Mr. Rao's research has made new progress compared with his predecessors. His contribution is the detailed textual research of Yuan Huan's Qin Xin for the first time, which supplements the personal deeds of Zi Juan and the historical materials of Lao Zi's musical thoughts, and fills a blank in the study of the academic and cultural history of Chu State.
However, due to the long history, especially the lack of historical materials, including Mr. Rao's latest research results, many doubts about his works have not been solved. What is the relationship between Yuan Huan and the worm (snail, snail, snail), Xuanyuan (trickling) and even Lao Dan and Guanyin? ((Qin Xin) is his work? What is its content? What is the relationship between the owner of Guodian No.1 tomb and his funeral notes (such as Laozi and Sexual Pretending) and Yuan Huan, Snail, Xuanyuan and others and their works? The in-depth discussion of these issues is not only helpful to deepen the study of Yuan Huan himself, but also of great value and significance to the study of the evolution of Taoist thought in the Warring States period.
Yuan Huan is an important scholar in Jixia Academy of Qi State. Historical records say that he "learned the moral skills of Huang Lao because of his invention." .
Up and down. In Lao Dan, Guanyin and Yuan Huan, Guo Moruo thinks that Guanyin is Yuan Huan, and Guanyin and Yuan Huan are both one voice.
Therefore, the so-called "Lao Zi writes the next chapter" in Historical Records and Lao Zi Han Fei Biography is actually Yuan Huan's "upper and lower chapters"; Because Yuan Huan is a disciple of Laozi, "Go up!"
The second part is "the teacher's words he recorded", so this book is actually the first and second chapters of the Tao Te Ching preserved by Laozi today. According to our theory above,
To sum up, Yuan Huan and Woyuan (snail, snail, Juanzi) live far apart, and Yuan Huan can't be a disciple of Laozi, but what he learned.
It is "the skill of Huang Lao's virtue", not simply "based on Laozi's words", so no matter from his life age or from his ideological characteristics,
Yuan Huan can't even be a Guanyin, let alone the author of Tao Te Ching-Yuan Huan's "Upper and Lower Chapters" has nothing to do with Lao Tzu-
Guo Moruo's theory is untenable.
Although Yuan Huan's Shangxiapian has nothing to do with ((Tao Te Ching)), according to historical records, at least two things can be affirmed: First,
Yuan Huan is one of the famous scholars in Gong Xue, Xia Ji. He "learned the moral skills of Huang Lao, because his invention made him understand" and "wrote two chapters", so his book belongs to Xia Ji.
There is no doubt that the works of Huang Xia Lao Dao Jia; Second, the reason why Yuan Huan, Wozi (Yuan Juan, Snail, Toilet Wozi) and Xuanyuan (Juanzi) were classified into three categories by scholars in past dynasties.
I think an important reason why people are confused with each other is that Juanzi has a "bug" in his book (Qin Xin has been passed down from generation to generation, while ((Han Zhi)).
Bu San Pian has been lost in later generations, so people use "snail" and "Juan" to communicate, and "Juan" means "Juanzi", that is, snail, Juan and Xuanyuan.
And Qin Xin is also a part of "Thirteen Snails". In this way, the life story of insects and the content of "thirteen articles of insects",
It is logical to be inferred. Although I can't agree with those words, such as Yuan Huan, snail (snail, snail) and Xuanyuan (snail).
For a person's point of view, but because of the latest unearthed bamboo slips of Guodian, I think Yuan Huan, who has long since died, "went up and down" me.
Today, we are still fortunate to see it. It should be a short book unearthed from the No.1 Chu Tomb in Guodian, Jingmen, Hubei Province in recent years.
(Shang Bo Bamboo Slips (on similar temperament). My reasons are:
First of all, Guodian bamboo slips have been classified as "Confucian classics" or "Confucianism" by organizers and researchers since they were unearthed.
Family literature ",but some scholars pointed out that Guodian ((Laozi) reform deleted the part that contradicted Confucianism, so it was a family.
