5 1, Precautions against large deviation of external dimensions and axial positions of concrete columns, walls, beams and other components P242① Pay-off according to the construction drawing to ensure the accuracy of the geometric dimensions and axial positioning lines of components. (2) The formwork and its support (frame) must have sufficient bearing capacity, rigidity and stability to ensure that the mould will not deform, lose stability and run off during concrete pouring and curing. (3) Ensure that the formwork support base is firm. (4) Strengthen inspection, find problems and correct them in time.
52. Precautions for cracks at the joint of the infilled wall and the main structure P244① The column side (frame column or constructional column) should be provided with 2φ6 steel bars, the spacing is not more than 500mm, and the anchorage length in the masonry is not less than 1000mm. (2) The last 3 skin bricks of the lower mouth of the infilled wall beam shall be laid after the lower wall is laid 14d, and laid obliquely from the middle to both sides. (3) In the case of hollow brick exterior wall, the inner opening is inclined to build by laying bricks or stones; First support the external formwork of the bucket mouth, then pour the fine stone concrete not lower than C 10, and chisel away the excess concrete after the final setting. (4) When there is a hollow brick wall under the external window, if there is no requirement in the design, the window sill should be changed to fine stone concrete with a length of not less than C 10, and its length should be greater than 100mm, and 2φ6 steel bars should be added to the fine stone concrete. ⑤ Steel wire mesh should be set at the contact between the column and the infilled wall to prevent paint cracks from appearing here.
53. The reason why the plate bulges is P250①: ① The water-cement ratio of hardened cement mortar is not clean before paving; ② The water-cement ratio is unreasonable, too thick, too thin or the bonding quality is poor; ③ Oil-based protectant is used for stone protection, which reduces the adhesion between mortar and stone; ④ The paving scale is large and the expansion joints are unreasonable; (5) after completion, can't guarantee enough maintenance conditions and finished product protection.
54. Reasons for cracking of light steel keel ceiling P25 1① The spacing between suspenders is too wide, or the keel is not firmly connected with suspenders and surrounding walls; (2) the ceiling area is too large or too long, leaving no seams or staggered joints between plates; ③ The screws of the fixing plate are not fixed firmly; (4) corners of modeling parts are not firmly fixed; Flat seam is deformed by vibration; ⑤ The sealing treatment at the joint is not in place.
55. Safety management objective P254 Safety accident control index, safety production and civilized construction management objective.
56, safety education and training P254 certificate preliminary examination, review training, tertiary education, pre-job education, daily education, annual education.
57, safety education and training object P254 enterprise managers, managers, special types of work, new posts, waiting for work to return to work, transfer jobs, shift workers.
58. Pre-job education and training content P255① Safety production laws, regulations and rules; (2) safety operation procedures; ② Targeted safety protection; (3) the consequences of illegal operation, illegal command and violation of labor discipline; ④ Basic knowledge, methods and measures for preventing and reducing safety risks and emergency rescue in case of emergency.
59. Continuing education and training contents P255① Newly promulgated safety production laws and regulations, safety technical standards and normative documents ② Advanced safety production technology and management experience ③ Typical accident case analysis.
60. The management of subcontractors by construction enterprises shall meet the following requirements: P255 Zhihu 1) Select legal subcontractors; 2) Sign a safety agreement with subcontractors to clarify safety responsibilities and obligations; 3) Check and assess the safety production of subcontractors during construction; 4) Timely repel subcontractors that do not meet the requirements of safe production; 5) Evaluate the safety production capacity of subcontractors after completion.
6 1, hazard type P257 mechanical, electrical, radiation, materials, falling, fire and explosion.
62. Hazard identification methods include P257 expert investigation, brainstorming, Delphi method, field investigation, task analysis, safety checklist method, hazard and operability research method, event tree analysis method and fault tree analysis method.
63. The content of safety inspection P259 check the safety idea, safety responsibility, safety system, safety measures, safety protection, equipment and facilities, education and training, operation behavior, use of labor protection articles and handling of casualty accidents.
64. The main forms of safety inspection are P257 daily inspection, special inspection, regular safety inspection, regular safety inspection, seasonal safety inspection, holiday safety inspection, start-up safety inspection, professional safety inspection and safety acceptance inspection of equipment and facilities.
65. Building construction safety inspection score summary P26 1 The main content is to understand safety management, civilized construction, scaffolding, foundation pit engineering, formwork support, aerial work, construction electricity, material hoists and construction elevators, tower cranes and hoisting and construction machines.
66. Check and evaluate the safety management inspection score sheet to ensure the project P26 1 1) safe production responsibility system 2) construction organization design and special construction scheme 3) safety technical disclosure, safety inspection 4) safety education and 5) emergency rescue.
67. The score of civilized construction inspection ensures the on-site enclosure, closed management, construction site, material management, on-site office and accommodation, and on-site fire prevention of project P262 (formula: fast enclosure yard).
68. The main contents of the special construction scheme for earthwork excavation are P265 slope setting requirements, supporting structure design, mechanical selection, excavation time, excavation sequence, layered excavation depth, ramp position, vehicle access, dewatering measures and monitoring requirements.
69. The monitoring scheme of foundation pit excavation includes P266 monitoring purpose, monitoring items, monitoring alarm values, monitoring methods and accuracy requirements, monitoring point layout, monitoring period, process management, recording system and information feedback system.
70. Key points of foundation pit engineering monitoring P266 1) Foundation pit engineering monitoring includes supporting structure monitoring and surrounding environment monitoring. 2) The key point is to monitor the horizontal displacement of the supporting structure, 3) the surrounding buildings, 4) the deformation of underground pipelines and 5) the groundwater level.
7 1, treatment measures for water seepage or leakage during foundation pit excavation P266① Drainage ditch drainage; ② Drainage and repair; ③ Close-grained concrete plugging; (4) compaction grouting; ④ Pressure jet grouting.
72. Disposal measures for the displacement of gravity support structure such as unloading behind cement-soil wall exceeding the design estimated value P266 1); 2) Speed up the cushion construction; 3) increasing the thickness of cushion; 4) support.
73, cantilever support structure displacement exceeds the design value of processing measures P266 1) adding support or anchor; 2) unloading the back of the supporting wall; 3) When pouring the cushion, the cushion can be thickened if necessary.
74. Understanding of emergency measures for pipeline protection around 74.P267 foundation pit ① Adding recharge wells; (2) driving a closed pile; (3) pipeline overhead. 72. Scaffolding shall be inspected and accepted according to the following stages: P70(20 14) 1) after the scaffold foundation is completed and before the frame body is erected; 2) After each erection of 68m height; 3) Before the load is applied on the operational layer; 4) After reaching the design height or in case of gale or rainstorm with magnitude 6 or above, the frozen area will be thawed; 5) Use for more than one month.
75. The steel wire rope that should be scrapped P275 1) The number of broken wires in a pitch exceeds10%; 2) The steel wire rope is corroded or the surface wear exceeds 40%; 3) There are dead bends, structural deformation and core extrusion.