1, which explains the place or background of the incident and increases the authenticity of the incident;
2. Render the atmosphere and set off the emotions of the characters;
3. Set off the emotions of the characters;
4. Entrust the thoughts and feelings of the characters;
5. Reflect the character or quality of the character;
6. Promote the development of the plot and pave the way for the next * * *;
7. Deepen the theme of the work;
8. Symbolic hints.
Environmental description refers to the description of the specific social environment and natural environment in which the characters live. Among them, social environment refers to buildings, places, furnishings and other scenery and folk customs that can reflect the characteristics of society and the times. Natural environment refers to seasonal changes, wind, frost, rain and snow, mountains and rivers, lakes and seas, forests, Yuan Ye and other natural scenery. From 20 15 onwards, detailed environmental descriptions have been added to mystery novels and realistic novels.
Extended data:
Environment is a specific place to form a character and restrict his activities, which determines and influences his character. At the same time, characters sometimes react to the environment. To write a narrative with strong story, we should not only write the plot, but also write the natural environment and social environment. Write these two environments well, you can better compare the characters, and then express the center comprehensively and clearly.
The application of environmental description should be: clear purpose-help to express the central idea; Concrete and vivid-giving people an immersive feeling; Grasp the characteristics-write unique scenery.
Objective description is a description that reproduces the original form of the scene more truly, and writes feelings by writing the scene, which is what we call "borrowing scenery to express feelings".
Subjective description means that the author writes objective scenery with subjective feelings, and consciously or unconsciously integrates subjective feelings into the scenery, which is called "sending feelings to the scenery" in writing.
The natural environment is a common description object in this paper. Social environment can be room furnishings, layout, places for people's activities, local customs and habits, etc. Scenes are the general characteristics of people's activities at specific times and occasions. Write a narrative with strong story and a good environment. Some people say that it is necessary to draw two pictures, that is, a "dead body painting" and a "murder painting" around the characters.
Environment is the "soil" of a character's life and the foundation of the formation and development of his character. Su Xun once said: "The scenery that is difficult to write is in front of us, and there is infinite meaning in it." Indeed, a successful environmental description can not only render the atmosphere, but also make people feel the life breath of the whole era and environment, and feel the thoughts and emotions in the author's heart. Specifically, there are several ways to write articles in new colors.
The analysis of the theme of the novel is inseparable from the careful analysis of the characters and plots, and also from the careful investigation of the environment. For example, in Lao She's Camel Xiangzi, in order to describe the hardships of Xiangzi, the driver, and reveal the misery of the working people in the old society, the author tried his best to describe a stormy scene.
When times were hard, Xiangzi had to pull rickshaws to earn money. It rained so hard that people couldn't walk, so Xiangzi had to make money in the rain. Through the description of the environment, Xiangzi's industrious and industrious nature was revealed, thus revealing the theme of misery and tragedy of working people's life in the old society.
Of course, a specific environmental description often has multiple functions, which need to be comprehensively analyzed according to the specific language environment, and should not be limited to a certain function.
Sogou encyclopedia-environmental description
Spring has come, everything has revived, and the willow has pulled out its delicate branches.
Today, it began to rain in Mao Mao, fluttering and spreading. Rows of willows on Xuanwu Lake disappeared in the boundless drizzle and gradually disappeared in the fog. I see a row of weeping willows in the distance. All the willows have just turned green, and the green shadow dances behind the willows like a layer of green gauze under the breeze. It's beautiful.
Qiu Guang is overlapping. It secretly took three roads during the Mid-Autumn Festival. There are no colorful flowers in spring, no green trees in summer and no snowflakes in winter. But fruit trees that bear fruit in autumn bring people the joy of harvest. There are fruits everywhere! Jiangnan in spring is beautiful, the wind is soft, the air is fresh and the sun is warm. Wheat seedlings in the field are like the sea, scattered villages are unsinkable boats, criss-crossing winding rivers, willow branches by the river spit out buds, and reeds are green as soon as they come out; The calm river wakes up from the simplicity of winter and is covered with the color of nature. Wan Li is clear.
Miss Chun squinted in the sun. The new green leaves and the fog and smoke in the fields are like her clothes.
With the pace of her spring, the green grass broke through the ground and stood out almost with her feet. The endless plain is flat and vast, like a huge dark green jade plate, which is breathtaking.
