1, the practical significance of carrying out bill of quantities valuation
Bill of quantities valuation refers to the bill of quantities of physical engineering projects and technical measures provided by the tenderer according to the requirements of engineering construction drawings and bidding documents and the current engineering quantity calculation scheme, so that the bidder can fill in the unit price item by item. Bidders calculate their own quotations according to the bill of quantities. Through market competition, a relatively reasonable bid price is finally formed and the winning bidder is determined. Once the winning unit price is confirmed by the contract, it becomes the basis for the final settlement of the project, that is, the quantity and price remain unchanged. The practical significance of implementing bill of quantities valuation lies in:
1. 1 bill of quantities is conducive to reasonable risk sharing. Compared with quota pricing (quantity and price integration), bill of quantities pricing (quantity and price separation) effectively reduces the risks of both parties to the contract and conforms to the principle of reasonable risk sharing. When carrying out bill of quantities valuation, the owner is responsible for determining the engineering quantity and bearing the risk of incorrect calculation of engineering quantity, and the construction enterprise puts forward the unit price of the project and bears the risk that the unit price of the project is not in line with the actual market.
1.2 bill of quantities valuation is an open and fair competition pricing method, which conforms to the operating rules of market economy and the rules of market competition. The valuation with bill of quantities is bound to compete for a reasonable low price, which can significantly improve the capital use efficiency of the owners, promote the construction enterprises to speed up technological progress and innovation, improve management, improve labor productivity and determine a reasonable construction scheme, and obtain reasonable or best profits at a reasonable low price. This is beneficial to both contracting parties and national economic construction and development, and it is a multi-benefit pricing model.
1.3 bill of quantities is convenient for project management. In addition to its pricing function, the contractor can also comprehensively consider the design drawings, construction specifications and bill of quantities to prepare the material procurement plan, arrange the resource plan and control the project cost, so that the total target cost is within the control range; The bill of quantities provides convenience for the owner's interim payment and final accounts of the project. With the bill of quantities, the owner strictly controls the project payment, design change and on-site visa during the construction process. Owners and engineers can also check the contractor's construction according to the bill of quantities, prepare and arrange funds, ensure the timely payment of the project price and control the investment; According to the contract and the owner's requirements, the contractor will strictly implement the principles and contents in the bill of quantities quotation, contact the owner and engineers in time, and reasonably increase the project payment to complete the project on time.
1.4 the implementation of bill of quantities valuation is conducive to international integration. The valuation method of bill of quantities has been popular in the world for hundreds of years, with complete regulations and mature system. This reform paves the way for China enterprises to participate in international engineering competition, and it is also a promise made by China after its entry into the WTO, which is more conducive to China to formulate the legal system of engineering cost as soon as possible to meet the requirements of the globalization of market economy.
1.5 carrying out bill of quantities valuation is conducive to standardizing pricing behavior. Carrying out bill of quantities valuation will unify the measurement units and measurement rules of construction projects, standardize the valuation behavior of construction projects, promote the deepening of project cost management reform and the innovation of management system, and finally establish a new mechanism of "zero project cost" through government macro-control and orderly market competition, which will also have a far-reaching impact on project bidding activities, project construction, management and supervision.
2. Problems existing in the implementation of bill of quantities valuation at this stage
Achievements have been made since the implementation of the Valuation Code, but there are also shortcomings.
2. 1 "Appraisal standard" has its own defects. The classification of "appraisal standard" is too general and incomplete. The code only comes out with 9 digits, and there is no further subdivision, which makes it impossible to realize the correct and complete subdivision of the project in the bidding process. So far, no institution in China has added the code to 12. The valuation code involves more than 400 inventory items. According to the engineering statistics in Shanghai and Guangdong, there are as many as 1000 projects involved. It can be seen that the list items in the pricing specification are far from meeting the actual needs.
2.2 At the initial stage of the implementation of bill of quantities pricing, bill pricing and quota pricing coexist. People's ideas are still stuck in the habit of using valuation quota. Some employers and contractors are still using quota pricing, and the bill of quantities is not provided as required in the bidding documents. Non-government investment and non-state-owned investment projects are still allowed to implement quota pricing. However, the traditional fixed pricing plan has a strong economic color, which not only violates the laws of the market, but also can not make enterprises launch healthy competition.
