Mount Tai is not only a place where emperors worship Zen, but also a place where scholars of past dynasties boarded. For thousands of years, almost every gully and every rock here has the scars of sages and celebrities.
Confucius "Climb Mount Tai, Small World"
Among the numerous landscapes of Mount Tai, there are Confucius Boarding Place, Confucius Cliff, Snake Cliff and Zhanhuxi. Legend has it that Confucius "made a small fortune by climbing the East Mountain, and made a small world by climbing Mount Tai", which was called Confucius Cliff, also known as "Confucius made a small world". Southeast of the cliff is the Confucius Temple. Zong Gan once wrote: "The height of the sun is strong, and the strength of drilling can also be used in language; It should be natural to surpass its class and excel. "Praise Confucius' moral articles and the towering transcendence of Confucius' cliff. It is also said that Confucius once climbed the cliff to see Qufu, the capital of Ludu. When crossing the river to kill a tiger, a woman cried in the grave and asked her why. The woman said, "My father and husband were killed by tigers, and now my son is dead." Confucius said, "Why not live outside the mountain?" The woman cried and said, "There are no cruel rules here!" Confucius sighed: "Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger!" "Confucius has forged an indissoluble bond with Mount Tai all his life. Until his death, he also wrote "Qiu Lingge" and lamented: "Taishan is decadent! The philosopher is dying! " Visible mount tai's position in his mind.
Apart from Confucius, Sima Qian wrote "The Closed Sutra", Guan Zi wrote "The Closed Sutra" and Zhang Heng wrote "Four Sorrow Poems", which shows that Confucian scholars and scholars worship Mount Tai. Cao Zhi's "Driving a Car" not only expresses sincere admiration for "God is like Mount Tai, and the five mountains are famous in the world", but also expresses the feelings of pursuing seclusion and pursuing immortality: "Eating Xia can wash your hair and shape your feathers. This is a virtual outline and a mystery. In the same year, I will live forever. "
Cao Zhi moved to Kanke in his later years and established six fiefs. These six fiefs are Pingyuan, Linzi, Juancheng, Qiu Yong, Junyi and Dong 'a, which are located in the east, north and west of Thailand, not far from Mount Tai. Therefore, in the process of moving back and forth, I have climbed Mount Tai many times to express my worries. Please look at its "Flying Dragon": "I visited Mount Tai in the morning, and the clouds are graceful. Suddenly met two children, the color is fresh and good. Ride on the white deer and the grass will be gone. I know real people, the dragon knelt down and asked. Jin Lou Fu Lu Xi Deng Yu Tang. Give me an elixir made by the Jade Emperor. Teach me to feed my brain. Life is like a stone, it is difficult to grow old forever. " Entering Mount Tai is like visiting a fairyland. When you meet a fairy, you get a fairy medicine. It is full of romance, expressing your dissatisfaction with reality and seeking relief.
All five sacred mountains, no idea of distance, Du Li.
Many of Li Bai's touching poems are related to Shandong. He climbed Mount Tai from the Imperial Road in the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He is ecstatic and wants to become an immortal. He wrote six poems about visiting Mount Tai, three of which described the magnificent scenery he saw when he climbed Mount Riguan. Third, he said, "Let's go to Japan with an open mind. Spirit flying, such as out of heaven and earth. The Yellow River comes from the west and winds into the distant mountains. Looking at the edge of the cliff is eight poles, and the eyes are as long as possible. " Its five clouds: "The sun is tilted to the northeast, and two cliffs are sandwiched by two stones. The sea fell before my eyes, and the sky was far away and clear. Thousands of peaks compete and are unique in thousands of miles. " Looking around from the top of Mount Tai, the poet couldn't help flying in the air, arousing his lofty thought of transcending heaven and earth.
