When Yang Di Yang Guang mentioned Yang Di Yang Guang, people knew that he was a famous tyrant in history, and the unification initiated by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was destroyed by him. In fact, during the reign of Yang Di, there were still many achievements. His main problems are unrealistic exultation, loss of relaxation, excessive extravagance, refusal to remonstrate, and finally repeating the mistakes of the death of II.
Since he was a teenager, Yang Guang has experienced a heavy responsibility and made some achievements. Taking advantage of his brother Yong Yang's indiscretion, Yang Guang won the position of Prince through melodrama and sow discord. On the deathbed of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Yang Guang took decisive and drastic action to seize the throne at the critical moment of preparing to reset the prince.
Yang Guang is the second son of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, also known as Angelababy. He was born with fine features, outstanding appearance and extraordinary bearing. When his father, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, was a minister of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he was named the Duke of Yanmen County because of his father's merits. In the first year of Emperor Wendi (58 1), he was named King Jin and served as the general manager of Bingzhou (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province). Yang 13 years old.
In the eighth year of Emperor Wendi (588), Yang Guang was appointed as the supreme commander of Chen, leading more than 500,000 troops and destroying Chen the following year. After Sui Jun entered the Chen Dynasty, Yang Guang killed courtiers such as Shi Wenqing beside Chen Houzhu, collected books, sealed the library, and took nothing, which showed the strategy and tolerance of a politician. In the later civil and foreign wars, great achievements were made.
With the increase of political capital, Yang Guang's desire to inherit the throne is also increasing. Shortly after Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, Yong Yang, the eldest son, was appointed as the Crown Prince and became the legal heir to the throne. Yang Guang understands that in order to seize the position of the prince, he must win the favor of his father and mother, and he must have the cooperation of his cronies and followers. According to these two strategies. He fought a soul-stirring and cruel battle with Yong Yang.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was a thrifty emperor, and Dugu was a jealous queen who hated men for loving concubines. Prince Yong Yang lacked foresight in this respect and went his own way. He has a suit of armor made by Shu people, which is not gorgeous enough and is decorated with beautiful patterns. Emperor Wendi was naturally unhappy when he saw it. He openly lusted and neglected his first wife, Yuanshi County, who was married by his parents. It happened that this young woman, from Yuanshi County, died of a heart attack. Queen Dugu thinks that she was poisoned by Yong Yang, and she has a bad feeling towards him. On the day of winter solstice, Yong Yang accepted the greetings of officials with great fanfare, which aroused the suspicion of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. Parents don't like this prince, and Yong Yang's status as a prince begins to waver.
Where is Yang Guang? Much smarter than Yong Yang. In order to please his parents, he only lived with Princess Xiao, once lived with a woman in the backyard, gave birth to a child and was killed. Sometimes Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and Dugu went to Yangguang, so they hid their beautiful young concubines and let the old and ugly people put on shabby clothes to wait on them, deliberately breaking the strings of musical instruments without wiping the dust. Emperor Wendi and his wife saw Yang Guang's frugality and indiscretion, and they liked it very much. Whenever parents send someone, Yang Guang and Phillips will personally meet them at the door, entertain them with a sumptuous banquet, and then send some gifts before they leave. When people came back, they praised Yang's filial piety in front of Emperor Wendi and his wife. Yang Guang also treated the North Korean minister in the same way, and his reputation was getting higher and higher.
At the same time, Yang Guang began to alienate Prince Yong Yang. He took the opportunity to be the general manager of Yangzhou and went to the palace to say goodbye to his mother. He knelt in front of dugu and wept bitterly. It seems that he is sad to leave his parents, and he is very wronged. He said, "I always treat my brother sincerely. I don't know why I offended the prince's brother, and I will be killed by him sooner or later! " Dugu's family recalled the prince's misdeeds and the benefits of Yang Guang's daily life, and said that he would make a decision for Yang Guang. After seeing through his mother's mind, Yang Guang accepted the advice of Yuwen Shu, a close confidant, and bribed Su Yang, the minister who was favored by Emperor Wen. On the one hand, Su Yang praised Yang Guang in front of Wendi and his wife, criticized Yong Yang, and urged Wendi to abandon his courage and establish a wide range; On the other hand, he made a lot of activities in North Korea, widely created public opinion, vilified the prince, and even used the astrology of Yin and Yang to show that the prince was going to be abolished and framed him for rebellion. Therefore, Emperor Wendi took some preventive measures against the Prince. The prince panicked and tried to get rid of bad luck through superstition, which gave Su Yang a handle for plotting evil. Wendi was furious. Think of Yong Yang as Shu Ren.
