1. If you are buried under the ruins in the earthquake, you must build up the confidence to survive. I believe someone will come to save you.

2. After the earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, avoiding unstable collapsed objects above the body and other objects that are easy to fall; Expand the stable living space and support the ruins with bricks and sticks to prevent the environment from further deterioration after aftershocks.

3. Protect breathing smoothly, remove impurities from the head and chest, and cover your nose and mouth with wet clothes when you smell gas and toxic gases (but the protection of dust pollution requires covering your nose and mouth with dry cloth).

4. Try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of danger, save your strength as much as possible, hit objects that can make sound with stones and send out distress signals. Don't cry, don't be impatient and don't act blindly.

5. Maintain life. If you have been buried under the rubble for a long time, rescuers have not arrived, or you have not heard the distress signal, you must find ways to maintain your life. The water and food in the earthquake-proof bag must be stored, and try to find food and drinking water.

reference data

Baidu encyclopedia-earthquake

2. Small knowledge of earthquake self-care and self-help

It is a better method of emergency protection to avoid nearby during an earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake.

The so-called nearby avoidance means making different countermeasures according to different situations. School staff are earthquake-proof at school. What is most needed in the earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers.

In areas with medium and long-term earthquake prediction, students should be taught about earthquakes, prevention and shock absorption in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, we should arrange the route and venue for students to transfer and evacuate; After the earthquake, calmly direct the students to evacuate in an orderly manner.

In a relatively solid and safe house, students who can hide under desks, beside platforms and in teaching buildings can go to small rooms supported by pipes, and students are not allowed to run around or jump off buildings. During the earthquake, when walking in the street to prevent earthquakes, there are glass fragments and concrete fragments outside the building, as well as advertising signs, tinplates, neon red light frames and so on. , may fall and hurt people. Therefore, when walking in the street, it is best to put a bag or a soft object on your head, and you can also cover your head with your hands when you are free. Try to prepare for self-defense. To be calm, leave the telephone poles and fences quickly and run to a relatively open place to hide.

Workshop workers can hide under cars, machine tools and tall equipment, and don't panic and run around. Workers in special posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines in time, and close the operating equipment. Most people can leave the work site, and a few people can stay at the site to monitor the danger at any time under the premise of safety protection, deal with possible accidents in time and prevent secondary disasters.

When an earthquake occurs, the driver of the vehicle should slow down as soon as possible and brake gradually. (2) Passengers (especially on the train) should firmly grasp the handle, post or seat with their hands, and pay attention to prevent luggage from falling from the luggage rack and hurting people. People facing the driving direction should put their arms on the seat cushion in front, protect their faces, lean toward the passage, and protect their heads with their hands; People with their backs to the direction of driving should protect the back of their heads with their hands, raise their knees to protect their abdomen, tighten their bodies and take a defensive posture. It is extremely important for people in the building to stay awake and calm during the earthquake, judge the vibration situation in time, and never jump off the building in panic.

Secondly, you can hide under solid furniture, or in a corner, or you can move to a kitchen, toilet and small room with many load-bearing walls for temporary shelter. Because these places have strong binding force, especially the pipeline has good supporting force and large seismic coefficient after treatment.

In a word, according to the building layout and indoor conditions, we can evaluate the situation and find safe spaces and passages to avoid and reduce casualties. In case of an earthquake in the store, keep calm when there is an earthquake in the department store.

Due to the panic of people and the falling of goods, the refuge passage may be blocked. At this time, you should hide near big pillars and big commodities (avoid commodity display cabinets), or hide in an unobstructed passage, and then bend down and wait for the earthquake to subside.

In the upstairs position, in principle, it is best to transfer to the ground floor. However, stairs are often the weak parts of buildings in earthquake resistance. Therefore, we must seize the opportunity to escape.

