to the change of illumination, and then it can work normally to avoid vision errors; Different colors and signs should be used in different working environments to avoid misoperation; Command signals should be unified and clear, and keep smooth to avoid noise interference.

(6) Man-made violation of discipline and rules and regulations

The following violations must be strictly educated and stopped in time. Refers to people who are careless, careless, inattentive, ignorant, not open-minded, not implementing safety measures, not carefully checking safety, throwing things at random, using mechanical devices outside the regulations at will, not using protective equipment according to regulations, taking chances, trying to save trouble, neglecting their duties, deliberately violating regulations, and caring only about themselves and others.

In a word, the problem of employing people should be comprehensively considered from the aspects of political quality, ideological quality, professional quality and physical quality.

Second, the quality control of materials and components

Material quality is the foundation of engineering quality. If the material quality does not meet the requirements, the engineering quality will not meet the standards.

(A) the main points of material quality control

1. Master material information and optimize suppliers.

Mastering the information of material quality, price and supply capacity, and choosing a good supplier can obtain high-quality and low-cost material resources, thus ensuring the engineering quality and reducing the engineering cost. Before placing an order, the contractor must be required to declare, and the order can only be placed with the consent of the supervision engineer.

2, reasonable organization of material supply, to ensure the normal construction.

Reasonable and scientific organization of material procurement, processing, storage and transportation, establishment of strict planning, scheduling and management system, speeding up material turnover, reducing material occupancy and meeting construction needs on time are the key links to improve supply efficiency and ensure normal construction.

3. Measuring and using materials correctly according to the quota, strengthening transportation, warehousing and storage, strengthening the management and distribution of material quotas, improving the on-site material management system and avoiding material loss and deterioration are important measures to ensure material quality and save materials.

4. Strengthen the inspection and acceptance of materials and strictly control the quality of materials.

(1) The main materials used in the project must provide formal factory certificate and material test sheet when entering the site. If you don't have or have doubts about the inspection certificate, you must make up the inspection.

(2) All structures in the project must have the manufacturer's batch number and factory certificate. Prestressed reinforced concrete members of reinforced concrete shall be sampled and inspected according to the specified methods. The quality problems of components due to transportation and installation should be analyzed and studied, and can only be used after treatment and appraisal.

(three) materials with unclear identification or quality problems; General information that is in doubt about the quality assurance information or inconsistent with the contract provisions; According to the importance of the project, a certain proportion of materials should be tested; Materials requiring follow-up inspection to control and ensure their quality shall be sampled. All imported materials, equipment and materials used in important projects or key construction sites shall be inspected.

(4) The sampling and inspection methods of material quality shall conform to the quality standards of building materials and remote management, and can reflect the quality and performance of materials. For important parts or heterogeneous materials, the number of samples should be appropriately increased.

(5) Materials prepared on site, such as concrete, mortar, thermal insulation materials, etc. , should first put forward the trial match, the trial match inspection qualified rear can use.

(6) High-voltage cables and voltage insulation materials shall be subjected to withstand voltage test.

5. Pay attention to the use certificate of materials to prevent misuse or use of unqualified materials.

(1) For main decorative materials and building accessories, the manufacturer is required to provide samples or order according to samples before ordering; When the main sample is an equipment order, the equipment list should be reviewed to see if it meets the design requirements.

(2) We must fully understand the performance, quality standards, scope of application and construction requirements of materials, so as to carefully select and use materials.

(3) All materials used for important structures and parts must be carefully inspected and certified when used, and whether the variety, specification, model and performance of the materials are wrong, whether they are suitable for engineering characteristics and whether they meet the design requirements.

(4) The application of new materials must pass the test and appraisal.

(5) When the material certification is unqualified, it is not allowed to be used in engineering.

(2) Content of material quality control

The content of material quality control mainly includes: material quality standard, material performance, material sampling, test method, material application scope and construction requirements.

Third, the control method.

Whether the construction scheme is correct or not is the key to the smooth realization of the three goals of project schedule control, quality control and investment control. When making the construction plan, we must make comprehensive analysis and comprehensive consideration from the aspects of technology, organization, management, technology, operation and economy, so as to make the plan technically feasible, economically reasonable, technologically advanced, effective in measures and convenient in operation, which is conducive to improving quality, speeding up progress and reducing costs.

When making concrete pouring scheme, continuous concrete pouring shall be ensured; When pouring the upper concrete, the lower concrete will not have initial setting phenomenon; Otherwise, the "all-round layered" pouring scheme cannot be adopted.

The premise of choosing the construction scheme must meet the technical feasibility.

Method is an important means to realize engineering construction. Whether it is the formulation of scheme, process design, preparation of construction organization design, formulation of construction sequence and operation requirements, it must be strictly controlled to ensure quality.

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