The endless plain stretches under the sky, without hills, as calm as the sea on a calm day. The intermittent rain, like a wisp of hazy smoke, covered the Huaihe River Plain stretching for thousands of miles.
The climate on the plateau is really unpredictable. Sometimes happy, sometimes angry; Sometimes it's windy, sometimes it's calm and motionless.
Spring on the plateau is as short as a rabbit's tail and fleeting. There is also a thin river on the grassy grassland, which is exposed in the sun and looks like a glittering silver necklace from a distance.
Wild flowers are in full bloom on the grassland after the rain, like a flower scarf that has just been soaked in water, and even dew is colorful.
3. The role of environmental description Environmental description is a description of the specific social environment and natural environment in which the characters live. 1 explain the location or background of the incident and increase the authenticity of the incident. 2 Render the atmosphere to contrast the emotions of the characters. 3 Entrust the thoughts and feelings of the characters. 4 reflect the character or quality of the character. 5. Promote the development of the plot. 6 deepen the theme of the work. Environmental description refers to the description of the specific social environment and natural environment in which the characters live.
Among them, social environment refers to buildings, places, furnishings and other scenery and folk customs that can reflect the characteristics of society and the times. Natural environment refers to seasonal changes, wind, frost, rain and snow, mountains and rivers, lakes and seas, forests, Yuan Ye and other natural scenery.
First of all, explain the location or background of the incident to increase the authenticity of the incident. For example, "There is a vast Gobi outside the window, no mountains, no water, no one …" The first paragraph of "White Poplar" explains the location: people feel the desolation and barrenness of the Gobi, which paves the way for the following father's meditation.
In addition, the same is true of Kong Yiji's description of the hotel pattern in Luzhen at the beginning. Second, the atmosphere is rendered, and the emotions of the characters are set off.
For example, "it's gray, gloomy and cold, and the sidewalks on both sides of Chang 'an Avenue are crowded with men, women and children. The environmental description in the article "Ten Miles Long Street to the Premier" exaggerates the sad atmosphere and sets off people's extremely sad mood in mourning for Premier Zhou.
Another example is the description of the hometown scene in Hometown, which renders a sad atmosphere. Lu Xun's article "Medicine" ends with a paragraph: Although the season is bright, the weather is still "exceptionally cold" and the roadside is "layered"; There is no life here, only the "upright branches" of hay make a "trembling sound"; There are no crowing orioles, only crows with ominous omen. They "stand with their heads down and cast iron".
Here, with the help of environmental description, the cold and sad atmosphere of the cemetery is rendered. Third, entrust the thoughts and feelings of the characters.
For example, in the article Wish, after pointing out that "I" went to a street park in Paris to read a book on holiday, I explained the surrounding environment of "I" and the connection between "I" and Beijing from the flowers, expressing the author's thoughts and feelings of missing the motherland. Fourth, reflect the character or quality of the characters.
For example, the article "A Night's Work" describes the working environment of Premier Zhou: "This is a tall palace-style house with extremely simple interior furnishings ..." This shows how simple the life of the Prime Minister is. Another example is the article "The Poor", which says, "The cold wind is howling outside and the waves are rough ... This fisherman's hut is warm and comfortable."
So Sang Na is a hard worker. In addition, for example, the description of the hut in Pear Blossom on the Post Road shows people's enthusiasm and kindness.
Fifth, promote the development of the plot. For example, in "Cao Cao Boiling Wine on Heroes", "The wine is half full, and suddenly the clouds are bleak and the rain is coming.
From a human point of view, there is a dragon hanging in the sky. Because of the change of the weather, the comment on "Dragon" was introduced, which promoted the development of the plot. In addition, as written in "Border Town", "It's almost evening, and all the other birds seem to have rested, only the cuckoo keeps calling.
Stones and soil were exposed to the sun all day, and vegetation was exposed to the sun all day. At this time, each emits a kind of hot air. The air smells of earth, plants and beetles.
Cui Cui looked at the red clouds in the sky and listened to the noise of businessmen from the ferry. Her heart was a little thin and desolate. Cui Cui in Seeds of Love "feels something is missing in her mature life", "It seems that she saw that the day has passed and tried to climb up in a new personnel, but failed".
