Financial management is a technical subject, which mainly focuses on the methods of enterprise as a whole and financial management, as well as the calculation and evaluation of financial indicators.
In the whole financial management system, there is a very important idea interspersed: that is the time value of funds. Money is valuable, Baidu Encyclopedia defines it as: the time value of funds refers to the appreciation of funds over time in the process of production and circulation. It can also be regarded as the use cost of funds. Funds will not automatically increase in value over time, but only in the process of investment, so this time value is generally replaced by risk-free investment rate of return, because rational individuals will not idle funds. It changes with time and is a function of time, and its value changes with the passage of time, and the changed value is the original time value of funds. It only makes sense to combine with labor, which is different from inflation.
In my recent study, I feel that learning accounting should first establish a framework of accounting system in my mind. Within this framework, we should first study every knowledge point, and then connect all knowledge points in series to form the knowledge of the whole accounting system. So is financial management. First of all, we must establish the concept of financial management in our hearts. With this concept, it will be much easier for us to learn various knowledge points again.
Fund raising management-fund operation-investment management-fund allocation-performance evaluation
Actually, I'm still in a confused stage. If I don't have a good sense of numbers, I really feel that I will never reach the level of a financial expert. I don't know if this thing can be cultivated, but after studying for a long time, some numbers will flow in my blood.
Learn to manage money with your brain and experience it with your heart.
Financial accounting experience (2) 1. As a financial officer, my main task is to check whether there are any mistakes in the company's raw material documents, such as car number, test results, quantity and stickers, and find and correct them in time, so that the problems will not be left to the next day, so as to assist the lower-level settlement work to provide them with correct data sources. Because I strictly abide by the discipline of unit settlement, I am very careful and have not made any mistakes. Although I haven't made any mistakes at this point, I still need to be vigilant and try to avoid mistakes.
2. I am willing to accept the daily and temporary tasks arranged. As a financial worker, I will be very clear about my responsibilities in financial work. In normal times, I will do it strictly according to the requirements. In the process of work, don't leave your post, unite and cooperate, don't delay working hours, and let yourself have more time to do more work. In addition, we should conscientiously study financial laws and regulations and consciously act in accordance with national financial policies and procedures. Can make full use of spare time according to business arrangements, strengthen the study and training of financial business knowledge, understand the basic situation of customers and abide by the financial secrecy system, and never disclose it.
3. Actively participate in various political and business studies organized by this unit and study hard.
Notes, and through newspapers and magazines, computer networks and TV news and other media, strengthen political and ideological and moral cultivation.
4. Work hard to learn business knowledge, actively participate in various business skills training organized by relevant departments, and always take enhancing service awareness as the basis of all work; Always make the work rigorous and meticulous, down-to-earth, pragmatic. Always devote oneself to one's own work with dedication, enthusiasm and patience, constantly improve the learning methods, stress the learning effect, "learn at work and work in learning", persist in applying what one has learned, pay attention to integration, integrate theory with practice, consolidate and enrich one's comprehensive knowledge with new knowledge, new thinking and new enlightenment, and constantly improve one's comprehensive ability.
In this year's work summary of accountants, I know that as a qualified financial worker, I should not only have relevant knowledge and skills, but also have a rigorous, meticulous and patient work style. At the same time, I realize that no matter what position, even if it is an unremarkable job, I must do it with my heart. Even if it is a boring job in the eyes of others, I must be good at finding fun from it, changing with each passing day and seeking innovation from change. There are ups and downs in work, achievements and shortcomings. I will continue to carry forward my achievements in my future work, make positive progress, contribute to the company's financial work and strive for perfection.
Experience of financial accounting (Chapter III) As the leader of a company's financial department, we must first have specific requirements for subordinates in a certain period of time. For example, financial process, tax planning, business process, financial processing standardization requirements, etc. ; Cooperation. This is very important, and the internal staff of the financial department must cooperate closely, otherwise, the work will be difficult to carry out; Establishment and function expansion of dynamic building plan. For example, tax files, cost files, annual reports, discussion and analysis of management, etc. Establish a learning team. Because only by continuous learning, but also to lead the whole team to learn, and constantly cultivate and explore talents, the team and the company will make progress.
We look at the risk of enterprises from the break of xx capital chain, which makes many managers have a headache: the scale of enterprises has expanded, but the profits have decreased, the sales have gone up, the costs have gone out of control, and the scale growth and profit growth of enterprises are often out of sync. What's more, it is actually an abyss for enterprises to take a step forward after successfully crossing the critical period of entrepreneurship.