Shortly after Yong Yang was abolished, Yang Guang got his wish and was made the Crown Prince.
In the fourth year of Renshou (604), Wendi fell ill in Renshou Palace. Yang Guang and Shangshu servant shot Su Yang, Ministry of War Shangshu Liu Shu, and Huangmen Assistant Minister Yan Yuan entered the palace for illness. Yang Guang was impatient and handed Su Yang a letter asking how to handle the funeral. Unexpectedly, Su Yang's reply was sent to Wendi Deng, who was very angry after reading it. At this time, the wife favored by Wendi entered the waiter, met outside the door and became lustful, and began to forcibly rape. Wendi was furious. He regretted Yang Guang, and ordered Liu Shu and Yan Yuan to call Yang Yong into the palace quickly, hoping to reset the prince. After learning this news, Yang Guang immediately ordered his confidants Yuwen Shu and Guo Yan to lead the Eastern Palace Guards to surround the palace, replace the guards of Emperor Wen, and drive away the harem concubines who served Emperor Wen. It is said that he sent people into the palace to kill Wendi, and the imperial edict imprisoned and killed him. In July this year, Yang Guang ascended the throne of the emperor, which changed the Yuan Dynasty.
After Yang Guang ascended the throne, he innovated some political affairs of Wendi in his later years. At the same time, relying on the strong national strength created by Emperor Wendi, digging long trenches, building the East Capital, repairing pool roads, building the Great Wall and opening the Grand Canal are mostly beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood, but they are too hasty and beyond the people's affordability. As for governing the palace, touring the world and extravagance, it is purely harmful to the people.
At the beginning of his reign, Yang Guang did some good things in internal affairs.
As soon as Wendi's funeral was over, a decree was issued exempting women, handmaiden and trilogy from service, and the age for men to serve as adults was changed from 2 1 to 22. In the second year of Daye (606), envoys 10 were sent to save counties in the world, which changed the previous situation of "fewer people and more officials, ten sheep and nine shepherds". The following year, the state was changed to the county, and the local administrative organization became a county-level system. In the imperial examination, we should set up Jinshi branch and expand the channels for selecting candidates. Restore imperial academy, imperial academy, Four Schools and County Schools that were cancelled by Emperor Wen. Organize and save books and classics, and create four categories: classics, history, sub-books and collections. In view of the harsh laws in the last years of Emperor Wen, the law was revised, which was called Daye Law in history. Compared with Kai Huang law, although the legislative technology is not very clever, it is lighter and simpler, and it eliminates the "heinous". There are more than 200 "five punishments" from heavy to light.
In order to consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty and eliminate the separatist forces, the ancients cut down trees and built some big projects based on Wendi's strong national strength.
In the fourth year of Renshou (604), Yang Guang dispatched hundreds of thousands of people to build an arc-shaped long graben from Longmen, Shanxi, across the Yellow River to Shangluo (now Shangxian, Shaanxi). In the third year of Daye (607), Hebei Dingnan dug Taihang Mountain, repaired the equator and reached Bingzhou. From Yulin East to Zhuo Jun (now Beijing), an imperial road with a length of 3,000 miles and a width of 100 step was built. In July of the same year, more than 100,000 people were transferred to build the Great Wall from Yulin in the west to He Zi in the east (now Pinglu County, Shaanxi Province), and another 200,000 people were sent to build the Great Wall the next year.