Cui Cui longs for love, but she hasn't landed yet. She feels lonely and lost. At this time, my grandfather was too busy to take care of her on the ferry, and the cuckoo kept calling. The smell of soil, vegetation, beetles and the confused voice of businessmen aggravated Cui Cui's inner confusion and loneliness, so she "had a thin sadness in her heart."
The description of the environment here has become an opportunity for the psychological activities of the characters, reflecting the mood of the characters and promoting the development of the story. Sixth, deepen the theme of the work.
The analysis of the theme of the novel is inseparable from the careful analysis of the characters and plots, and also from the careful investigation of the environment. For example, in Lao She's Camel Xiangzi, in order to describe the hardships of Xiangzi, the driver, and reveal the misery of the working people in the old society, the author tried his best to describe a stormy scene.
When times were hard, Xiangzi had to pull rickshaws to earn money. It rained so hard that people couldn't walk, so Xiangzi had to work hard in the rain. Through the description of the environment, Xiangzi's industrious and industrious nature was revealed, thus revealing the theme of misery and tragedy of working people's life in the old society.
Of course, a specific environmental description often has multiple functions, which need to be comprehensively analyzed according to the specific language environment, and should not be limited to a certain function. Environment is a specific place to form a character and restrict his activities, which determines and influences his character.
At the same time, characters sometimes react to the environment. To write a narrative with strong story, we should not only write the plot, but also write the natural environment and social environment.
Write these two environments well, you can better compare the characters, and then express the center comprehensively and clearly. The application of environmental description should be: clear purpose-help to express the central idea; Concrete and vivid-giving people an immersive feeling; Grasp the characteristics-write unique scenery.
Objective description is a description that reproduces the original form of the scene more truly, and writes feelings by writing the scene, which is what we call "borrowing scenery to express feelings". Subjective description means that the author writes objective scenery with subjective feelings, and consciously or unconsciously integrates subjective feelings into the scenery, which is called "sending feelings to the scenery" in writing.
The natural environment is a common description object in this paper. Social environment can be room furnishings, layout, places for people's activities, local customs and habits, etc.
Scenes are the general characteristics of people's activities at specific times and occasions. Write a narrative with strong story and a good environment.
Some people say that two paintings should be painted well, that is, a "landscape painting" and another "genre painting" around people's activities. Example: Pink appears in the western sky, which is redder and more delicate than the fat doll's face.
The sun is the reddest around, so charming. Red spreads around, covering half the sky, and gradually fades from layer to layer until it turns gray.
The sky is soft, transparent, clear and moist.
4. There are several novels about the role of environmental description in Chinese reading:
First, the meaning of the novel title (double or multiple)
1, surface meaning and real meaning.
2. Referential meaning and figurative meaning
3, pun, double meaning.
Second, the intention of the novel title (reason, function, effect and benefit)
1, the location of roll call time, creating the background of the story and rendering the ambient atmosphere.
2. Summarize the story, hint at figurative symbols and reveal the theme of the novel.
3. Structural clues, organizing the full text; Entrust feelings and deepen the theme.
4. Spread out the plot and echo the details; Contrast irony and strengthen the effect.
The role of environmental description
1, indicating the time and place of the story.
2. Reveal the background of the work.
3. Show the specific environment of the characters' activities, so that readers have the feeling of being there.
4. Render the atmosphere and set off the emotions of the characters.
5. Show the role.
6. Serve the characterization.
7. Promote the development of the plot.
8. Take advantage of the scenery to express emotion and blend the scene.
What is the function of the ending? The role of the ending in the text:
① Structure: Point out the topic, echo from beginning to end, and summarize the full text.
② Content: Highlight the character's quality or emotion, point out the center and deepen the center.
The role of the beginning in the article:
① Structure: Point out the topic, lead to the following, and always lead to the whole body, paving the way for the next * *, setting suspense.
② Content: Highlight the character quality/emotion.
The role of the middle in the article:
① Structure: transition, paving the way for the following.
② Content: Summarize the content and highlight the character's quality or emotion.
Argumentative paper:
Argument: find the position of the argument (beginning, middle and end); The characteristics of the sentence, summarize the argument.
Initial role:
(1), attract readers and stimulate their reading interest.
(2), lead to the topic or argument.