A Taoist Biography of Xia Ji or Zou Qiru's Family Edition; Professor Zhou of Taiwan Province Provincial University studied the fonts of Guodian bamboo slips.
After investigation, he found that some of them retained the structure of Qi Shu, which was different from Chu Zhu Shu and Silk Shu: "It is estimated that their background came from Qi Ru."
Therefore, more people keep the original appearance of Qi characters "it seems to be influenced by the spirit and temperament of Xia Ji School". The author once wrote,
Guodian bamboo slips () claim to be recognized Confucian documents, but actually "contain many elements of Taoist thought". That is to say,
On the whole, though, we can classify Laozi and others in Guodian bamboo slips as "Taoist documents", and pretend their nature, and classify ((five elements)) as "Confucianism".
Family literature ",but this just shows the" auspicious "(Sima Tan language) of Guodian bamboo slips literature" because of the harmony of Yin and Yang, adopting the goodness of Confucianism and Mohism and summarizing the essentials of naming "
Academic Features of Lao Dao Jia in Huang Xia. Sex pretends to combine Confucianism and Taoism, which is what Zheng He and Yuan Huan learned from "learning the virtue of Huang Lao".
The surgical features are consistent.
Secondly, the two parts written by Yuan Huan are exactly the same as the original part of Guodian Chu. The Nature of Guodian Bamboo Slips
According to the chart, its 35 pieces of paper were checked, that is, the number of chapters, but the organizer did not divide the paper at first. Li Ling and Liu School
When reading, the full text is clearly divided into the first part, from "mortal nature" to "sad end"; From "It is difficult for a scholar to ask his heart" to "Jun" at the end of the article
"Taking children as the heart" is divided into the next chapter. This not only restores the original appearance of bamboo slips, but also coincides with the fact that Yuan Huan wrote two chapters.
Third, although Yuan Huan's "Upper and Lower Chapters" has been lost for a long time, it has been attributed to "learning the virtue of Huang Lao, because the invention has its meaning".
But judging from the fact that it is mixed with "Juanzi", the content and theme of its "Part I and Part II" must be the same as that of "Juanzi Qin Xin"
Similar. Although Qin Xin's book is "not quoted, its content is unknown", its content cannot be divided into two according to its title.
Face: First, as the saying goes, "Qin is forbidden." ((White Tiger Boy: "Offenders will be prosecuted. So it is also right to ban immorality. "
Customs and habits: "The pianist is the unity of music." Therefore, the piano is forbidden, elegant and upright, the gentleman converges, and the gentleman converges. "this
It shows that the heart of the piano can not be literally understood as the heart of the piano, but refers to the gentleman's "discipline to be self-controlled" or "forbidding prostitution to be righteous"
Heart also. "Second, the piano is the unity of" eight tones ",which refers to the floorboard of music. Ji Kangsheng talked about the day when there is no sorrow and no happiness: "Happiness is the body, and the heart is the main thing. "that?
((Fu Qin is also a day: "(Qin) Sincerity can make you sad." Ji Kang's heart is still alive, and whether Ji Kang is influenced by it is unknown.
Therefore, "Qin Xin" means to discuss whether music can "direct people's hearts" or "make people feel", which was discussed by China from the pre-Qin period.
Articles about music or poems about musical instruments rarely talk about musical instruments or musicians. Taiping Royal Scroll 577 Music Department
15 ((on the piano, Zhou Shuri quotes:
Zou Ji saw the drum piano, and Wang Yuezhi gave way to the right room. After a while, Wang avoided playing the pipa and said, "The big string is turbid and the small string is small."
When the base is broken, the depth is relaxed, and the two are in harmony, the size is covered, and the evil is not harmful, which is to know the good. "Avoid repeating a day:" Not only sound.
Governing the country and safeguarding the country and caring for the people are all among them. "bogey said:" it is also a gentleman to warm the big string; The small string is cheap and clear, and it is also in phase; Advance further,
Those who are liberated will be punished; If you sing harmoniously, there will be decrees; Those evil spirits who hide each other's size and don't hurt each other sing up and down, and the officials and the people are blind.