Chang 'an, the capital of Sui Dynasty, is located in the northwest, so it is difficult for government decrees to reach the four borders, and its control over the east is beyond reach: Luoyang, formerly known as Zhongzhou, is located in the center of the country, which can control Shandong and subdue Jiangnan. Moreover, at that time, the products in Guanzhong area where Chang 'an was located were limited, and the materials were supplied to Chang 'an from all over the country, so water transportation was difficult and the cost was high. Luoyang extends in all directions, "land and water, tribute, etc." Therefore, as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, Luoyang became an ideal place for emperors to live from time to time. After Yang Guang ascended the throne, relying on the rich wealth accumulated by Emperor Wen, he used 2 million migrant workers to build Luoyang as the eastern capital. This project started in the first year of Daye (605) and was completed the following year. With the completion of the East Capital, the political layout of the country tended to the middle and materials were mobilized in a balanced way in the process of the economic center gradually shifting to the south.
The biggest project built at that time was the world-famous Grand Canal. As early as the fourth year of Kaiyuan (584), Emperor Wendi of Sui ordered Yuwen Kai to lead a water conservancy project to build the Guangtong Canal, with a total length of 300 miles, from Daxing City (Jin 'an) to Tongguan. In the first year of Daye (605), Yang Di ordered Shang Shu You Cheng Huang Fu to transfer migrant workers from Henan and Hebei 1 10,000 people to build an economic canal to lead the valley of Luoyang Xiyuan and Luoershui to the Yellow River. After entering the Yellow River, use a section of the Yellow River to reach Banzhu (now Sishui East, Henan Province), and then lead the Yellow River south from Banzhu to Zhu Bian. In the fourth year of Daye (608), Yongji Canal was dug, and millions of migrant workers were used to divert Qinshui from the Yellow River to the south and Zhuo Jun to the north. In six years (6 10), more than 65438+ ten thousand migrant workers were recruited, and the Jiangnan River from Jingkou to Yuhang was opened. In this way, the Grand Canal (not counting the Guangtong Canal during Emperor Wen's reign), with a total length of more than 5,000 li, with Luoyang as the center and Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south, was fully opened. With the opening of the Grand Canal, the north and the south are connected in one breath, becoming the artery of economic and cultural exchanges between the north and the south in the future.
If we say that the above-mentioned projects greatly consumed the financial resources of the Sui Dynasty and excessively increased the burden on the people, but the projects themselves had a positive effect, then Emperor Yang Di's actions of governing the palace, traveling around the world and extravagance were basically harmful to the people.
As early as when Luoyang, the eastern capital, was established, Yang Guang ordered Yuwen Kai and Feng Deyi to build the Ren Xian Palace in the west of the city, and to enrich the gardens in the north and south of the Yangtze River and the north of Wuling Mountain with precious materials and stones, as well as flowers and animals in the sea. Xiyuan is built in the west of the city, 200 miles from Fiona Fang, with the sea in it, and Fiona Fang 10. There are three sacred mountains in the sea, Penglai, Abbot and Yingtai, and the architectural layout in the garden and the sea is extremely gorgeous. Yang Guangju got bored after playing for a while. He had people prepare many maps of mountains and rivers, watch them in person, and find an ideal place to build a palace. History books say that he "died in the palace", and luxurious detached villas rose from the ground.
Unlike some emperors in the previous generation who were greedy for capital and unwilling to leave, Yang-ti was active and playful, and his way of doing things had to change frequently. In the first year of his accession to the throne (605), he took a boat to Jiangdu and returned to Luoyang in April of the following year: in the third year of Daye (607), he toured Yulin in the north until the account of Turkic Qimin Khan; In the fourth year of Daye (608), I went to Wuyuan again and went out to visit the Great Wall. In the fifth year of Daye (609), he went west to Zhangye to meet the envoys of the western regions. After six years of great cause (6 10), I visited Jiangdu again; Ono personally visited Korea three times in seven to ten years; In the 11th year of Daye (6 15), he traveled north to the Great Wall and was besieged by Turk Khan in Yanmen. I went to Jiangdu three times in the second year after I came back from customs. Until it died, it was still cruising around. During his reign, he stayed in Beijing for less than a year. Most of his tours are mainly for pleasure. Every time he visits, his style is amazing and his patterns are constantly being refurbished. For example, when I went to Jiangdu for the first time, I built thousands of boats. The dragon boat that the emperor took and the boat that the queen took were all large in scale, and the decoration was gorgeous and amazing. Vessels such as concubines, princes and nobles are also equipped according to specifications, which is expensive. When patrolling, * * * used more than 80,000 boat soldiers, and the cavalry walked more than 200 miles along the banks of the canal, with banners covering the sky. Every state and county you pass through must contribute food within 500 miles. The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the food is delicious. I buried it when I left after eating it. Yang Guang wasted his time as emperor in this ceremonial parade, which shook the world and wasted money. He once laughed at the emperors of the Southern Dynasties who often sat in the deep palace and could not see the people everywhere. In fact, he didn't travel around the world to meet the people, and the price paid by the people was many times greater than his honest enjoyment in Beijing!