Attendants should organize the masses to avoid nearby and evacuate safely after the earthquake. If you are buried under the ruins after the earthquake, it is dark around and there is only a very narrow space. Don't panic, be calm, build up confidence in survival, and believe that someone will come to save you and do everything possible to protect yourself.

After an earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, and the situation may continue to deteriorate. In order to avoid new injuries, we should try our best to improve our environment. At this time, if you carry an emergency kit with you, it will play a great role in getting out of danger.

In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, we should protect the smooth breathing, remove the debris from the head and chest, and cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes when you smell gas and toxic gases; Avoid weak collapsed objects and other falling objects above the body; Expand the stable living space and support the ruins with bricks and sticks to prevent the environment from further deterioration after aftershocks. Try to get out of danger.

If you can't find a way out of danger, save your strength as much as possible, and beat something that can make a sound with a stone to send out a distress signal. Don't cry, don't be impatient, don't act blindly, it will consume a lot of energy and physical strength. Try to control your emotions or close your eyes and wait for rescuers to arrive. If you are injured, try to dress it to avoid excessive bleeding.

Sustain life. If you have been buried under the rubble for a long time, rescuers have not arrived, or you have not heard the distress signal, you must find ways to maintain your life. Water and food in the earthquake-proof bag must be stored, and ways should be found to find food and drinking water. Your urine can also quench your thirst if necessary.

After the earthquake, it is impossible for the external disaster relief team to rush to the disaster relief site immediately. In this case, in order to let more people buried under the rubble get precious lives, people in disaster areas actively participate in mutual rescue, which is the most timely and effective way to reduce casualties, and also embodies the lofty virtue of "saving people from danger". Timely rescue time, the greater the hope of being rescued.

According to relevant data, the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 20 minutes after the earthquake is over 98%, and the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 1 hour after the earthquake is reduced to 63%. Among those who could not be rescued within two hours after the earthquake, 58% died of suffocation. They died not because the building collapsed in the earthquake, but because of suffocation. If they can be rescued in time, they can completely get life.

Hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the ruins in Tangshan earthquake, and most of them were reborn through self-help and mutual help. The mutual aid action of the people in the disaster area has played an irreplaceable role in the whole earthquake relief.

The time to save people after the earthquake should be fast, and the principle of fast time, accurate target, proper method and growing mutual rescue team should be strived for. The specific approach is: first save the neighborhood, whether it is family, neighbors or strangers, don't go far; Save those who are saved first, so as to quickly expand the mutual rescue team; Save young adults and medical staff first, so that they can give full play to their role in disaster relief; Save "life" first, and then save "people"

In the Tangshan earthquake, every time a rural woman saved a person, she only showed her head to avoid suffocation, and then went to save another person.

3. Safety knowledge of self-help and mutual rescue in primary and secondary schools-protect yourself like this when an earthquake occurs.

When the earthquake happened,

1. If there is a sudden earthquake in the bungalow, you should quickly get under the bed and table and cover your head with bedding, pillows, washbasins, etc. Then leave the house as soon as possible after the earthquake and move to a safe place. If the house collapses in the earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and never move. Wait until the earthquake stops before going in or out or waiting for rescue.

If you live in a building and there is an earthquake, don't try to run out of the building, because time is too late. The safest and most effective way is to hide in the smallest room between two load-bearing walls in time, such as bathroom and kitchen. You can also hide under tables, cabinets and other furniture and in the corner of the room, paying attention to protecting your head. Never hide under the balcony or window.

If there is an earthquake in the classroom, don't panic, let alone run around in the classroom or fight to get out. Students near the door can run outside quickly, and students in the middle and back rows can hide under the desks as soon as possible and cover their heads with schoolbags; Students who lean against the wall should stick to the root of the wall and cover their heads with their hands.

If you have left the room, don't go back to the house to get things immediately after the earthquake stops. Because after the first earthquake, there will be aftershocks, which pose a greater threat to people.

