On-site first aid knowledge of electric shock 1. Cut off the power immediately.
In case of electric shock, don't panic and be helpless. First, try to get the electrocuted person out of the power supply. The method of disconnecting the power supply is as follows:
(1) cut off the power supply. When the power switch or plug is close to the scene of the accident, you can immediately disconnect the air switch or unplug the power plug, so that the electric shock person can be separated from the power supply. It must be pointed out that ordinary light switches (such as cable switches) only cut off one line, sometimes it is not necessarily the phase line. Therefore, turning off the light switch does not necessarily cut off the power supply, and reliable methods should be taken to cut off the power supply.
(2) Use insulation to remove live wires. When the live wire touches the human body and causes electric shock, and it is impossible to get rid of the power supply by other methods, insulation (such as wooden sticks and bamboo poles) can be used to take out the wire to make the patient get rid of the power supply.
(3) Cut off the live wire with insulating tools. In case of electric shock, insulating tools (such as insulated handle electrician pliers, wooden axe, hoe, etc. ) can be used to cut off the wires and cut off the power supply if necessary.
(4) Pull the clothes of the electrocuted person to get rid of the power supply. If the above three conditions are not met at the scene, and the clothes of the electrocuted person are dry, rescuers can pull the clothes of the electrocuted person with their hands wrapped in dry towels. Dry clothes are equal to dry things, so that they can be separated from the power supply.
It must be pointed out that the above measures are only applicable to 220/380V? Low pressure? Rescue of electric shock. For high-voltage electric shock, the power supply department should be informed in time and corresponding emergency measures should be taken to avoid new accidents.
(5) Matters needing attention when disconnecting the power supply are as follows:
(1) If you get an electric shock on an overhead line or when working at high altitude, once the power supply is disconnected, the muscles of the person who got an electric shock will suddenly relax due to being disconnected from the power supply, which may cause serious injuries caused by falling from a height. Therefore, corresponding measures must be taken to prevent secondary accidents from causing more serious consequences.
(2) When the power supply is disconnected, move quickly, and spending more time will affect the whole rescue work.
(3) When disconnected from the power supply, in addition to paying attention to your own safety, you need to prevent accidental injuries to others and expand the accident.
2. Quick and simple diagnosis
After the electric shock is disconnected from the power supply, a simple diagnosis should be made quickly. If the electric shock victim is not seriously injured, he is conscious, but he has symptoms such as palpitation, numbness of limbs and general weakness. Or if the electric shock patient has been in a coma for a period of time, but has recovered, the patient should rest quietly in a well-ventilated place, don't move around, pay attention to observation and ask a doctor to come for treatment or send him to the hospital; If the patient is in a coma, simple diagnosis includes: judging whether the electric shock victim has lost consciousness, whether to open the airway, and judging whether there is breathing and heartbeat.
(1) Judge whether the person who gets an electric shock is delirious or unconscious. Rescuers can gently shake the electrocuted person or pat him on the shoulder, and shout his name or ask loudly? What's wrong with you, but don't shake it too hard to avoid trauma. If there is no response, you can observe it with strong stimulation. The whole judgment time should be controlled within 5- 10s to avoid delaying the rescue time. Once it is determined that the electrocuted person is unconscious, it means that the situation is serious, and in most cases, the heartbeat and breathing have stopped. In order to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation persistently, correctly and effectively, we must immediately call for help and greet people around us to assist in the rescue. At the same time, seek the help of the local emergency medical department (such as calling? 120? Emergency number).
(2) maintain a recovery posture. When performing CPR on the electrocuted person, the electrocuted person must lie on his back, that is, his head, neck and trunk are straight without distortion, his hands are placed on both sides of his trunk and he lies on his back on the hard ground. When an accident happens, no matter what posture the person who gets an electric shock is in, he must turn to the above standard posture (this posture is also called? Resuscitation posture? )。 If it is necessary to change the body position, the person who gets an electric shock must be rotated smoothly, so that all parts of the body can rotate as a whole (the head, neck, trunk and buttocks can rotate at the same time). In particular, you should hold your neck in one hand and your shoulders in the other to protect your neck and let the electric shock person smoothly turn to the supine position. After the person who gets an electric shock is in the resuscitation position, he should immediately relax his tights and belts. If it is found in the process of judging consciousness that the electrocuted person has heartbeat and breathing, but is in a coma, at this time, his airway is easily blocked by inhaled mucus, vomit and tongue root, and he needs to lie on his side immediately? Coma posture? . This posture can avoid the above-mentioned danger of airway obstruction, and is also conducive to mucus and other secretions flowing out of the mouth. This position is also called. Back in position? .
(3) Open the airway. After getting an electric shock, the heart often stops beating, and the person who gets an electric shock loses consciousness, and the muscles such as jaw, neck and tongue relax, resulting in the tongue base and epiglottis collapsing to the posterior pharyngeal wall and blocking the airway. When inhaling, there is negative pressure in the airway, and the tongue and epiglottis play the role of one-way valve, which aggravates airway obstruction and leads to hypoxia. Therefore, the airway must be opened immediately to maintain normal ventilation. Attaching the lingual muscle to the mandible can make the muscles tense, for example, the head leans backward and the mandible E leans forward, so that the tongue root leaves the posterior pharyngeal wall and the airway is unobstructed. If there is no muscle tension, the airway cannot be unblocked when the head leans back, and the mandible needs to be lifted at the same time to open the airway. After cardiac arrest 15s, muscle tension can disappear. At this point, the airway can only be opened if the head leans back and the jaw is raised.
(4) judging whether breathing exists. When the respiratory tract is open, the rescuer's face is facing the chest of the electrocuted person, and his ears are close to the mouth and nostrils of the electrocuted person. Pass? See, listen, feel? To determine whether breathing is present. That is to say, does the ear listen to the sound of gas flowing when the electrocuted person breathes, and does the face feel the blowing feeling of gas flowing, so as to see whether the chest or abdomen of the electrocuted person is synchronized with breathing? Breathing exercise? . The whole inspection time shall not exceed 5s. If after opening the airway, it is found that the electrocuted person has spontaneous breathing, then the airway should be kept open and unblocked continuously. If it is judged that there is no breathing, artificial respiration should be performed immediately. The rescuer can gently hold the nostrils of the electrocuted person with his thumb and forefinger, put them on his forehead, take a deep breath, and wrap his lips around his mouth to form a sealed airway. Then the gas is blown into the mouth of the electrocuted person and enters the lungs through the airway. Obviously observed at this time? Breathing action? A second blowing can be carried out. The secondary blowing time should be controlled within 2-3s.
If the chest doesn't lift with blowing, and you don't hear or feel the passive exhaust of the chest of the electric shock victim, you must repeat the action of opening the airway immediately. Use it when necessary? Raise your jaw with both hands? . If it doesn't work, it can be determined that the foreign body in the airway of the electrocuted person is blocked and needs to be taken out immediately. It should be pointed out that the person who gets an electric shock can't breathe because the airway is not open, and the subsequent cardiac compression will be completely ineffective.
(5) Judge whether there is a heartbeat. The heart plays the role of blood pump in human body, which makes blood flow endlessly in blood vessels and makes arterial blood vessels beat violently. Therefore, as long as the pulse of arterial blood vessels is detected, we can know whether there is a heartbeat. Carotid artery is the central artery, which can still touch the pulse of carotid artery when the pulse of peripheral artery is not obvious. Its position table is shallow and easy to touch, so it is often used as the basis of heartbeat.