Yang guang was originally a womanizer. In the early years, in order to cater to the mother's mentality and seek the status of the prince, it had to be concealed. Chen Ping's Zhao heard that Chen Houzhu's imperial concubine Zhang Lihua was crowned Jiangnan, and he was afraid that he would not get it. Contrary to her previous attitude of not liking women, she urged Pioneer to keep people, but Gao Jiong killed her. Yang Guang held a grudge from then on, and finally rewarded Gao Jiong with a knife. When my father was dying, he tried to rape Mrs. Xuanhua during his illness, so he almost ruined the throne. When Mrs Xuanhua ascended the throne, she thought that she had annoyed the new emperor and was going to die. Unexpectedly, Yang-ti sent someone to send her a "heart knot", and they slept together that night. In the harem of Emperor Yang-ti, besides Xiao Huanghou and many nobles and beauties, there are thousands of ladies-in-waiting in Xiyuan 16. In the eighth year of Daye (6 12), Jiangdu county was ordered to select beautiful virgins and send them to the palace every year. Whether in the palaces of the two capitals or on cruise ships, Emperor Yang will take them to play. He lived in Jiangdu until his later years, and still ordered Wang to choose Jianghuai Jiali and send them to the palace. There are more than 100 rooms in the palace, and there are countless beautiful women in each room. Yang-ti asked each room to hold a banquet in turn. He and Xiao Hou went to eat, drink and be merry every day, and let life slip past them until Yu Wenhuaji put a knife rest around his neck.
In order to expand the territory of the empire, Yang Guang made an all-round attack from both economic and military aspects. His large-scale management of the western regions not only benefited from border trade, but also was full of vanity and extravagance. The three crusades against North Korea were purely militarism, which directly triggered domestic unrest.
In 605, the first year of Yang Di's accession to the throne, the northern Khitans invaded Yingzhou, and Yang Di ordered the emissary Wei Yun to send Turks to attack. East Turkistan sent twenty thousand cavalry to Wei. Wei lied that he wanted to trade with North Korea in Liucheng (Yingzhou), but Qidan ignored it. Wei took the opportunity to sneak attack and won a great victory. The unexpected victory of not using the army of the Sui Dynasty aroused the interest of Yang Guang, who was already overjoyed, and also triggered his desire to expand in all directions.
In the third year of Daye (607), Emperor Yang began to manage the Western Regions on a large scale.
At that time, there were as many merchants in the western regions as Zhang Ye who traded with the Sui Dynasty, and Pei Ju, assistant minister of Huangmen, was in charge of this work. Pei Ju pays attention to the feelings of mountains and rivers and the customs of products. In the western countries, he wrote a three-volume Map of the Western Regions. Last week, Yang-ti claimed that it was a piece of cake to govern the western regions with Wade now, but the western Turks and Tuguhun controlled these countries and could not pay tribute. Now all the countries in the western regions have expressed their sincerity to us through businessmen. If we appease and send envoys, we can stop fighting in the western regions, and Tuyuhun and West Turkistan can be wiped out. Yang-ti was very happy when he heard Pei Ju's words, which aroused his ambition to admire many Qin emperors' achievements in Hanwu. He sent Pei Ju back to Zhangye to lure western countries to the DPRK with huge sums of money. Since then, countries in the western regions have visited one after another, passing through counties and counties, and they have all been sent to meet them, spending tens of thousands of dollars.