If there is an earthquake in public, don't panic and run around. You can improvise and hide in a safe place nearby, such as under the desk, cabinet, stage and orchestra pit.

If you are in the street, don't run into the building to avoid danger. Don't stay in dangerous places such as tall buildings, billboards, narrow hutongs and bridges.

7. If it is buried in a building after the earthquake, we must first find a way to take out the object that is pressed above the abdomen; Cover your nose and mouth with towels and clothes to prevent smoke from choking; We should conserve our physical strength, try to find food and water, create living conditions and wait for help.

4. 400-word composition on earthquake safety knowledge

Common sense of earthquake safety

How to protect yourself and save yourself in an earthquake In our life, we often encounter unpredictable natural disasters. Earthquake is one of the inevitable natural disasters in life. When an earthquake happens, we must protect ourselves and save ourselves. Let's take a look at how to protect ourselves and save ourselves in the earthquake:

1. When an earthquake happens, if we are at home, remember that the biggest damage is the falling debris. At this time, we should avoid it skillfully. If you live in a bungalow, close to the door, you should rush out. If you live in a building, you can hide under a sturdy bed or desk, or you can hide in a room with a small span, such as a bathroom, kitchen or a corner away from doors and windows. Pay attention to protect the head to prevent foreign bodies from hurting people; Remember to lean your head against the wall. Be careful not to jump off buildings or windows to avoid falling or being stabbed by glass; No, the upper terrace, don't take the elevator.

When an earthquake happens, if we are outdoors, we will feel unstable. Pay attention to protect your head at this time. Then when we are outdoors, don't risk the earthquake to go into the house to save our loved ones. We can only rescue them in time after the earthquake. If we are on the bus, don't panic. People sitting in the seat should straighten their hands and grab the armrest behind the front seat. Pay attention to protect the head by the window to prevent being scratched by broken glass; At the same time, be sure to keep your head down and lower your center of gravity. If you feel an earthquake on the hillside, don't run down the hill with rolling stones, but hide behind the raised hills on the hillside and stay away from the steep cliffs to prevent the threat of collapse, landslide and debris flow.

When the earthquake happens, if we are having classes in the classroom, the teacher should first calmly instruct the students to avoid disasters, and never take the lead in running around. Students must also obey the teacher's command. If our classroom is near the door on the first floor, we should run out of the door at once; If you are in a tall building, close to the wall, you should squat down near the wall without windows. If you are in the middle of the classroom, you should hide under the desk at once. When an earthquake happens, we must not panic, because there are more people in our classroom, and we must never run around or rush to the door or stairs. So as not to cause unnecessary casualties. After the earthquake, under the guidance of the teacher, we should evacuate to the playground or other open places in an organized and orderly manner in order to better avoid the aftershocks. Finally, talk about self-care when trapped in the earthquake: If we are buried under the ruins in the earthquake, don't panic, we should summon up the courage to survive and be prepared for a long-term struggle against difficulties.

Earthquakes often happen when people don't expect them. As long as you learn to use the self-care and self-help knowledge you usually learn when an earthquake occurs, you can escape!

5. Answers to the common sense of self-care and self-help for primary and secondary school students.

Copy the answer upstairs and despise it.

Parents:

First, some safety knowledge that causes the most accidental injuries to students? (12)

Answer: Teach children to walk on the right, follow the traffic signs, and cross the road and take the zebra crossing.

Second, if there is a gas leak at home ... how can I educate my children? (12)

A: Teach children not to turn on lights and appliances, but to open doors and windows for ventilation.

Third, when the child is alone at home ... what should the child do? (12)

A: Children should be taught not to open the door, and adults will come back soon after shopping nearby.

All the above are my father's answers. Copy * * *

-Gorgeous dividing line.

Student:

1. How to protect yourself when an earthquake occurs? (12)

Answer: If you are outdoors, you should flee the building quickly. If you are in a tall building, you should run to the table and crouch under the bed.