If the husband is not chaotic, he will rule the country; Those who walk along this road are either alive or dead. So the timbre of the piano rules the world. There is nothing to be done to govern the country and the people.
Almost five tones. "Wang Ri:" Good. "Avoid seeing March and being printed.
Zou Ji saw Qi Weiwang playing the piano. Historical Records Biography of Six Kingdoms was written in twenty-one years, and Qian Mu thought it should be established in the early years.
358) 。 You can start with. Zhou Shu's passage is very much like a conversational Fu Qin), and its theme is also like a pun-
On Playing the Piano and "Governing the Country and Protecting the People" —— This is the same as Qin Xin. Guodian Chu bamboo slips pretend to be the theme, using
Scholars in the past naturally associated it with the first and second chapters of Guanzi, and thought that the theme of self-proclaimed sex was the word "heart": "It
Distinguish the "heart" of blood, gas and emotion without determination, the "heart" of will with determination, and the "heart" of thinking between them, and identify the "heart"
Aspiring is also indispensable, that is, the will participates in and points to people's physical activities, and is the master of people's body, shape, appearance, emotion and qi.
Guiding function. "And take care of the people's mind, the next article, although whether Guo Moruo is in charge of the people's industry with articles or not, is white.
It doesn't matter whether it is from the perspective of "Song Riveting and School" or from the perspective that Meng attributed these articles to "Shinto Books".
It has been generally recognized by the academic circles, but it is believed that the mind in the tube is about "eliminating psychological interference" and making the mind reach.
To "a natural state that is not disturbed by foreign objects and passions" is "the art of getting the Tao and making the heart a" refined house ",which is consistent.
In my opinion, the researcher's summary of the theme of Guodian bamboo slips is very essence, but it is not very comprehensive. In fact, sexual pretence is
The main difference between Guanzi and Guanzi Heart is that although it is also said that "the heart is the mainstay", the "heart" in it is the former.
"Zhe" refers to "the leading role of heart in human body shape, image, emotion and qi", which is the way and way for "heart" to realize "Tao";
It lies in ("sex pretends to be the same as heart", which not only expounds the relationship between heart and sex: "mortals have sex, but their hearts are uncertain"; "sexual claims,
Life falls during the day; Tao begins with love, and love comes from sex. ; At the same time, they all talked about teaching the heart, that is, cultivating the heart with music-this is "music (piano)"
And the relationship between "heart". It can be said that Guodian bamboo slips pretend to talk about both "Qin (music)" and "heart", but it is not an article.
Qin Xin's title is Qin Xin.
Above, the author discusses the relationship between Guodian Bamboo Slips () and Yuan Huan's Upper and Lower Chapters from three aspects. In my opinion, it's nothing.
As far as form or content is concerned, sexual pretence should be Yuan Huan's Two Chapters. Of course, someone may still be saved.
Doubt: Taoist figures in Xia Ji are all "writing books to rule chaos and rule the world"; It is also true that Zou Ji's guqin was led to see Qi Weiwang.
As a scholar, why did Qin write similar "upper and lower chapters"?
Isn't it?
There are two reasons: first, he may be limited by the main idea of the article. ((Sexually pretend articles discuss psychology 1' 2.
It aims to solve the relationship between "mind" and "sex", and the discussion of music (piano) is to cultivate "mind" and "sex"
Serve; If you talk about governing the country in the article, it will make the article lose its center and the content will be chaotic. Second, because Yuan Huan was a Chu, he was composed of Chu people.
Taoism of Zhuang has become "Taoism of the Yellow River", and the influence of Taoism of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi will remain in his thoughts. Chuguolao
Zi expounded the truth of "harmony" only for the purpose of "unity of knowledge and action" and "enlightenment" and achieving the realm of "harmony is precious"
Zi tianxia said: "Music is based on Tao and harmony" and "Morality is based on harmony"; All foreign objects are "not smooth and harmonious enough to be handled in Fu Ling" (Germany
Operator). Even Gou Zi, a great scholar who studied in Xia Ji Palace, only said: "A gentleman expresses his ambition with bells and drums and enjoys his heart with harps."