2.3 Construction enterprises do not have their own. Enterprise quota. Although the bill of quantities valuation allows enterprises to quote independently, at this stage, many enterprises have not yet formed their own internal quotas and still use the quotas promulgated by the state. However, the current national quota charging standard has remained unchanged for a long time, which does not conform to the actual market situation, forcing the competent authorities to constantly adjust the quota, resulting in complex coefficient setting and calculation methods, and inaccurate calculation, which has added difficulties to professional valuers.
2.4 Construction enterprises failed to form a unique quotation system. Due to the habit of using quota, construction enterprises failed to study the market price, reduced the project cost by improving the management level of enterprises, reduced the bid price by adopting new materials, new machinery and new construction methods, improved their competitiveness and created the best economic benefits, which made Chinese construction enterprises lag behind the international advanced level in information, management and high technology.
2.5 The management mode of project cost information is backward, which is reflected in the low accuracy, untimely and incomplete data of labor, materials, mechanical value, new technology and new process cost. Now is the information age, there is no information, information update is slow, and it can't provide reliable judgment for decision makers.
2.6 bid evaluation method is not conducive to reasonable low-cost bidding. Bill of quantities valuation will change the bidding mode. The most suitable bidding method for bill of quantities valuation is to adopt the reasonable low-price bid evaluation method which is not lower than the cost. There are still many differences. Due to the differences in the professional level of the units and personnel who prepare the pre-tender estimate, as well as the differences in the professional quality, experience and professional ethics of their bid evaluation experts, how to ensure the openness, fairness and justice of bidding activities and healthy competition in the market needs innovation and breakthrough.
3. Solutions to problems encountered in the implementation of bill of quantities valuation.
Although there are some problems in the implementation of the valuation standard, many units and individuals are actively exploring and looking for solutions to the problems. To sum up, the following solutions can be tried at all levels.
3. 1 Improve the construction of laws and regulations related to project valuation. It is necessary to further improve the details of pricing norms and formulate corresponding implementation measures, so that there must be laws to follow from the initial project proposal, feasibility study stage to bidding stage, to construction, completion, delivery and future protection and maintenance. It is necessary to specify the details of each stage in detail to ensure that there are few disputes and contradictions in the process of the project and ensure the smooth implementation of the project.
3.2 The Chief Executive should renew his ideas and change his functions. Under the condition of market economy, he should highlight the supervision function of the competent department and build a professional engineering cost information website. Set up cost information tracking points in typical enterprises, collect basic data of engineering cost, publish macroeconomic indicators and indicators of cost, guide construction enterprises to prepare internal quotas according to their own level, and strengthen engineering cost information services.
3.3 Strengthen the qualification management of BOQ preparation units in bidding, strengthen the qualification management of BOQ preparation units, strengthen the quality management of budget team, and attach importance to the supervision of preparation process. At the same time, experts and scholars should be organized to discuss how to do a good job in bid evaluation and calibration, speed up the exploration of these problems in theoretical circles and cost industry, and design a set of scientific, reasonable and easy-to-operate bidding methods.
3.4 Establish and improve the enterprise internal quota as soon as possible. For construction enterprises, it is necessary to give full play to their own characteristics and advantages, establish and improve their own internal quotas as soon as possible, and establish an enterprise inquiry system, which can truly reflect the market conditions and make short-term and medium-term market price trend forecasts. In addition, enterprises should accelerate scientific and technological innovation, introduce new materials, new machinery and advanced construction technology, improve labor productivity and management level, and improve management system. Do a good job in the training and continuing education of appraisers in this enterprise, and improve the comprehensive quality of appraisers by learning new knowledge and theories. In short, make enterprises adapt to market competition and international competition.
3.5 Actively cultivate and develop professional cost consulting intermediaries. According to the commitment of China government, the restrictions on the engineering cost consulting industry should be lifted in 2005, and a Sino-foreign joint venture and an independent foreign-funded consulting industry can be established in this field, which will make the talents in the field of engineering cost management in China, especially senior talents, flow to these enterprises, posing a potential crisis to the engineering cost management in China. Therefore, we must catch up, actively cultivate, support and develop our own cost consulting institutions, and make them an indispensable backbone for serving the government, enterprises and engineering construction.
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