In order to open up communication channels with the western regions, in the fourth year of Daye (608), the emperor sent Cui, a courtier, to meet with Rokhan, a western Turk, and sent envoys to pay tribute to the Blood Horse. The following year, Emperor Yang traveled to Longyou to meet Luo in the future. Emperor Yang-ti adopted Pei Ju's strategy to let his men shoot Chu Luo, and defeated Chu Luo in the Sui Dynasty. Eliminate a major obstacle to the management of the western region. Great cause for five years (609), Yang-ti sent Yuwen Shu to defeat Tuguhun, and Wang Fuyuan fled to the valley. The Sui Dynasty set up four counties, namely Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan and Qiemo, and the transportation and commerce between the Central Plains and the Western Regions were basically opened. Subsequently, Yang Di sent Xue Shixiong as the marching general of Yumen Road, led the army out of Yumen Pass to attack Yiwu, and Yiwu surrendered. Xue Shixiong then stayed behind to guard Yiwu.
After the traffic between the Central Plains and the Western Regions was smooth, Emperor Yang sent an envoy to Yanzhishan in the fifth year of Daye (609). King Gao Chang and envoys from 27 countries in the Western Regions came to see him. Yang-ti asked them to wear gold and jade, go to the kitchen, and forced the ladies-in-waiting of Wuwei and Zhangye to put on gorgeous clothes and sit in beautiful chariots and horses to watch. Local officials are responsible for supervision. During the interview, dozens of miles in Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang, were crowded with people, chariots and horses, in order to show off the richness of the Central Plains to people in the western regions. In the first month of the sixth year of Great Cause (6 10), the generals of the western regions gathered in Luoyang, and Emperor Yang Di ordered 100 plays to be staged at the end gate, with 5,000 steps around the theater, so that all the people put on gorgeous costumes, and all the dancers put on women's dresses, rang bells and decorated with precious feathers, reaching 30,000 people, which could be heard from dozens of miles away, and stayed up all night from night until the next morning. Since then, it has become a habit, and it has intensified. The country only spends hundreds of millions on this item every year. When merchants from the western regions asked to enter Luoyang for trade, Emperor Yang ordered ostentation and extravagance. The shop is well decorated with curtains and valuable goods. Vendors selling vegetables also used expensive dragon beard chairs, and even wrapped trees in cotton and silk to show luxury. Merchants from the western regions patronized wine and food shops, invited them to have a full meal, and said, "The Central Plains is rich, and wine and food never cost money!" "
If the main function of governance in the western regions is mutual benefit and common progress, Yang-ti's three expeditions to Korea are pure militarism, which has caused serious disasters to the people.
North Korea was the strongest neighbor in the northeast of Sui Dynasty. In the eighteenth year of Emperor Wendi (598), Korea invaded western Liaoning and was beaten back by Wei, general manager of western Liaoning in Sui Dynasty. As the territory of Korea extended to Liaohe River and invaded Yingzhou, Emperor Wendi of Sui sent Hanwang Yang Liang to lead the army to conquer Korea, but after the defeat, he withdrew and did not cut again. In the third year of Daye (607), Yang-ti visited the East Turkic Qimin Khan account, and it happened that the North Korean envoy was there. According to Pei Ju's suggestion, Yang-ti coerced korean king Gao Yuan to enter the DPRK, but Gao Yuan refused, so Yang-ti used this as an excuse to make a big crusade.
From the fourth year of Daye (608) to the seventh year of Daye (6 1 1), Emperor Yang made a lot of preparations for the crusade against North Korea. For example, the Yongji Canal from Luokou to Zhuo Jun was opened to transport water; Zhuojun Linshuo Palace is the command post of Emperor Yang's personal expedition. Yuan Hongsi, general manager of Youzhou, was ordered to build 300 seagoing ships in Donglai County (now Laizhou, Shandong Province). The boatmen stood in the water day and night, afraid to stop. No maggots were born below the waist, and 34% of the dead died. He ordered Henan, Huainan, Jiangnan and other places to build 50 thousand vehicles and send them to Levin (now Gaoyang County, Hebei Province) as land transportation; Order the military government to make weapons, take the essence as the new one, and behead those who abuse it; Set up a military office in Shandong to sweep the floor for soldiers; Let the rich in the world buy horses according to their assets, and a horse is worth 65438+ 10,000.