This is consistent with the viewpoint of "nourishing the heart with joy" in the process of self-determination. Therefore, Yuan Huan, who entered Jixia Academy from Chu, in his "Upper and Lower Chapters".
In Chinese, it has its ideological origin to talk only about "nourishing the heart with music" and not talking about governing the country with music. What's more, if Yuan Huan really looks like Zou Ji.
Is the so-called "governing the country and reassuring the people", isn't the whole Jixia Academy "in step"? Where is there "a hundred schools of thought contend"
"It's unknown?
Of course, we think that Guodian bamboo slips should be "upper and lower chapters", which are in content and theme.
Should be the same as or similar to the piano core. Can it be said that Yuan Huan is a trickle of children? (Qin Xin is Up and Down written by Yuan Huan.
"how about it? It's quite possible. But our purpose here is only to explain why Yuan Huan and Juanzi have been regarded as one person for generations, mainly because.
Because they have works with the same or similar content. As for the exact records in the literature, only Juanzi wrote Qin Xin and Yuan Huan wrote it.
The last two chapters, while the thirteen chapters of Hanshu Yinpian Ji can't find any relationship with Yuan Huan.
four
Since the publication of the report on the excavation of Guodian No.1 Tomb, there have been different opinions on its owner's identity. formal
According to the excavation report, "Judging from the shape and characteristics of the tomb, Guodian M 1 was in the middle and late Warring States period" and "the owner of the tomb should be Youtian.
Lu, that is, Staff Sergeant "(1 9. Archaeologists further stated that "Guodian No.1 Tomb has obvious characteristics of Chu Tomb" and the burial age is "not the latest"
It will be later than 300 BC, that is, at the end of the 4th century BC. "Because of" found in the tomb engraved with' Oriental currency (company)' lacquer ear cup, cited.
Scholars' speculation on the identity of the tomb owner. Some people think that the owner of the tomb is the teacher (prince) of Chudong Palace, and the books in the tomb are consistent with his identity; Some people think that,
The inscription on the cup should be understood as the East Palace craftsman's cup "; This tomb is small in scale, with only one coffin, and its identity can only be that of the lower nobility. " also
Some people think that the owner of this tomb should be Yuan Huan, Chen Liang or Shen Dao, while others build the tomb according to the similarity between the burial age of the owner and the year of Qu Yuan's death.
The Lord should be the bold inference of Qu Yuan, a famous poet in Chu State. Mr. Zong Rao pointed out that "Guodian tomb owner is a man who knows guqin, and"
He is a scholar who knows both Confucianism and Taoism, and he is "related to Xia Ji School". It should be said that in addition to the speculation of individual scholars, the academic community is interested in Guo.
The inference about the identity of the owner of Tomb No.1 in Dianchu Zhushu is very cautious, among which Mr. Zong Yi Rao's conclusion is particularly enlightening. Here, the author agrees.
The owner of Guodian Chu Tomb is Yuan Huan's theory, but he thinks that the argument of this view needs to be further improved, so he wants to follow Mr. Tsung i Jao's idea.
The owner of the tomb, who is related to the Xia Ji School, added several reasons for the view of Yuan Huan, a Chu who had studied in Jixia Academy.
Fang Jia criticized and corrected me.
First of all, as mentioned above, the "sexual feint" in Guodian Bamboo Slips should be Yuan Huan's Two Chapters. Guodian No.1 Chu Tomb
At the same time, there are also a large number of Confucian and Taoist classics, such as Laozi, Taiyi Shengshui, Wuxing, Tang Yu's Way, and Lu Miaogong's Questions and Thoughts.