At the foot of Rushan Mountain at the southwest foot of Culai Mountain, the mountains are stacked and the ancient bamboos are towering. Because there are patterns on the natural stone screen, such as deeply carved bamboo leaves, it is named Zhuxi. Li Bai once lived here with Confucius, Han Zhun, Pei Zheng, Tao Mian and other literati, and is known as the "Liu Yi of Zhuxi". Drinking and having fun all day long and letting go of birthdays is a great story in ancient and modern poetry circles. Qiu Zhuo, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote the poem "Six Meanings of Bamboo Creek": "In ancient times, the bamboos were full of streams, and the water in the streams was clear. The past is invisible and the traces are still blurred. "
Expressed deep yearning. There is a unique Xiufeng in the southeast of Zhuxi, and the three peaks on the top of the mountain are abrupt and towering into the sky. There is the word "Du Xiufeng" under the peak, which is a true book handed down by Li Bai, with free and easy handwriting and strong circulation.
Du Fu wrote the praise of Mount Tai with the well-known and enduring "Looking at the Moon", and permanently linked himself with the majestic Mount Tai:
The origin of the ancient poem "the scar of literati": the grandeur of Mount Tai! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu .. magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. The self-confidence of "reaching the top, taking in everything in a glance" actually expresses the poet's ambition to reach the top of his career. This poem describes the majestic posture of Mount Tai and the magnificent mind of the poet. Among many poems about Mount Tai, it is undoubtedly the best one.
Because Li Bai and Du Fu closely linked themselves with Mount Tai with their own activities and poems, later generations took out a sentence from their poems, integrated a pair of couplets with unique interest and far-reaching implications, and wrote them on the Wanxian Building of Mount Tai: "I am a madman in the State of Chu, and all the five mountains are sacred, and I don't think far; Di has left another family. In my opinion, from this commanding height, sadness is everywhere. "
Song dynasty was full of romance.
Mount Taishan Lingyan Temple, Tiantai National Temple, Jiangling yuquan temple and Nanjing qixia temple are also called "the four wonders of the region". The number of literati in and around the temple is the most in Song Dynasty. Both poetry and books are acceptable, which is a perfect match.
The Thousand-Buddha Hall is the main building of Lingyan Temple, with cypress in the east and a poem about Huangmaogang written by Su Dongpo on it: "Walking drunk on Huangmaogang, the mountains are littered with rocks like sheep. The gang leader took the stone as a bed and looked up at the vast white clouds. ..... Passers-by look up at the southeast and clap their hands and laugh you crazy. "
The cursive script is like a dragon and a phoenix flying. If the river runs down, it will be integrated with the artistic conception of the poem, which makes people feel heroic. According to textual research, Su Shi has never been to Lingyan. This poem was written when he was guarding Xuzhou and went to Huangmaogang, Yunlong Mountain in the south of the city. Obviously, later generations attached themselves to this temple to decorate the famous temples.
To the west of the Thousand Buddhas Hall, there is a bhikkhu tower. The wall of this courtyard is embedded with Su Zhe's poem "Visit to Huangmaogang": "How heavy the green hills are, the bottom of the earthen bag is exhausted. The rock is high and thin, and the color is as new. Contact with dust and filter your breath. Seeing the real person in the hall, I can't feel it for the first time. Founder Gu Chan Bo was inspired by Thorne. People are still depressed, and jackals walk at night. White cranes attract clear water, and sweetness is better than alcohol. Qinglong mouth is loud and white. It's still full of beds, but it's just vegetables and rice There are 500 monks whose diet is safe. My thoughts are cold, Quartet brothers. What do you say to shelter China's house from the wind and rain? Suffering like a donkey. " This poem was written by Su Zhe when he visited Lingyan in Yuanfeng during his two years as qi zhou Palm Secretary. The handwriting is dignified and elegant, full of poetry, and the quiet place of Lingyan is vividly described.
Behind the Thousand-Buddha Hall is the Imperial Book Pavilion, and the wall is inlaid with stone carvings of celebrities of all ages. The front wall is the cursive script "Tong Yuan Jing" written by Cai Bian Yuanfeng in the second year of the Song Dynasty (1079), with a total of 1400 words, with bold brushwork and elegant manners, like a dragon and snake. Cai Bian is Wang Anshi's son-in-law. He studied in Anshi since childhood and was a famous calligrapher at that time.