2. What about living in a building? (12)

Answer: Run to the table, under the bed or in the corner, squat down and cover your head with something soft.

What should I do if I am in the classroom? (12)

Answer: Listen to the teacher's instructions, don't crowd, and quickly evacuate to an empty place.

Fourth, TV talks about swimming ... when? (12)

A: 1. Without the guidance of parents, you can't go swimming secretly; 2. You can't go swimming where you don't know water; 3. Be prepared before launching; 4. You can't go to the deep water area.

Five, if there is a fire ... save yourself? (16)

Answer: Open doors and windows quickly, and turn off gas and electrical appliances. At the same time, prepare wet towels and squat outside the fire.

Copy again * * *

Landlord, I am unlucky in typing. Give it to me! ! ! ! ! !

6. Self-help and self-care knowledge

When an earthquake happens, you should escape first, and then go out after the shaking stops.

Don't stand in the middle of the room when hiding, but find a supportive place to hide in time. When you leave, take the stairs instead of the elevator.

When the vehicle is on fire: the vehicle should call the police in time, and then make full use of the fire-fighting equipment on the vehicle to actively save itself. If there is no fire fighting equipment or the number of fire fighting equipment is not enough, you can use clothes, quilts and other things to put out the fire. When the subway breaks down: pay attention to the manual broadcast of the subway, obey the unified command and guidance of the staff, and evacuate in the specified direction.

It is best to cover your nose with wet clothes, towels, masks and other fabrics, walk against the wind, and don't take a deep breath. When falling into the water by boat: put on your life jacket quickly and send out a distress signal.

Don't abandon the ship unless you have no choice. Once you abandon the ship, you should face the wind, cross your arms on your chest, hold down your life jacket, and cover your nose and mouth with your hands to dive.

When there is a fire in a tall building: don't get into the elevator to escape, use the stairs to save the emergency. When living on a higher floor, you can tear sheets, curtains and other fabrics in the room into load-bearing strips and connect them into ropes, which are tied to the components of windows or balconies to escape to the fire-proof floor.

When all the passages are cut off, the best shelter is the toilet. In case of food poisoning: call the emergency center immediately 120, then induce vomiting with fingers, chopsticks and other tongue roots, and drink plenty of warm water or light salt water to reduce the absorption of toxins.

When being hijacked: The most important thing is to keep calm as much as possible, and don't fight unnecessarily. At the same time, we should try our best to observe the characteristics of the hijackers and strive for clues for rescue or later case detection.

7. Small knowledge of earthquake self-prevention and self-help

The violent shaking during the earthquake is about 1 min. Please hide under a sturdy table, table, etc. Protect your head.

Turn off the fire source immediately when the earthquake happens! If there is a fire, put it out immediately!

Turning off the fire source can prevent the disaster from expanding. Even if it is a small earthquake, we should get into the habit of turning off the fire source immediately.

Don't run outside in a hurry!

It is very dangerous to run freely outdoors. Please carefully confirm the surrounding situation before you take your time.

Open the door and guard the exit!

An apartment building made of concrete. Sometimes the door will be tilted and won't open because of the shaking of the earthquake. Please open the door to ensure the exit.

Protect your head when you are outdoors and avoid dangerous goods!

When you encounter an earthquake outdoors, you should pay attention to the collapse of the fence and the falling of the window glass or signboard. You should take refuge in a safe building or a big place nearby.

In department stores, theaters and other places, we should take calm actions according to the instructions of the staff!

The car stops on the left, and driving in the restricted area is prohibited!

Please follow the information on the car radio.

Beware of landslides, cliff collapses and tsunamis!

When you are in a dangerous area such as landslide, cliff collapse and tsunami, you should take refuge immediately.

Please take refuge on foot and take as few belongings as possible!

The use of cars will cause congestion and hinder fire fighting, rescue and ambulance activities.

Don't believe rumors, please act according to the correct information!

It is easy to be confused by rumors when a disaster happens.