Technique of breeding mink. It might help you raise mink.
1. How to raise and manage the growing mink?
The growth period of young mink is from weaning to nesting and then skinning in winter. The period from nesting to the end of September is the fastest period of individual development of young mink. In the meantime, make sure that the young mink has enough to eat and drink, but don't leave any food. The common diseases of young mink are feed corruption and poisoning, chronic gastroenteritis, rickets and so on. These diseases are mostly caused by poor feed quality and unreasonable collocation. To prevent the disease, we must first control the quality and hygiene of feed. In the hot summer, we should carefully prevent heatstroke, carefully observe and deal with problems in time.
While raising young minks, attention should be paid to restoring the physique of female minks. When the physical condition generally recovers, it will switch to routine feeding.
Minks have strong disease resistance, and possible infectious diseases include rabies, canine distemper and viral enteritis. At present, there are vaccines for these diseases, and it is enough to get the vaccine once a year. In addition, we should also pay attention to site hygiene, feed hygiene and tableware hygiene.
2. How to raise and manage minks
I. Breeding
Generally from September to February of the following year. During this period, we should supply enough complete feed to meet the nutrition needed for growth and development, molting and reproductive organ development. In particular, we should ensure the supply of protein, fat, minerals, yeast and vitamins. Animal feed accounts for 65%, grain feed accounts for 10% ~ 15%, fruits and vegetables account for 10% ~ 12%, and only malt 10g, cotton oil 0.5g, yeast powder 3g and cod liver oil 500 are needed. At the same time, we should carefully choose minks with good coat color, strong appetite and gentle temperament.
From the beginning of breeding to the end of breeding, the time is generally in mid-March. In the breeding season, the female mink can have 2 ~ 3 estrus cycles. An estrus cycle is usually 6-9 days, with estrus lasting 1-3 days and estrus lasting 5-6 days. From winter to about 70 days in the future, when the sunshine time is extended to more than 1 1 hour, it has reproductive ability. The peak of estrus is sunshine 1 1.5 ~ 12 hours, that is, the first half of March. During this period, the female minks bred were empty-minded, gave birth to more babies, and the mortality of young minks was low. It's time to breed. Estrus identification depends on watching, checking and releasing. "Look" is to observe the estrus performance of female mink. Female minks in estrus are often excited and active, often walking back and forth in the cage, sometimes climbing the cage net and looking around, sometimes sitting on the vulva, and the urine is green. Gentle temperament, docile when grasping. "Inspection" is to check the changes of vulva and vaginal secretion of female mink. Under normal circumstances, the changes of female mink vulva during estrus can be divided into three stages: the first stage, the pubic hair is slightly separated, and the labia is slightly open and pale pink; In the second stage, pubic hair obviously hangs down to both sides, and the labia is swollen and prominent, some are everted, and some are petal-shaped and milky white; In the third stage, the labia is swollen, but wrinkled, dry and pale. The vaginal secretion was examined by microscope, and the female mink and the male mink in estrus were put together to observe their performance. The female mink in estrus is willing to enter the male mink cage. When the male mink is chasing, he plays with it excitedly and makes a cooing sound. There are two mating methods for minks, that is, mating twice or more in two or more estrus cycles. Periodic compound can be divided into: one, two cycles and two breeding. That is, the initial preparation was realized in the previous cycle, and the compound was realized at intervals of 6-9 days; Second, two cycles and three breeding. That is, the first mating is completed in the first estrus, and the mating is completed twice for two consecutive days, with an interval of 6-9 days.
Male and female minks in mating period have poor appetite and should be fed with feed with high nutritional level. Feed should be fresh and palatable, try to make it eat more and maintain physical strength.
B, pregnancy
From the last distribution to delivery, the nutritional level should be the highest in the whole year. The feed is required to be fresh, diverse, reasonably matched and relatively stable in supply. The supply of protein in diet should reach 25 ~ 30g. During the first 10 ~ 15 days of pregnancy, the amount of feed for breeding period will gradually increase. Besides ensuring the supply in protein, we should also supply VA750 IU ~ 1500 IU, VD75 ~ 100 IU, VE5 mg and VC 10~20 ~ 20 mg every day. During this period, drinking water should be clean and sufficient, and the environment should be quiet to prevent postpartum milk shortage as soon as possible; Reduce the capture of female mink to prevent panic. Make a nest with grass in the small room, and pay attention to the disinfection and epidemic prevention of the site.