Although these classics mainly belong to the classics made by predecessors or others, it does not rule out that they are mixed with the works of the tomb owner himself. ("Different Garden")
It reads: "At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the emperor buried Confucianism and burned scriptures, but sent Confucius' tomb, hoping to get scriptures", ((biography). "("Taiping Yu Lan "Volume 86, quoted from the Emperor's Department)
The "Zhu ((Jing, (Chuan))" in Confucius' tomb should have three generations of old classics and Confucius' own creation ((Jing, (Chuan)). although
There is no clear record in the modern archaeological excavation report that the tomb owner did it himself in the unearthed documents, but at least it did exist in the pre-Qin period of Ming Dynasty.
The existence of burying one's own work with others. In Guodian No.1 Chu Tomb, there are "upper and lower chapters" written by the tomb owner, so the tomb owner can only be "upper and lower chapters"
The author of Yuan Huan.
Secondly, judging from the bamboo books unearthed by the owner of Guodian's tomb, we also have good reasons to think that the owner of the tomb should be Chu who came back from the country.
People are surrounded by deep circles. Above, we quoted many scholars' arguments, indicating that the content of bamboo slips in Guodian Chu Tomb obviously has the characteristics of Xia Ji's Taoist thought, which should be
This was written by Chu people studying in Xia Ji, or brought back by Xia Ji. For example, a large number of works (such as "Five Elements") considered as Zi Zisi have been unearthed from the Chu Tomb in Guodian.
Yiyi, etc. ) is such a work. In recent years, many tombs of the Warring States period have been discovered in Chu State. Why are Meng Si's works not found in other Chu tombs?
Run to this ancient tomb? I don't think this is accidental, which at least shows (1) that the tomb owner lives in the most popular Meng Si theory.
Under the background of the times; (2) The tomb owner has directly studied or discussed these works for some reason; (3) The tomb owner is not interested in these works.
He always attached great importance to these works, so he collected them and finally took them to his grave. According to (Historical Records, Biography of Mencius and Gou Qing)
During the Wei Dynasty, Mencius himself was a student and an official, so the theory of "thinking of Mencius" was bound to prevail in. And the Chu people are willing to
Meng Si's works brought back from Xia Ji and carried forward must be a study of Chu studies in Qi State for many years and deeply integrated into the "Xia Ji School"
He was not an "official", businessman or other "marcher" who accidentally "swam" to Qi. According to the existing literature,
Among the Chu people at that time, only Yuan Huan could meet the above conditions? People. Therefore, I think the owner of Guodian Chu Tomb should be Yuan Huan.
Another example is the bamboo slips of Guodian Chu Tomb (after Laozi (c)), and there is an article called Taiyi Shengshui, which was copied by scholars.
It is considered that it is the same and progressive as the thought of "respecting water" and cosmology in Laozi and Guanzi Shuidi.
Step by step development and transformation. Although it is difficult to "guess exactly which author created Tai Yisheng's water works",
However, "whether from the cultural origin or from the regional characteristics, Chu is the most qualified to produce ((Taiyi holy water)", "it may be Chu.
A scholar of Taoist works. "In my opinion, since it can be concluded that Taiyishui is the work of Taoist Chu scholars, and it is recognized.
Because it is the inheritance and development of Laozi and Guanzi's idea of "respecting water" and their world view, it should be further developed.
It is closely related to the "Guanzi School" of Qi State to study which scholars in the ideological circle of Chu State belonged to Taoist scholars at that time.
Correspondence, studied the works of Guanzi. After such a study, we can find that among the Taoist scholars in Chu at that time,
No one is more qualified for the job than Yuan Huan. According to my inference, if Guodian bamboo slips belong to "Chu"
The Scholars and Taoist Works, then its specific author should be Yuan Huan, a "fallen scholar" from Chu to Qi.
Another example is the bamboo slips of Guodian Chu Tomb. One day: "Let's run (color) and dare (secretary); In the middle, the ear dares (teacher) also; Smelly, smelly (nose)
Won (division) also; Non-taste, mouth (teacher) also; Trade (gas), capacity (teacher) also; Ambition, heart dare (teacher). "In this edition, Guan Zhouhe)
There are also words like "listening with ears", "seeing with eyes" and "thinking with heart". Guan Zi Zhou He only talks about the "cleverness" of ears.