Seven years before the war (6 1 1 year of Gu Song), Emperor Yangdi went to Linshuo Palace in Zhuo Jun County and gathered all local troops, regardless of distance. At this gathering, he recruited sailors 10000 in Jiangbei and 30,000 archers in Lingnan as water forces. At the same time, civilian workers and ships to the south of Jianghuai dispatched grain, rice and armour from Liyang warehouse and Luokou warehouse to Zhuo Jun, with a journey of more than 1,000 miles. Hundreds of thousands of people traveled back and forth on the road day and night, and countless people died, filled the road and stinked the road. In addition, there are scalpers and civilian workers in Shandong who transport rice in Liuhe (now northeast Hebei) and Huaiyuan (now Chaoyang East Liaoning). There are over 600,000 coachmen alone. Two people * * * pushed three stone meters. Because the road is dangerous, three stones and meters are not enough to fill the road, and there is no food in the town, so we have to flee. When people lose the time to cultivate crops, the land becomes barren and their financial resources are exhausted. The peasant uprising in Changbai Mountain (now Zhangqiu, Shandong Province) led by Wang Bo also broke out in this year.
In the first month of the eighth year of Great Cause (6 12), Yang Di launched its first war against the DPRK. Sui Jun 1.3 million, commonly known as 2 million, is divided into 24 armies, and there are 6 armies headed by Emperor Yangdi ***30 armies. The number of migrant workers carrying food has doubled. After the first army set out, it sent an army every day, 40 miles apart. After more than 40 days, leaving Zhuo Jun was completed. One by one, all the way. This is the main force of the army. In addition, the water army led by General You Yiwei protected his son and set out from Donglai Haikou, pointing to Xishui to meet the enemy. The water army who came to protect the children entered 60 miles from Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, and won. They attacked Pyongyang and plundered it. They were defeated by North Korea's ambush, leaving only a few thousand people in the 40,000-strong team, and fled back to the ship to retreat hastily. Yuwen Shu and Yu crossed the Yalu River with a great army. The marching soldiers could not bear the heavy burden of weapons and expenses, and secretly threw away food, only halfway through, and the expenses were exhausted; Sui Jun attacked a place 30 miles away from Pyongyang, and could not fight any more, so he had to retreat to Sashui, where he was defeated by the North Korean army. General Xin Shixiong of Right Tunwei was killed, and Sui Jun suffered a crushing defeat. Of the 300,000 people crossing the river, only 3,000 escaped from the Yalu River, and all military equipment was lost. The first War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was a complete failure. Because this expedition brought endless disasters to the domestic people, peasant uprisings surged everywhere, such as Wang Bao and Meng Rang in Qixian, Guo in Beihai, Zhang Jin in Qinghe, Hao Xiaode in Plain, Ge Qian in Hejian and Sun Xuanya in Bohai. , ranging from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands, posed a serious threat to the Sui Dynasty.
After nine years of great cause (6 13), Emperor Yang, unwilling to fail, launched the second war against Korea. The military deployment is basically the same as the first time. Yang-ti was in Liaodong, and Yuwen Shu and others advanced to Pyongyang to protect children and lead the water army out of Donglai. However, just as the army arrived at the front line and the water army had not yet set off, Yang Xuangan, son of Su Yang, a noble of Sui Dynasty, launched a rebellion in Liyang and besieged Luoyang, the eastern capital. When Yang-ti knew, he panicked. Quickly withdraw troops from the front line, save Luoyang, and throw all military equipment on the Korean battlefield, but the second expedition to Korea was unsuccessful.
The failure to attack Korea twice, the domestic peasant uprising and the internal rebellion of the ruling clique greatly weakened the Sui Dynasty. But Yang-ti won't stop until he reaches his goal. Great cause for ten years (6 14), launched the third war against Korea. In July this year, the water army who came to look after his son defeated the Korean army near Pyongyang. North Korea didn't want to toss about any more, so it sent a special envoy to make peace. Yang-ti also felt that he could not fight any longer, so he took this opportunity to retreat. However, it failed to recruit the king of Korea into the DPRK and prepared to attack Korea four times, but at that time, the domestic situation no longer allowed him to fight against Korea militarily.