3. As an argument, prove the argument.
Parameters:
Function: demonstrate sub-arguments, and then demonstrate the central argument. (The argument should be specific)
Parameters:
Main methods: reasoning, example, comparison and metaphor.
Reasoning and argumentation: the authority is powerful, which enhances the persuasiveness of the article.
Demonstrate with examples: I wrote a discussion about … and demonstrated the argument of …, which was concrete and powerful, and enhanced the persuasiveness of the article.
Comparative argument: By comparing … with …, the argument of … is highlighted and impressive.
Metaphorical argument: simple and easy to understand, easy to accept.
First (demonstration method) demonstration ... then (model law) demonstration ... finally ...
The structure of argumentative writing is generally divided into: introduction-theory-conclusion.
Explanatory text:
1. Summary of the explanation: First, pay attention to the central sentence of each paragraph; Second, we should pay attention to summarizing the main points paragraph by paragraph, and remember not to miss-information extraction and summary.
2. Note: Generally, the reasons for not changing the order of paragraphs and answering methods are:
(1) The original text is arranged in the logical order of people's understanding of things, but after communication, it is illogical and does not conform to the cognitive law.
(2) In the total score relationship, the divided parts are coordinated in order.
3. Examples: Use examples to truly and concretely explain the characteristics of the things being explained.
Number: scientifically, accurately and concretely explain the characteristics of the things being explained.
Comparison: through comparison, highlight/emphasize the characteristics of the explained things.
For example, it vividly illustrates the characteristics of what is explained.
Definition: accurately and concisely summarize the essential characteristics of the explained things.
Classification: a clear, comprehensive and coherent description of the characteristics of the things to be explained.
Accuracy of explanatory language:
1, can you add or delete words?
A: No, XX stands for XX, which plays the role of modification and restriction. If it is removed, it will become ... (combined content). The meaning is too absolutely inconsistent with the facts to reflect the accuracy of the interpretation language.
2. Experience the expressive function of adding some words.
A: XX stands for XX, which plays a role of decoration and restriction, emphasizing ... (combined with the content), reflecting the accuracy, scientificity and rigor of explaining the language.
Can you change some words in the text into another word?
A: No, A stands for XX and B stands for XX. If you change A into B, it will become … (combined with the content), the meaning is too absolute (changing the original meaning of the sentence), which is inconsistent with the facts and cannot reflect the accuracy of the interpretation language.
Reference answer: My dear notebook ~ Take it for the sake of typing so many words.
5. The role of environmental description Generally speaking, environmental description has the following four functions.
1. Environmental description can reveal identity, status, temperament, spirit, etc.
2. Environmental description can: render the atmosphere, contrast the artistic conception (emotions and feelings), lay the emotional tone and pave the way.
3. Environmental description can also: contrast the image/mood of the characters, provide the background, render the atmosphere, hint/promote the development of the plot and pave the way.
4. Environmental description can contain some philosophies.
in detail
First, the main role of environment (scenery) description
1, self-centered, mainly highlights some characteristics of the environment (scenery) at a certain time or place.
2, focusing on its relationship with other content in poetry, nothing more than four:
(1) the relationship with writers, (2) the relationship with narration, (3) the relationship with lyricism, and (4) the relationship with reasoning.
Specific analysis:
(1) Relationship with people: It implies the identity, personality and fate of the characters; Set off the image, mood, spiritual character, etc. ; Draw out characters/pave the way for their appearance; Provide a background for human activities.
⑵ Relationship with events: explain the background of the story; Create an atmosphere; Symbolize some social status quo, etc. (technique); Hint or promote the development of the plot (structure); Lay the foundation (structure) for the development of the plot.
⑶ Relationship with emotion: Rendering/creating atmosphere; To set off/express some emotion; Pave the way for expressing some emotion (structure); Contrast a certain emotion (technique).
⑷ Relationship with reason: paving the way for explaining some truths; Explain some truth with scenery; There is some truth in the scenery.
Second, the other functions of the environment (scenery) description
1. The role of theme expression. For example, in the last paragraph of Blessing, the lively and peaceful scene of blessing is in sharp contrast with Xianglinsao's tragic death, which deepens the exposure of the theme of ethical code killing and human indifference.
2. Other functions in structure and expression. Such as before and after/before and after care, echo, transition, contrast/contrast, contrast, pre-suppression/pre-suppression, etc.