However, Guodian bamboo slips are related to the function of the whole "five senses", so the details of the two are different. But it is not difficult to see the difference between the two.
The relationship between them shows that the discussion about the function of human's "five senses" was a hot topic among scholars in Xia Ji. Simple books put "heart"
Its function is limited to "chronicle", while Guan Zhouhe goes further and thinks it is "thinking"-that is, taking it as a thinking device.
Officials are not just fixed ideological forms such as "ambition" and "will"-this is obviously the result of Mencius' theory that "the official of the heart is thinking". Mengzizeng
After studying in Xia Ji, his theory may be accepted by the "Guan Zi School" of Qi State, so Guan Zi Zhou He said so. But the author of Jane's book
I don't agree with this statement, so the simplified book only adopts the statement of "ambition and heart" But this issue was one of the hot issues in Miracle Summer Palace at that time? ,
Xia Ji Gong Xue, the owner of Guodian Chu Tomb, is very interested in this issue, which is beyond doubt-he just earned himself under Xia Ji.
The content of this aspect can be traced back and buried in the tomb-as we have pointed out above, in the historical records at that time, this Chu scholar who studied under Ji,
Yuan Huan is the only one. Therefore, we think that the owner of Guodian Chu Tomb must be Yuan Huan, a Chu who studied in Qi State.
Third, according to the archaeological excavation report, although Guodian No.1 Chu Tomb has been excavated, there are still pottery ding, copper round ear cups, swords, beryllium,
Ge, bronze square mirror seat, lacquer ear cup, lyre. Its "funerary objects" are similar to the adjacent Baoshan No.2 tomb (the owner of the tomb is the left of Chu State)
Very similar, but "compared with the size of the tomb owner mentioned above, the identity of the owner of Guodian No.1 tomb is far from it." Guodian no.1
On the lacquer ear cup unearthed in the tomb, there is the word "East official (company) coin", or the inscription at this moment should be understood as "East Palace craftsman's cup", but in any case,
This at least shows that the owner of the tomb is closely related to a prince. But why didn't such a tomb owner follow the doctor's or Shangqing's ceremony?
How about a "thin burial" with a "scholar" ceremony? In my opinion, if the owner of the tomb is Qu Yuan, who has the same surname as Chu and was once the third doctor of the left disciple, or
No other aristocrat in Chu is suitable; However, if the owner of the tomb is Yuan Huan, then all kinds of questions about the identity of the tomb owner and the tomb system can be raised.
In order to get a reasonable solution.
Ying Shao custom (surname) said: "The surname of Huan is the yin of Chu Huan, and later it was thought to be the surname. Chu Youxian was surrounded by the deep and wrote a book. " this
That is to say, Huan's family began as the official of Chu's Huan's column yin, and the descendants of Huan's column yin took Huan as their surname. The author of Deep Circle is
"Shangxiapian" is a celebrity in the surname of "Huan". The textual research on Chu's "inner circle yin" began when King Chu Mu became king (626 BC). the left side
Year and year of Wen AD: "(Chu) Mu took his prince's room and Pan Chong as his master and took charge of Yin." Du Pre-note: "Ring
Lieyin, the palace guard, was surrounded by soldiers. "Pan Chongben was the teacher of King Chu Mu when he was a prince, because he and the prince murdered the king and usurped the throne.
The new king, who succeeded in killing his father, was appointed as "a teacher" and "an insider". According to Zuo Zhuan, Pan Chong served as the "Taishi".
At least ten years, because after the death of King Chu Mu, at the beginning of the next King Chu (that is), he was still serving as a "Taishi".
I just don't know if he still serves as Yin who doesn't serve as a "circle". It is expected that the new king will not let the former king get old for fear that others will endanger his own safety.
I'm in charge of the palace guards. Although Pan Chong succeeded in usurping the throne by regicide, the king of Chu, and became a powerful official of Chu, his descendants may merge with him.