On the west side of the revolutionary martyrs monument, there is a steep stone standing upright, named "Worship Stone", named after Mi Fei, one of the four famous people in the Song Dynasty. It is said that during the Song Dynasty, when Mi Fei was a general in Wuwei (now central Anhui), he refused to worship corrupt official Mai. Instead, I wear formal clothes to worship ancient stones and play with toys every morning, saying, "I would rather worship ignorant stones than face mice (that is, Mai Zhiming)." Hearing this, McGonagall was furious and fired Mi Fei. Later generations engraved the word "worship the stone" on this steep stone to praise its honesty and frankness.
Shi Jie, a famous scholar and writer in the early Northern Song Dynasty, often studied at the foot of Culai Mountain, so he was named "Mr. Culai". Being "exhausted by thick reading, learning and aspiring". Because he was in favor of innovation, he was repeatedly attacked and framed by conservatives and died of grief and indignation. Su Shi once wrote "Crying for Mr. Shi Shulai" and praised his integrity and articles: "Mr. Soul returns to the sky, and Mr. Xing Ling returns to dusk. Open the articles of the world and bury them in the past. "
Come like a poet.
Yuan Haowen (1190-1297), a native of Taiyuan, was a famous poet in the Jin Dynasty. 1235 visited Mount Tai, wrote "A Journey to the East", and recorded various inscriptions on Taishan cultural relics. He was still in Taishan, and made an investigation on the record that "the cock crow in Taishan rises at sunrise and rises three feet", and learned the fact that "those who have tasted the cock crow on the mountain are in the sky", thus drawing the conclusion that "Gai Daizong is half a day taller than the sky, and the twilight is different from the flat ground".
His poem "Traveling to Mount Tai" depicts the grandeur and precipitousness of Mount Tai with exaggerated pen and ink:
The origin of the ancient poem "The Trace of Literati": Mount Tai is as boundless as Yu Xiaotai. Jue Chu, the hand of nature, what a hero! No matter how high the Tianmen is, the natural barrier can be crossed. The accumulation and basic blocks of the Soviet Union have been clearly seen for a long time. ..... Mountain gods see strange things, such as poets. The cock crows at the sun, and there is no atmosphere around. Six dragons emerge from hibiscus and turn to Qingyun.
"I traveled to Tianmen the day after tomorrow, and I was lucky enough to stay under Xianyan." His "Send Son to Bushan" tells the story of his traveling with his son. Tian Nizi (that is, Zhang Zhichun, a Taoist priest of Mount Tai in the Yuan Dynasty) also poetically wrote down the beautiful scenery of the Peach Blossom Garden: "Water comes from heaven and earth, and the world is connected by one vein. Not far from Taoyuan, peach blossoms are flowing out. " Taohuayu is famous for its old peach forest full of valleys; Also known as Hongyuchuan, it is because Danying adorns streams and dances like rain. Different from elegant and delicious poems, Mount Tai written by Zhang, a Yuan Sanqu writer, has a magnificent realm, describing the grandeur and preciseness of Mount Tai, as well as the grandeur and heroism of his own mind: "When the wind and cloud meet, I will ascend to heaven in one fell swoop, and I will have this scene all my life, and I will be happy." It's nine o'clock through the ages, and the sea is three points. You know the pass from Jing's prescription, and you will feel wider in the future. Laughing at Hongya's new work, the crane is full of cold. "
In the Qing Dynasty, Gu's Sun Guanfeng was also extraordinary. Magnificent, wrote another feeling of watching the sunrise on Mount Tai: "The mountain does not see the southeast, and the cock crows." Huang Yun fell in the black Yunfu, and the golden wheel was as fresh as blood. At that time, Li Bai came almost tomorrow, and the wind swept Liuhe without fiber. Spirit flies out of heaven and earth, and sings strange sentences to attract Penglai. I'm in a daze today. Andrew's sword parted a cloud of smoke and pointed directly at the poverty of Fusang. "
There is a hermit in "the pursuit of pleasure"
Tianjiangfang East Road is the former site of Su Yuanming, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Su is a native of Wugong County, Jingzhao (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province), living in Xu and Yan, and studying hard and literature and history. Tianbao was promoted to a scholar, but moved to Shaojian, and he had a deep friendship with Du Fu. Du Yun: "I'm lonely, I'm a hiker. I have been studying in Dongyue Middle School for ten years. "
In the northwest of Zhao Pu Temple in Mount Tai, there is a site of Wuxian Temple. Sun Fu, a beginner in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Shi Jie, a writer, once built a library under Mount Tai, and Hu Yuan, an educator, came here to study under Mr. Sun and Mr. Shi Er. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a shrine dedicated to Mr. Sun and Mr. Twelve, named "Yang Dedian", commonly known as "Erxian Dian". In Qin Long, Hu Yuan was added and renamed as "Sanxian Temple". During the Qing Dynasty, Song Tao, an imperial envoy in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and Zhao, a scholar in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, were added, so it was renamed "Wuxian Temple".