Yang-ti's talent is not bad, and he also has certain civil and military talents. But he is headstrong, unwilling to give advice, far loyal and near righteous, and unwilling to listen to the truth. In the peasant uprising within the ruling clique, the unity of the Sui Dynasty collapsed. Under the pressure of Yu Wenhuaji, he hanged himself in Jiangdu and said, "But I would rather die than drive the Six Dragons." .
Among the feudal emperors, Yang Di was small, clever and a little literary. He is very conceited about his talents. He once said to his courtiers, "The whole world says that I am universal by inheritance. If I am chosen as an equal with the literati, I should also be the son of heaven. " He often quarreled with the scribes at that time, and those who were jealous of being virtuous and talented and superior to themselves always tried to get rid of them. For example, Xue Daoheng, a famous assistant minister of literature and history in the Northern Qi Dynasty, has a new work every time, ranging from Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties to ordinary literati. His talent was admired by Emperor Yang-ti. When he was falsely killed, Yang-ti proudly sarcastically said, "Can you still make a good sentence of' empty beam falling into mud'?" When he was killed, Emperor Yang Di recited his beautiful sentence "No one in the courtyard is green at will" and asked, "Can this language still be used?"
Yang-ti was not only jealous of talents, but also used his intelligence and wisdom mainly in refusing to remonstrate. He once bluntly said to minister Yu Shinan: "I don't like people's remonstration by nature, and I am annoyed that those people with high prestige remonstrate for fame." As for people with low status, although I can endure it for a while, I can't let him live in the world, you know? "Gao Jiong, servant of Shangshu, was a famous minister in the Sui Dynasty, and Wendi and Yang Di all made achievements. Seeing Emperor Yang-ti's extravagance and great construction, he said to Taichang Li Chengyi: "Emperor Zhou Tianyuan died happily, so we should learn a lesson. How could he do that? "Yang-ti's kindness to Turkic Qimin Khan is too much and too thick. Deeply worried about the country, Gao Ying said to He Chou, a teacher, "Qimin Khan is well aware of the reality and mountains and rivers of China, and is afraid of future troubles. Yu Wen, the minister of rites, and He Ruobi, the doctor of Guanglu, also agreed with Gao Jiong that Yang-ti had killed three people for libel. After three expeditions to Korea, Yang-ti wanted to visit Du Dong again. "Your Majesty has been conquering Korea for many years, and the people are living in poverty. Before you go to Du Dong, you should help people do their best to farm and catch their breath. "Yang-ti killed it. When ministers saw that Yang-ti didn't remonstrate, they didn't dare to joke about their own lives, so they had to go along and let them do whatever they wanted.
On the contrary, if you don't listen to the words of loyalty, stay away from loyalty and frankness, and you will be surrounded by a group of vicious, greedy and flattering people. For example, Yang Di's prized minister, Su Yang, is very cruel and greedy, although he is very talented in civil and military affairs. After repeated renovations, his house is extremely gorgeous. There are thousands of families in the mansion, Shuifu and Tianjia, and thousands of concubines in the backyard. Because he is dedicated to meeting the Lord, although someone reported it, it also caused a scandal. Su Yang's younger brother was ordered by Emperor Yang to kill the Prince himself. Yang Di said happily, "Your brother is really useful." Within a few days, it was named the internal history order. Yuwen Shu, who helped Yang-ti seize the official position, was very good at reading and observing, followed Yang-ti's parade, and often presented strange things, so he was favored. In order to cater to Yang-ti, Guo Si advised Yang-ti to appear before the court once every five days, so as not to be tired of political affairs. Yang-ti didn't think it was betrayal, but thought it was loyalty, saying, "Only Guo is with me." Especially in the parade, whoever receives more money and gives more will be promoted by Emperor Yang, and vice versa. The last time I went to Jiangdu, the local officials in the Jianghuai area came to see me. Yang-ti also asked about the abundance of gifts and salaries, but the abundance was thin. The king of Jiangdu County took Shi Chong to offer bronze mirrors and screens and moved to Tongshou; Zhao Yuankai, the mayor of Liyang County, was stinking and moved to Jiangdu County. The world wants to do good deeds, so counties and counties unscrupulously peel off the people, compete for dedication, and take the opportunity to accept bribes from them, and politics is becoming increasingly corrupt.