For enterprises, the biggest challenge is that the innovation of business model is dynamic. If an enterprise's business model is not optimized and innovated for x years or even longer, its competitive position and profitability will be greatly challenged. The five mysteries of enterprise management are: safety, smoothness, value-added, speed and realization. The company's financial planning has three elements:
The health of the financial system. A reasonable financial system should include investment system, financing system and financial management system. The health of the financial system determines the overall financial situation, operating ability and anti-risk ability of the enterprise;
2. Cash flow. Cash flow is the blood of an enterprise, including cash inflow and cash outflow. Lack of cash assets will lead to the interruption of business cycle.
3. profit. Profit comes from income minus cost. Sales revenue is related to market opportunities and competition, and the cost can be controlled by itself. Enterprises should explore from within to reduce costs. Measurement of profit: sprint performance cannot be used to measure long-distance running events.
The management of "short-term loan" is related to the changes and differences in each stage of enterprise operation. Often in order to solve the liquidity problem, the biggest risk is that it cannot be repaid when it expires; The biggest risk in "accounts payable" is liquidity; "Employee compensation" is related to the nature of the enterprise. What is the actual amount of monthly employee compensation? Need to be managed separately. The purpose of "long-term loan" is generally investment in fixed assets with a relatively long term, but long-term investment due within one year should be classified as short-term loan management. The problem of liabilities is mainly risk management, and managing the controllable degree of risks in advance is the key element to control risks.
As a manager of a company's financial work, it is necessary to integrate enterprise development into financial concepts, establish an excellent financial team, standardize accounting, conduct investment and financing management, financial analysis, tax planning, dividend distribution, performance appraisal and control rights management.
Generally speaking, to be a good example, you must have the following characteristics: foresight and creativity, daring to take risks and challenging the authority of managers; Learn communication and human resource management skills; Have a good understanding of the organization and network. To create a good environment, there are convenient ways to obtain external information. Grasp accurate and timely financial information with the least manual intervention. Flexible, flexible and sensitive, consistent with processes and customers, able to make decisions with expert opinions, able to form a team and have comprehensive ability to deal with special things.
Financial Accounting Experience (IV) The rapid development of China's economy has promoted the development of the securities market closely related to accounting information. At present, the securities market has paid unprecedented attention to accounting information and put forward higher requirements for the quality of accounting information. In recent years, a series of shocking false accounting reports and fraud incidents have seriously affected the confidence of rational investors in the securities market and hindered the normal development of China's securities market, and the importance of financial accounting has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, how to deeply understand its subtleties and how to use appropriate financial analysis skills is of great significance to the correct decision-making of information users!
On the basis of primary accounting, this textbook further deepens the understanding of accounting objectives and accounting principles, and further expounds the accounting treatment methods of accounting elements and major accounting items, the preparation methods of accounting statements, and the use and analysis methods of accounting information in accounting practice.
The book is divided into fourteen chapters, which not only expounds the basic theories, knowledge and methods of financial accounting, but also introduces and evaluates the current accounting policies and accounting standards, paying more attention to the accounting information processing methods and analysis methods under the current accounting theories and accounting policies.
This book pays attention to the use of cases, and arranges cases before each chapter to enhance readers' interest in learning the contents of each chapter and their perceptual knowledge of related accounting practices. The main chapters are followed by summary cases, which are convenient for students to apply and consolidate the key knowledge of each chapter in practical cases.
This book is practical. At the end of the book, reference answers or tips of main exercises and cases are attached, which is convenient for students to test their mastery of knowledge in each chapter.
This book is suitable for undergraduates majoring in accounting, financial management, economics and management as a teaching material for financial accounting. In addition, it is also suitable for enterprise managers, financial personnel and related personnel who expect to acquire accounting knowledge to use and refer to it.
Financial accounting experience (Chapter 5) "Practice is the only criterion for testing truth". Look, the two-week training in these two days is coming to a successful conclusion. For our accounting students, this is a challenging but passionate process!
