Socialized mass production itself needs a high degree of measurement guarantee.
The development of production can be roughly divided into three stages, namely, empirical stage, semi-empirical stage, semi-scientific stage and scientific stage. Measurement is the technical basis of scientific production.
From the screening of raw materials to fixed feeding, from process monitoring to product quality inspection, it is inseparable from measurement. For example, an ordinary truck has more than 9000 parts, which are produced by hundreds of factories. Without certain measurement guarantee, it is impossible to assemble successfully.
The oil consumption of rolled steel plates in a local medium-sized steel plant used to be more than 300 kilograms per ton. Later, due to the measurement and monitoring of waste gas, air volume, combustion heat supply and temperature, the energy consumption dropped to 40 kg per ton. It turns out that the heavy oil fuel used in the metallurgical furnace of a steel plant is controlled by manual experience and is not measured at all; In order to make the fire prosperous, more materials are always put in, which leads to incomplete combustion and black smoke rolling, which not only consumes more oil, but also pollutes the environment and loses money every year.
Later, a metering instrument was installed to monitor the fuel, so that the fuel quantity was kept at the optimal value, which not only saved oil, but also reduced pollution and improved steelmaking efficiency. As a result, a new situation of turning losses into profits soon appeared. A Masteel is the largest producer of Masteel products in China.
In the past, energy consumption has been very high, and it is the key household of local energy consumption. In order to find out the reason, the factory conducted thermal balance tests on more than ten kinds of main equipment, and obtained a lot of data, thus calculating the basic relationship between thermal balance and equipment energy consumption, preliminarily grasping the law of energy utilization, finding out the main reasons for serious energy consumption, and installing monitoring instruments accordingly.
For example, the thermal efficiency of the annealing kiln is about 8%, but after monitoring and control, it has increased to more than 65,438+02%, and the annealing time has been reduced from 60 hours to 35 hours, saving nearly 2,000 tons of coal and more than 26,000 kWh of electricity a year. As a result, in one year, the water consumption of the whole plant decreased by 2 1%, saving about 600,000 kWh, reducing the comprehensive energy consumption by about 10%, and increasing the output value by 22%.
In recent years, foreign developed countries regard high-quality raw materials, advanced technical equipment and modern measurement and testing methods as the three pillars of modern production. In fact, the preparation and screening of high-quality raw materials, advanced technology equipment and process monitoring are also inseparable from measurement and testing.
For example, the products of foreign advanced production lines are of high quality, with little or no secondary and waste products. One of the important factors is to make full use of online measurement and monitoring technology. As for the so-called flexible production (manufacturing) system, it needs the technical support of modern measurement and testing means.
2. The application of measurement knowledge in life
Measurement is an activity to achieve uniform, accurate and reliable values. Or it is a kind of measurement that aims to achieve uniform units and accurate and reliable values. The concept of measurement is gradually formed with the development of social production. When the development of production and the exchange of commodities become social activities, it is objectively necessary to unify the measurement units, and it is required to adopt different measurement methods for the same object in different places within a certain precision range to achieve the same measurement results. Therefore, it is required to establish a unified unit system in legal form, establish measurement benchmarks and standards, and use these measurement benchmarks and standards to verify other measuring instruments to ensure the accuracy and reliability of numerical values, thus forming a new concept different from measurement-measurement. It can also be said that uniform and accurate measurement is measurement. It should be said that the essence of measurement is measurement, but it is not equal to ordinary measurement, but under certain conditions. Measurement with specific meaning, specific purpose and special form. In a narrow sense, measurement belongs to the category of measurement. It is a measurement that traces the measured unit value to the basic unit within the allowable error range. But in a broad sense, measurement refers to the measurement that realizes the unity of units and the accuracy and reliability of values, which includes all activities that realize the unity of units of measurement and the accuracy and reliability of values. For example, determine the measurement unit system, study and establish measurement benchmarks and standards. Measurement is a kind of measurement with special content. According to the requirements of legal management, measurement has the task of national supervision of measurement business. Measurement involves industrial and agricultural production, national defense construction, scientific experiments, domestic and foreign trade and people's life, health and safety, and is an important technical foundation of the national economy. With the rapid development of social economy, measurement is based on previous measurement. Gradually developed into length, temperature, mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, chemistry, radio, time and frequency, ionizing radiation and other majors. , and formed an independent discipline in the field of measurement knowledge-metrology. It can be said that all activities to achieve unit unity and ensure accurate and reliable numerical values belong to the scope of measurement. Do you agree? .