Because Yang-ti was a visionary and had a close relationship with him, he refused to remonstrate, unwilling and unable to hear much truth. In the early years of his rule, a peasant uprising broke out, and then it surged. He can't sleep at night and needs several women to caress him. Even so, he still has to deceive himself, as long as the minister says there are few thieves, he likes it. On the contrary, he is very unhappy. Those who are light will be demoted, and those who are heavy will be beheaded. When Yu Shiqi, assistant minister of literature and history, saw that Yang-ti hated thieves, all the memorials of generals and counties who came to the court for help in an emergency were altered or detained. He only said to Yang-ti, "Some thieves will be eliminated soon, and your majesty need not worry." Yang-ti is very happy to listen to such a language. In this way, the rebels were all over the sea, and the court remained numb.
At the end of the great cause, Emperor Yang finally realized that the situation was not good. In order to avoid the sharp edge of the peasant uprising, he went south to Jiangdu again. Many court ministers know that he will go to Jiangdu at this time, even if it is gone forever, but no one dares to say so. At the urging of Yuwen Shu and others, Yang-ti left Yang Dong, King of Yue, in the East and went to Jiangdu by himself.
In Jiangdu for more than a year, the peasant army Du advanced into Jianghuai, conquered Gaoyou and occupied Liyang. The Wagangjun led by Zhai Rang and Shi Biao also defeated Zhang Xutuo and Pei Shiji, the main forces of Sui Jun, in the Central Plains. They spread the news to the surrounding counties and exposed the crimes of Emperor Yang, saying, "Writing a book and saying that there are countless crimes; Resolving the waves in the East China Sea is difficult to shed evil. " (meaning: cutting down all the bamboo in Nanshan to make a writing brush can't finish writing the sins of Yang-ti; It is inexhaustible to release the water from the East China Sea to wash away the sins of Yang-ti. ) Yang-ti sent the king, led the Jianghuai Army and Dong to stay in the east to continue to fight against the Wagang Army. At this time, many generals in the Sui Dynasty, seeing that their luck had run out, set out to stand on their own feet. Yang-ti has completely become a lone ranger.
While deeply feeling that the end is coming, Yang-ti also wants to eat, drink and be merry in time. He and Hou Yaozong said, "Now many people want to overthrow me, but I am the worst Great Wall Lord, and you are also a Shen Niangniang. Let's have a drink for fun! " One day, he looked in the mirror again and said pessimistically to Hou Yaozong: "Good head and neck, I don't know who will cut it!" "I also prepared the poison with me, ready to swallow it for a rainy day.
However, in the end, Yang-ti did not become the Duke of the Great Wall like Chen Houzhu, nor did he use poison. In March of the 14th year of the Great Cause (6 18), Emperor Yang Di saw that the world was in chaos and could not be redeemed, and ordered him to repair Danyang Palace (now Nanjing) and prepare to move the capital. The drivers are all Guanzhong guards, who miss their hometown and flee it in succession. At this time, Samurai Lang conspired with Naoko Peiqian for the sake of Sima Dehe, and used the resentment of the Guards who missed their hometown to push Yuwen Shu's son to launch a mutiny and force Yang-ti. After his death, the extravagant and corrupt emperor didn't even have a decent coffin. After his death, Hou Yaozong and Imperial Secretary removed the bed board and made a small coffin, which was secretly buried under the Liu Zhu Hall in Jiangdu Palace. After Yu Wenhuaji led the crowd out of Jiangdu, Chen Leng, the prefect of Jiangdu, paid an audience at the West Wu Palace of Jiangdu Palace and reburied Emperor Yang-ti. After the Tang Dynasty pacified Jiangnan, Zhenguan was moved and buried in Tang Lei in the fifth year (63 1) (now Nanping Mountain in Tang Lei, Yangzhou North 15, Wugong Tainan 10). Later generations wrote a poem and sarcastically said, "Jun forbeares Kerwin Chen, but only a few acres of land in Bereitang." It means that Yang Di made great contributions to pacify the Chen Dynasty and unify the north and south in his early years. However, due to his dissolute cruelty, only a few acres of Tang Leitian were buried after his death.