I. Training time: 20xx from June 8th to June 2nd1.
Second, the purpose of training: through accounting training, students can systematically practice the basic procedures and specific methods of enterprise accounting, strengthen their understanding of theoretical knowledge of this major, improve their practical ability and improve their level of using basic accounting skills, which is also a test of their professional knowledge. Make each student master the accounting skills and methods of filling in, checking original vouchers and bookkeeping vouchers, and registering account books, and experience the specific work of accounting posts such as cashier, material clerk and bookkeeper, so as to have a more systematic and complete understanding of the learned theory and finally achieve the goal of combining accounting theory with accounting practice.
3. Training content: Taking the actual economic business of the enterprise as training materials, and using the vouchers and accounts in accounting work, we conduct systematic operation experiments on all steps of accounting, including the establishment of account books and the filling of the balance at the beginning of the month, the review and filling of original vouchers and accounting vouchers, and the registration, reconciliation and closing of various account books.
4. Training experience: The two-day training was completed in the process of enrichment and struggle. I remember when I first started training, I was so busy, so tired and even at a loss. I could only rely on the guidance and help of my teacher. Through these ten days of accounting training, I deeply realized the principles of objectivity, substance over form, relevance, consistency, comparability, timeliness, clarity, accrual basis, matching, historical cost, dividing income and expenditure into capital expenditure, prudence and importance, as well as the importance of accounting work in the daily operation of enterprises and the strict requirements of accounting work for our accounting practitioners. Let me master the basic process of bookkeeping, exercise my hands-on operation ability, let me further appreciate the fun inside, and more importantly, find my own shortcomings. It enables me to master a complete business cycle of accounting operation comprehensively and systematically, that is, from the establishment of accounts at the beginning, the filling and review of original vouchers and bookkeeping vouchers, the registration and checking of account books, the correction of wrong accounts, the application of accounting treatment procedures to the preparation of accounting statements, thus forming a complete enterprise accounting. Also let me know what I have learned in the past year, which makes me more interested in this major.
As the saying goes, "If you want to add a fire to your career, you have to add an extra bundle of materials". This training, I deeply realized the importance of accumulating knowledge. Some topics were not mentioned in the book, so I didn't study them. I suddenly feel really ignorant when I do it. Although I can still solve the problem now, I still waste a lot of time, which I must improve in my future study. Another point, which is also an indispensable part of every training, is the mutual assistance among the students. Some things are not wrong when they are done, but they are wrong when they are reconciled. Let their classmates take a look at it and find it is actually a small mistake. Therefore, it is very important to help each other. This is also crucial in future work or life.
Two weeks of training is over, and I have gained a lot. Generally speaking, I am satisfied with this training. This has taught me a lot. Although I am very tired, I really appreciate that the school can give students such exercise opportunities, especially accounting majors. After all, accounting is experienced, and more accounts can make practice perfect. I deeply understand what accounting is. Accounting is not only a profession, but also an interpretation of carefulness+patience+responsibility = life value. At the same time, I also realize that being a qualified accountant is not as easy as I thought before. The most important thing is to be meticulous and rigorous. Society doesn't want a useless person, so we need to change from a student to a worker faster.
The experience of financial accounting (Chapter VI) When it comes to learning accounting, it is definitely a process that cannot be sloppy. When I first started learning the first chapter of this course, I thought learning it was just memorizing definitions, but later I learned the following contents one after another and found that it was not. If you want to learn this course well, you must further apply it on the basis of understanding.
In my study, I found that it is a highly technical course, which mainly expounds the basic business methods of accounting. Therefore, the study of it should be carried out step by step according to the chapter order of the textbook. Only by understanding each method can we grasp the relationship between methods and master the whole method system. For example, when we determine whether the expenses are management expenses or manufacturing expenses, we must find out whether it is the factory department or the workshop. For another example, the purchased materials can only be recorded in the material purchase after being marked in the warehouse. Especially for beginners like us, many contents and concepts are new to us and it is very difficult to learn. After learning some contents, we have the idea of giving up. What's more, we have a fear. However, there are undeniable difficulties. As long as we have the correct learning methods and positive learning attitude, and finally add diligence, we will certainly win the dawn of success. Heaven rewards diligence!