If you feel disgraced, you will no longer take the surname "Pan" and change it to "Huan". Although the descendants of Pan Shi's family take "Huan" as their surname, but
I may also think that my ancestors were responsible for guarding the palace for Yin in the circle and were awarded the title of "general" or even "marshal". How arrogant that is!
Therefore, there will always be several weapons on display at home, and even a few weapons will be placed in the tomb of the deceased as funerary objects. This is the No.1 Chu Tomb in Guodian.
Judging from the bamboo slips unearthed in the tomb, the owner of the tomb is a scholar; Judging from the musical instruments in the tomb, it is elegant and melodious; Judging from the weapons in the grave, at least.
The reason why junior officers passed the exam. In fact, the owner of the tomb has never been a soldier for a day. This weapon is just to show that his ancestors were "generals" for a while.
The glorious history of the army. However, the ancestor of Huan surname is "Huan Zhu Yin", which was founded in 626 BC at the beginning of King Chu Mu.
The owner of Guodian No.1 tomb was buried around 300 BC, which has been more than 300 years since, and the scenery around the city has long since disappeared. From the perspective of customs, "Chu has"
Sages circle the depths and write books from top to bottom. Do you know that the Huan family has long lost its aristocratic status? This surname was in the pre-Qin period of three or four hundred years.
The biggest celebrity in the world is "the sage surrounds the deep". Although Yuan Huan was awarded the title of "Doctor" in Jixia Academy, it was only an honor.
Number, not a real role. Moreover, at that time, the vassal States probably did not recognize each other's positions and ranks. Qi's "Medical Treatment" and so on.
When you return to your roots and are buried in your hometown, it will be good for you to enter the noble cemetery of Chu. What was your level before you died? this
That is, a series of contradictory and chaotic phenomena mentioned in the archaeological excavation report of Guodian No.1 tomb. As for the grave
Lacquer ear cup, no matter how to explain the word "East Palace currency", can only show that the tomb owner had contacts with the prince of Qi State when he was in Qi State.
Received a gift from the prince.
The author mentioned Qian Mu's date of birth and death above. In that chronology, Qian Mu designated Yuan Huan's date of birth and death as A.D..
360 BC to 280 BC. I think Qian's inference of the year of birth and death is the same as his inference of the year of birth and death of Yang Zhu, with one point.
The problem is to set the date of birth and death later, and the life span may be too short. I used to think that Yuan Huan should be the same generation as Mencius. Mencius was born in 200 AD.
Before 372, he died in 289 BC at the age of 83. I believe that life expectancy in Yuan Huan should be roughly the same. Guodian No.1 Chu Tomb
The archaeological excavation report did not mention the age of the tomb owner, but only said that there were two pigeon sticks in the funerary objects, and the heads of the sticks were pigeon-shaped. "Book of Rites, Moon Order" cloud:
"The doctor is seventy years old. If you can't thank him, give him a few sticks." It is different from (Xia Guan Roche, The Book of Rites, Suburb Sacrifice (Roche)).
Luo Chun bird in mid-spring, offering pigeons to support the country's feathers "; Big Roche, the emperor is in charge of birds and beasts, and the princes return to Yan. " It seems that pigeons
As an ornament of "staff", the custom of offering it to the elderly has a long history. So ((History of Etiquette in the Later Han Dynasty (Middle)) said: "Mid-autumn moon, county."
Tao is like this, and households are better than people. At the age of 70, he gave the king a staff and applied it with porridge. 80, 90, plus gifts. The king's scepter is nine feet long.
Decorate with pigeons. Pigeons are birds that can't suffocate. I want the old man not to choke. "If this continues, Yuan Huan's life expectancy should be at least 70 years old, probably in
Between eighty and ninety. Archaeologists have designated the burial time of Guodian No.1 Tomb as "from the middle of 4th century BC to the beginning of 3rd century BC", which is related to the ring.
Yuan's birth and death years are also the same.