3. How to learn professional knowledge of measurement?
Content Description: Electric energy measurement is an important link in the production, operation and management of electric power enterprises and the safe operation of power grid. Its technical level and management level are not only related to the development and image of power enterprises, but also related to the accuracy and reliability of power trading and the vital interests of the vast number of power customers and residents. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the professional quality and working skills of electric energy metering personnel.
According to the newly promulgated DL/T448-2000 Technical Management Regulations for Electric Energy Metering Devices and DL/T825-2002 Installation and Wiring Rules for Electric Energy Metering Devices, and in view of the actual situation of current electric energy metering, experts and technicians were organized to compile a book "Training Textbook for Examination of Electric Energy Metering Skills". This book highlights the advanced nature, practicality, pertinence and rigor of knowledge, and takes operational skills as the main line and equipment.
4. Please describe the definition of measuring and measuring instruments.
Definition of measurement: the activity of realizing unit unification and accurate and reliable measurement.
A broad understanding refers to the whole field of measurement knowledge. Measurement is called "measurement" in history. With the development of production and science and technology, modern measurement has gone far beyond the scope of "weights and measures". The existing metrology majors such as length, heat, mechanics, electromagnetism, radio, time and frequency, ionizing radiation, optics, acoustics and chemistry have formed an independent discipline-metrology.
Measurement involves industrial and agricultural production, national defense construction, scientific experiments, domestic and foreign trade, people's lives and other aspects, and is an important technical foundation of the national economy.
Definition of measuring instruments:
Measuring instruments refer to devices, instruments, measuring tools and reference materials that can directly or indirectly measure the numerical value of the measured object. Measuring instruments are widely used in production. Scientific research. Region and people's life, etc. , in a very important position in the whole measurement legislation. Because the unification of national values is first reflected in the accuracy and consistency of measuring instruments, which are not only the main object of supervision and management, but also the technical basis for the measurement department to provide measurement guarantee.
According to the structural characteristics, measuring instruments can be divided into the following three categories:
(1) measuring tool. That is, measuring instruments that reproduce numerical values in a fixed form, such as measuring blocks, coders, standard batteries, standard resistors, bamboo rulers, etc. Line meter ruler, etc. ;
(2) measuring instruments. Measuring instruments, such as pressure gauges, flow meters, thermometers and ammeters, convert measured values into equivalent information of directly observable index values. Cardioelectroencephalograph, etc. ;
(3) metering device. That is, the overall combination of measuring instruments and auxiliary equipment necessary to determine the measured value, such as odometer verification device and high-frequency microwave power meter calibration device.
According to the classification of measuring purposes, measuring instruments can also be divided into the following three categories:
(1) standard instruments of measurement;
(2) Standard instruments of measurement;
(3) Working measuring instruments.
5. What is the concept of measurement?
Measurement is an activity to achieve uniform, accurate and reliable values. Or to achieve unity of units and accurate and reliable numerical measurement.
The concept of measurement is gradually formed with the development of social production. When the development of production and the exchange of commodities become social activities, it is objectively necessary to unify the measurement units, and it is required to adopt different measurement methods for the same object in different places within a certain precision range to achieve the same measurement results. To this end, it is required to establish a unified unit system in the form of law, establish measurement benchmarks and standards, and use such measurement benchmarks and standards to verify other measuring instruments to ensure the accuracy and reliability of numerical values, thus forming a new concept different from measurement-measurement, which can also be said that unified and accurate measurement is measurement.
It should be said that the essence of measurement is measurement, but it is not equal to ordinary measurement, but has a specific meaning, a specific purpose and a specific form of measurement under specific conditions. In a narrow sense, measurement belongs to the category of measurement. It is a measurement that traces the measured unit value to the basic unit within the allowable error range. But in a broad sense, measurement refers to the measurement that realizes the unity of units and the accuracy and reliability of values, that is, it includes all activities that realize the unity of units and the accuracy and reliability of values. For example, determine the measurement unit system, study and establish measurement benchmarks and standards, carry out value transfer, measurement supervision and management, etc. Therefore, measurement is a kind of measurement with special content. According to the requirements of management according to law, measurement has the task of realizing national supervision of national measurement business.
Measurement involves industrial and agricultural production, national defense construction and scientific experiments. Domestic and foreign trade and people's life, health and safety are important technical foundations of the national economy. With the rapid development of social economy, metrology has gradually developed into various majors such as length, temperature, mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, chemistry, radio, time and frequency, ionizing radiation and so on, and has formed an independent discipline in the field of metrology knowledge-metrology. It can be said that all activities to achieve unit unification and ensure the accuracy and reliability of measured values belong to the measurement range.