I still remember when I was studying the first chapter, I always complained about why I had to remember so many definitions, so I just wanted to deal with it. In any case, the emphasis is on the later chapters, but accounting is also theoretical. This paper mainly expounds the accounting principle, including the basic accounting theory and the accounting method principle. Therefore, when studying, we must understand and master the course content from the perspective of principles. For example, when learning various accounting methods, we should understand their theoretical basis, not methodology; We should not only learn how to do it, but also understand why. It is necessary not only to avoid taking advantage of the specific business processing, but also to prevent ignoring the learning of its principles. In teaching materials, examples are often used to explain accounting principles and various accounting methods, so that we can better understand and master the principles through examples and learn to use them. It also requires us to be good at combining the basic accounting theory mentioned in the general introduction with the application of specific accounting methods mentioned later, so as to achieve a better understanding and mastery of the course content and lay a good foundation for the subsequent professional accounting courses.
Rigid, in the past we always defined this word as accounting, but I also want to say that after learning the basic knowledge of accounting, knowing how to learn and use it flexibly is the essence. The so-called flexible learning means not to know too much about the course content, such as account structure and account classification under the debit and credit bookkeeping method. Specifically, if we make an accounting entry, it doesn't mean that it will remain unchanged, but we should adjust the records of accounts regularly so that each account can correctly reflect the actual situation. When adjusting, we should use the accrual basis. Of course, the basis of flexible learning is a thorough understanding of the principle, because only by understanding the principle can we draw inferences; Only by mastering the principle can we use accounting methods according to the specific situation and give full play to the function of accounting, so as to better understand and master the course content.
Financial accounting refers to the accounting that mainly meets the decision-making of interested parties and takes the accounting information demand of enterprises as the main goal in the form of providing financial reports to the outside world. As an important part of economic management, accounting is constantly developing and improving to meet the needs of social production development and management. In social production, on the one hand, accountants record and calculate the consumption of manpower and material resources and the quantity of labor products in the production process; On the other hand, it is necessary to analyze, control and audit the consumption and labor achievements in the production process, so as to urge people to save labor consumption and improve economic benefits.
Learning experience of financial accounting III
Accounting is a very practical subject. After three and a half years of professional study, on the premise of mastering some basic accounting knowledge, in order to further consolidate theoretical knowledge and organically combine theory with practice, I conducted a six-week professional internship in the finance department of Tianjin Wire Mesh Equipment Supply and Marketing Company from March 5 to April 15, XX. The following are some experiences of this internship.
Through practice, I am familiar with and master every step of the accounting process and its specific operations, including understanding the content and basic structure of the account, understanding the bookkeeping rules of the debit and credit bookkeeping method, mastering the operation of opening an account and compiling accounting entries, filling in and reviewing the original vouchers, and filling in the bookkeeping vouchers according to the original vouchers. I have a deeper rational understanding of accounting and mastered the basic operating skills of accounting.
Step into the work in the future and lay a good foundation, which is the purpose of this internship! Before, I always thought that my knowledge of accounting theory was solid and strong, just like all work, mastering the rules and following the gourd painting gourd ladle. After this internship, I found that accounting actually pays more attention to its practical operation and practicality. Books seem just empty talk. If these highly theoretical things are put into practical application, there is really no way to start. This internship, I am an accountant. I was really not used to it at first. After only working for two days, I feel that people are falling apart, and my mood naturally becomes irritable. The taboo of accounting is impetuous, so I really made a lot of mistakes the other day! ! Fortunately, with the guidance and guidance of the old accountant Yang Dajie, I gradually entered the state.
After a few days, I have improved a lot in speed and accuracy, gained a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of various accounting subjects, and played a great role in the combination of book knowledge and practice. What you learn in textbooks is the most basic knowledge. No matter how the actual situation changes, as long as you master the most basic knowledge, you can respond to changes with constancy. Now many students feel that what they have learned in class is useless and depressed, but I think how to deal with the ever-changing society without book knowledge as the basis? After this practice, although the time is very short, what I have learned is difficult for me to understand in a semester at school. For example, how to get along with colleagues, I believe that interpersonal relationship is a big problem for many college students who have just stepped out of society, so I deliberately observed how seniors get along with colleagues and superiors during my internship, and I also humbly asked for advice to make the two-week internship more meaningful. This internship provides us with a rare opportunity to experience life in society, so that we can experience life in actual social activities and understand all kinds of abilities that we should have to survive in society.
Taking advantage of this rare opportunity, I worked hard, set strict demands on myself, humbly asked financial personnel for advice, earnestly studied accounting theory, studied accounting laws and regulations, and used my spare time to seriously study some related knowledge beyond the contents of textbooks, thus mastering some basic accounting skills, thus realizing what I should learn more in the future, strengthening my sense of urgency, and laying the foundation for truly stepping into society, displaying my talents and embarking on a job!
