Clinical manifestations of autism
Autism begins before the age of three, and it is obvious after the age of three. The main clinical manifestations include the following aspects:
1, interpersonal communication disorder
Lack of communication and skills with others in social development. There must be at least two symptoms:
(1) Extremely lonely, obviously lacking social emotional response, lacking attachment to parents, lacking eye contact with people, and having little or no active communication;
(2) Can't communicate with eyes, expressions, postures or gestures;
(3) Cannot establish partnership with other children;
(4) Lack of interest in group games, unable to produce * * * sounds for the joy of the group;
(5) When encountering setbacks, they will not seek support or comfort, and others will not take the initiative to give support or comfort when encountering setbacks.
2. Speech disorder
Communication disorder and like to repeat other people's words or advertising words must have at least the following two symptoms:
(1) speech development is slow or underdeveloped, and gestures or other forms may be used instead of verbal communication;
(2) The stereotyped repetition of some words has no obvious connection with the environment or ongoing activities;
(3) Abnormal tone, speed, rhythm and stress;
(4) speech comprehension is obviously impaired;
(5) Before the age of two, the speech function developed normally, and after the age of two, there were obstacles, or even no speech at all.
3. behavior.
Abnormal interests and activities, refusal to change habits, narrow interests, hyperactivity, distraction, etc. , must have at least the following symptoms of 1:
(1) rigid and narrow interests (such as focusing on dates, advertisements, weather forecasts, etc. );
(2) Special attachment to something;
(3) Enforce some special ritual behavior;
(4) Rigid and repetitive movements and postures;
(5) Being particularly interested in the non-main parts (such as smell, noise, etc.) of certain things (toys). );
(6) Unwilling or refusing to make any changes to one's living environment.
Rehabilitation treatment of autistic children
The cause of autism is unknown and the treatment is still in the exploratory stage. At present, comprehensive rehabilitation is mainly based on non-drug treatment, supplemented by drug treatment. The main corrective measures are special education and psychological and behavioral intervention methods. Psychological factors play a fundamental and decisive role in the rehabilitation training of autistic children.
Generally speaking, the best expectation of autism is before the age of 8, and the golden age of language learning for autistic children is before the age of 3. The younger the age, the greater the plasticity of brain development. Therefore, early detection and early intervention are the most important methods of rehabilitation education for autistic children. Effective early intervention measures are helpful to improve children's prognosis and help them return to society.
(A) psychological intervention
Psychological intervention refers to the methods and means of psychological, behavioral and social rehabilitation of autistic children by analyzing the psychological theory of autism and combining the psychological characteristics of autism, including cognitive intervention, emotional intervention and behavioral intervention. Psychological intervention runs through the whole process of autism rehabilitation training.
Principles of psychological intervention for autistic children
Parents are required to participate in the whole process of psychological intervention for autistic children. Individualized, structured and systematic rehabilitation training programs should be formulated, and interventions should be made in a sustained, organized and planned manner around what children can do. At the same time, attention should be paid to children's health and the prevention of other diseases.
(1) phased key intervention principle
Every development stage of autistic children has different characteristics, so psychological intervention should grasp the key stage of children's development and take corresponding intervention measures.
(2) the principle of combining body and mind.
The imbalance between physical and psychological development is one of the growth characteristics of autistic children. At the same time of psychological intervention, we should develop children's physical quality. In the process of intervention training, we should pay attention to developing sports ability, improving psychological quality and coordinating physical and mental development.
(3) practical principles
According to the age and psychological characteristics of children, psychological training is carried out through physical objects, pictures, scenes, etc. , so as to master the real life and learning skills, vivid, avoid abstract preaching.
(4) Individualization principle
Autistic children vary greatly among individuals. Any psychological intervention means and methods should take into account different living environments and conditions, scientifically design according to different characteristics of individuals, integrate intervention into life, design individualized teaching programs according to children's actual abilities, and carry out education and training step by step.
(5) the principle of multi-channel coordination
Abnormal sensory perception is an important cause of cognitive defects in autistic children, and excessive or insufficient cognition leads to abnormal emotions and behaviors. In psychological intervention, we should try our best to use various sensory organs to stimulate autistic children in various channels to help them distinguish their ability to receive and process different information, so as to improve their perception level.
Healthy children, happy families!