C, delivery
Calving and lactation is the period from calving to weaning and calving. From late April to mid-May. Pay attention to the signs before labor. The female mink's vulva swells 2-3 days before labor, and the fetal movement of the female mink's abdomen can be seen when lying on her back in the sun. Prenatal frequent urination, decreased activity, persistent cooing, restlessness, and grass as a nest. At this time, we should observe whether it gives birth in time. The female mink excretes oily black meconium 2-4 hours after calving, indicating that calving is over. At this time, whether the mink is healthy or not can be judged by listening and looking. If the call of a young mink is short and loud, then it is healthy. Weakness at the top of your lungs, weakness that you can't eat, need to be raised.
Drinking water should be provided for the female mink, and careful care should be taken to prevent the female mink from taking the young mink out of the room. When young minks start eating at the age of 15-20 days, they should pay attention to the proper supplementary feeding of female minks. When the young mink reaches the age of 25 days, the lactation ability of the female mink decreases, so it is necessary to supplement the young mink appropriately. Divide the nest in time in 40-50 days.
3. How to prepare mink feed
Mink feed includes animal feed, plant feed, vitamins and minerals. Animal feed includes livestock and poultry meat, fish, dairy products, eggs, silkworm chrysalis and other small animals. Plant feed includes cereals, beans, fruits and vegetables. Vitamin feed often refers to cod liver oil, VE, VB, VC, etc. Mineral feed refers to bone meal, salt, etc. Mink breeding period requires that animal feed should not be less than 60%. Animal feed can be appropriately reduced and plant feed can be appropriately increased during the breeding period and the non-breeding period of commercial mink.
Dietary preparation: Take the second trimester of pregnancy as an example, the total diet of each female mink is 300g, including about 30g digestible protein. Dietary formula: meat 15%, milk egg 10%, grain 10%, vegetable 15%, water 15%. Calculate the weight of each feed according to the above diet. According to your own feeding situation, calculate the total amount of each feeding. After weighing the total amount, start processing. Fresh meat, fish and by-products should be washed to remove excess fat. Degreasing and decontamination of frozen fish after thawing. For stale animal feed, soak it in 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and then clean it before processing. Generally, it should be cooked and fed to prevent infection. Meat powder, fish meal, meat residue, silkworm chrysalis, etc. , should be soaked in clear water for 4-6 hours, mixed with grain flour to make steamed buns, then mashed and fed to mink. Cow and goat milk should be boiled and disinfected before being mixed with feed. Eggs should be beaten evenly with water, steamed into tender cakes and mixed with feed. Vegetables should be removed, washed, pulped and mixed with feed.
4. Living habits of mink
Minks belong to mammals, Carnivora and skunks in animal taxonomy. In the wild, there are two kinds: American mink and European mink. Now all countries in the world are descendants of American and European minks.
The main commodity part of mink is skin. Mink skin, fox skin and Persian lamb skin are the three pillar commodities in the world fur market. At present, mink skin is in short supply in China and has a good development prospect.
In the wild, minks mainly inhabit rivers, lakes and streams, and use natural caves to build nests. The nest is about 1.5 meters long, covered with bird feathers and hay, and the hole is opened on the river bank covered with vegetation. Food to catch small rodents, birds, amphibians, fish, as well as eggs and some insects for food. Minks are sensitive in hearing and smell, agile in activities, good at swimming and diving, and often sneak up on food at night, with a fierce temperament. Except for mating and feeding, they are scattered separately.
Minks breed/kloc-0 times a year, mate in February-March, and give birth in April-May. There are usually 5-6 nests. The young mink is sexually mature at 9 ~ 10 months, fertile within 2 ~ 10 years, and lives for 12 ~ 15 years. Change your hair once a year in spring and autumn.