The experience of financial accounting (Chapter VII) walked into the classroom of Tsinghua University of Commerce, and financial accounting was at a loss, and walked out of the classroom.
Piles of concepts, formulas, nouns and numbers ... jumped out of Professor Xie Deren's mouth and smashed his head like a brick. In just a few days, he had to fill his brain with the knowledge of a thick book, and his brain with a large amount of information was almost short-circuited. Although I am confused now, I have gained a lot. After all, I understand many concepts, read simple financial statements, correct previous misunderstandings about accounting, and understand the importance of financial accounting ... The fog on my head shows that I still have a lot of knowledge to learn. I believe that as long as I am curious, I will disappear one day. In the words of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, I said to myself: The revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still need to work hard.
Before I came into contact with accounting, I think many people had only perceptual knowledge like me. Although it is closely related to our life, study and work, even some people have dealt with accountants, used accounting vouchers or read financial statements, but our definition of accounting is often writing and calculating. Through this study, I found that accounting is not that simple. Accounting is a kind of financial information system, which is used to alleviate the information asymmetry between internal and external personnel and between internal personnel.
If management has brought us into a general macro world, then accounting has brought us into a micro world of management, which makes us feel that this knowledge is influencing an enterprise with subtle power.
The mission of the company is to create value. Shareholders invest in pursuit of value, and operators and employees must create value for shareholders. Therefore, the purpose and main function of accounting management is to realize the growth of value. According to the rules and laws of value growth, an accounting management model is established, which is based on value measurement, evaluation and reporting, planning value objectives and management decisions, integrating various value drivers and management technologies, and combing management and business processes.
Through this study, I found that accounting is a subject with fatal details, and learning it can't be sloppy. We should carefully understand and master the accounting treatment, account book organization, account table structure, the ins and outs of various formulas and related figures of specific businesses. The study of financial management is a long and arduous process for me. The old man Xunzi said: "Perseverance, the stone is open." I hope that one day I can carve a little on the subject of financial accounting and stop being confused.
Financial accounting experience (Chapter 8) Financial accounting is an important basic work of modern enterprises. Because investors pay attention to the creation and increase of enterprise value, which is determined by future free cash flow and necessary rate of return, financial accounting provides useful information for management through a series of accounting procedures, so financial accounting focuses on the application of technology and methods in decision-making.
First, to learn financial accounting well, I think we can consider the following aspects:
(1) As a highly operational discipline, financial accounting is inseparable from the guidance of basic theories for every accounting transaction and the choice of accounting methods. Therefore, we are required to be familiar with the basic accounting standards, correctly understand the general principles of accounting, and follow the requirements of the general principles when dealing with various accounting businesses.
(2) The study of financial accounting must strive to summarize and apply relevant skills to make it easier to understand and master. When learning, we should make full use of the relevance of knowledge and find out the core points by analyzing the essence. The so-called core point is the similarities and differences of relevant knowledge. In financial accounting, the scrap business of property and materials, the accounting of related businesses of wholesale enterprises and retail enterprises and the compilation of cash flow statements can be refined by finding out the core points.
(3) Usually, the accounting process chart can be used to make complex problems become
Digging a bill is intuitive and clear. For example, when learning to entrust processing materials, the leasing and lending of packaging materials, the scrapping of low-value consumables, the sale, scrapping, damage, short-term lending and long-term lending of fixed assets, etc. The accounting procedure can be clearly outlined by using the method of accounting processing procedure diagram.
Second, the theoretical learning experience of financial accounting
When studying basic accounting, I mainly studied the basic principles of accounting. For example, the principle of fund balance: income-expense = profit; Assets = liabilities+owners' equity+(income-expenses); The setting of accounting subjects and accounts, double-entry bookkeeping and so on.
The research of financial accounting is based on the above. Through the study of general theory, we know that the goal of enterprise financial accounting is mainly to meet the needs of interested parties for enterprise accounting information in the form of providing financial reports to the outside world. To achieve this goal, the key is to ensure the quality of financial reports, so special accounting standards are needed.
(a) to understand the management of cash and bank deposits in monetary funds
In the past, we knew from our daily life that there were such occupations as accountants and cashiers, and we also met such people in banks with a large sum of money to handle business in them. However, after learning financial accounting, I understand their work.