Sun Fu (992— 1057), whose real name is Mingfu, was born in Pingyang, Jinzhou (now Linfen, Shanxi) and lived in seclusion in Mount Tai. He is called Mr. Taishan, and he is an official in the temple. Together with Shi Jie and Hu Yuan, they are also called "Mr. Song Xiaosan". His major works are Wang Zun in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Shijie (1005- 1045), a native of Fengfu, Yanzhou (now Taian, Shandong Province), lived in seclusion in Culai Mountain and was known as Mr. Culai in the world. Official to Prince Zhongyun. He likes good and evil, goes forward bravely, dares to act boldly, and is repeatedly slandered by traitor officials. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Zhu Lai, Tang Jian, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and On China.
Hu Yuan (993— 1059) was born in Hailing, Taizhou (now Taixian, Jiangsu) and lived in Andingbao, Shaanxi Road. Scholars call him Mr. An Ding, an official doctor and a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Li Yan learned the rules and set an example. He is the author of The Analects of Confucius and Chunqiu Formula.
Song Tao (1571-1614) was born in Taian. Ming Wanli Jinshi, the official to the suggestion. Because he was outspoken, he was squeezed out by eunuchs and took the opportunity to retire. He built a "Qingyanju" under Dai and wrote a book. He is the author of The Origin of Neo-Confucianism, Records of Time and Habit, and Chronicle of Mount Tai.
Zhao (1673— 1750), whose name is Ren Pu, is from Tai 'an. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, he was a scholar, and the official was the minister of punishments and the minister of rites, and he worshipped the University of Wenyuange. Being in power for decades, he is not afraid of power and is far-sighted. Later, he asked to go back to the field and give lectures at Mount Taishan Qingyan Academy. He is the author of Text Series, Difficult Notes in Universities, Miscellaneous Notes in Small Gardens, Fu on the Great Wall, etc.
On the east side of Zhuxi is greedy Le Yan, the secluded place of Lu Maozhi, a Confucian in Yuan Dynasty. The steep stone wall stands in the southeast, with the seal cutting "Greedy Rock" on it. In the north, people performed Zhai Yi. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Xu Heng, a philosopher and scholar in Jixian County, abandoned his official position and lived here to study the Book of Changes. His room plaque is called "Lu Zhai", and scholars call him Mr. Lu Zhai.
In addition, at the top of Tianshen Rock in water curtain cave, there is a water curtain poem written by Zhong Xing, a writer in the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 16): "Rain covers Zhong Xing, above the white clouds (Wu Weiming), winter loves its source (Gu Lin 'an), and lack of water supports (Zhong Xing). In the Stone Dome (Wu Weiming), it will ring as soon as it is ready (Zhong Xing), which was completed by Dai Wei (Wu Weiming) and won the grand prize (Zhong Xing). "I used to think that this poem was written by Zhong Xing alone, which shows that this poem is coherent and closely related, and it is better than self-transportation.