General introduction

The word primary school is the product of China University learning from the United States. Some universities have high hopes for this new thing, which is only about a month old, and expect it to undertake many heavy missions. Just as some colleges and universities expressed ambitiously in their official website, the purpose of starting a small semester is to "strengthen curriculum construction, innovate talent training mode, improve teachers' quality, improve teaching quality, and comprehensively raise the level of internationalization".

First, the origin of primary schools

1. The reform of primary schools is more about solving the problem that the traditional two-semester system is difficult to enjoy high-quality teaching resources. The two-semester system is formulated according to China's geographical and climatic conditions and the actual needs of running a school. It has been tested by practice for many years. However, in the modern teaching environment, its disadvantages are increasingly obvious, such as slow pace of courses, low efficiency of teaching and scientific research, difficulty in effectively implementing minor courses and double-degree system, and inability to make full use of high-quality educational resources to achieve * * *.

2. More colleges and universities aim at the practical characteristics of primary school. Especially in the face of the increasingly fierce employment competition under the influence of the financial crisis, most employers always give priority to experienced people when recruiting, so it is very necessary to strengthen the practical training of college students. However, under the traditional two-semester system, the time for students to participate in practical training is very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize practice teaching. On the one hand, it turns out that students' internship time is too short, and some enterprises are unwilling to accept short-term interns, so it is difficult for students to learn knowledge in a short time, and the actual effect is not satisfactory; On the other hand, a short term with practical characteristics can make up for the shortage of normal term teaching. For example, students who study bank front desk business need to practice counting money. They can't arrange classes at ordinary times, but they are suitable for the short term.

Second, the primary school operation management 1. operational approach

The core of the primary school semester system is to change the traditional two-semester system in spring and autumn into the "three-semester system" in spring, autumn and summer. This reform began in 2004 in Peking University and the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and was followed by many schools around 2005, forming the first "short semester fever".

Openness, internationalization and service are the management objectives of primary schools. In this regard, Peking University has formed a set of corresponding management norms, such as the development and use of online registration course selection system and fee payment system to facilitate off-campus students to choose courses and pay fees. The school also uses the summer dormitory renovation and maintenance time to provide cheap dormitories for off-campus students as much as possible, and gradually provides library and network services.

The open primary school curriculum is also based on mutual recognition of credits, and relevant management measures have been formulated. Students can transfer their scores to school transcripts through the verification and conversion of applications. Internationally, in recent years, Peking University not only invited famous foreign scholars, but also contacted and sent students to participate in the summer study of famous foreign universities. With the establishment of mutual credit recognition system and the encouragement of schools, the number of students going to summer schools of universities in the United States, Britain, Japan and South Korea has increased year by year.

Even in many colleges and universities that are only open to students on campus, the concept of flexible and open primary school curriculum determines that it "affects the whole body". Such as credit system, teaching plan, semester fees, etc. , need to be adjusted accordingly; Another example is the use of classrooms, students' summer service and teachers' salary subsidies, which will undoubtedly increase the management pressure of the school.

Students are arranged to practice in enterprises. For students who choose their own internship units in the primary semester, the school also arranges teachers to follow up and supervise. Students' internships have strict management and assessment standards, and their grades will be included in the management as compulsory credits. If you fail your grades, it will directly affect your graduation.

2. Management measures

With the development of practical primary schools, the safety of students has increasingly become a difficult problem in university management. Schools are always on tenterhooks when organizing students to go out for internships collectively. Some students don't have a strong sense of safety, and enterprises generally don't buy insurance for students. The safety of students can only be guaranteed by the school. Once something goes wrong, the school should bear the relevant responsibilities. The government should introduce relevant incentive policies to encourage more enterprises to accept student internships, which is conducive to the healthy development of primary schools.

The reform of the semester system is not simply to adjust the teaching time, nor is it something that can be solved by casually introducing a regulation or coming up with a plan. Moreover, it is impossible to unify the semester system reform in different universities. For the short-term upsurge of domestic colleges and universities, this is a trend worth looking forward to. If more summer schools are established, the enjoyment of teaching resources will be realized to a greater extent.

When the primary school begins, it is forbidden to follow suit. Each school should determine the mode of the primary semester according to its own school-running philosophy and talent training objectives, and clarify its own position. She said that the reform of education and teaching is most afraid of rushing headlong into action, and the administrative department and society should be more tolerant of the semester system reform of schools.

expert opinion/advice

1, at the critical moment of learning professional knowledge, let students participate in social practice in advance, and feel the professional quality and professional requirements through the cognitive practice of professional posts, so as to understand what kind of professional knowledge, ability and quality the major needs. After the cognitive internship semester, students have more thoughts on the future professional courses, which is conducive to planning the future and will be more rational in the choice of professional direction and curriculum modules.

2. From the perspective of school talent training, we can adjust the talent training plan in time, optimize the curriculum system, increase courses (including practical links) that are helpful for students' future employment, work and even lifelong development, reduce or delete courses that are divorced from reality, reform the teaching content of professional courses, and improve the teaching methods of professional courses, so as to make school teaching more practical and meet the needs of students' ability development.

3. Carrying out cognitive practice can also strengthen students' practical ability. Previously, students only had the opportunity to get in touch with society and production practice when they graduated. Because students are nearing graduation, they have to finish their graduation thesis and find a job, the effect of graduation internship is difficult to achieve. Carrying out cognitive practice can make students contact with practice as soon as possible, and make the cumulative time of practical study and exercise in school reach about one year.

4. Carrying out cognitive practice can also help enterprises find suitable talents earlier, follow up with students, and let enterprises select ideal talents who agree with corporate culture, understand all production links of enterprises, are loyal to enterprises and have excellent academic performance. Therefore, it is also welcomed by enterprises.

5. It should be closely combined with the actual situation of the school, incorporated into the overall reform of the school, and embedded in the talent training program. Never ignore the reality of the school, blindly imitate and rush headlong into it. In the process of implementation, we should pay attention to a step-by-step process, which can be piloted in a hospital (department) first and then promoted in the whole school when the time is ripe. The school should have a specific implementation plan, strong operability, focus on quality control, and implement the task to every teacher, not only with an internship outline, but also with assessment methods. After the internship, students should be allowed to reply and communicate.

After the end of the theoretical semester and before the summer vacation, many engineering schools now open a small semester, usually 2-3 weeks. The short-term purpose is to enable students to put what they have learned into practice after learning the theory, and carry out relevant operations in practical application under the guidance of teachers, so as to enhance their practical ability and innovation ability.