First of all, we should establish a main line to explain the theme around the theme, and all the arguments depend on this main line. An article should have a main line, that is, writing clues. An article can only have one theme and one main line, and all parts of the full text should discuss around this main line. In discussing lake protection, apart from "ecological environment protection", we cannot deviate from "developing circular economy" and "developing wetland tourism". Writing an article first establishes the theme, and then expresses and demonstrates the theme from different aspects in a certain order, which is the main line of the article.
Only when the main line is determined and expressed well can the context of the article be clear and the views expressed be understood by the reviewers. What to say and what to solve, you should always say and solve consistently from beginning to end. For example, to carry forward and develop the core values of red culture as the theme, and to analyze the problems existing in the current situation and put forward solutions as the main line, then all materials and discussions should focus on this main line, do not mention irrelevant topics, and use concrete examples and theoretical viewpoints to reflect and prove the theme, so as to ensure that it will not stray from the topic.
According to the research of Chinese public education experts, the basic composition should be: a line has several sides, and several points are connected in series through a main line to express the central idea. Assuming that the theme of this year's national examination is "coordinating urban and rural development" and the main line of the article is to change the dual division into urban and rural integration, then the argument should be centered around it, explaining how to integrate and how to promote integration, such as: coordinating urban and rural development with the support of new industrialization; Break through institutional barriers, change farmers' identity, improve social security system and realize integration; Accelerate agricultural modernization, strengthen rural economic strength, narrow the gap between urban and rural development, and realize integration. Using the main line to guide the argument effectively avoids the problems of loose structure and vague discussion, highlights the theme and realizes the idea.
Suppose the theme of the material is educational reform, and the test questions also require writing articles centered on educational reform. From the perspective of educational reform promoting the balanced distribution of educational resources, there is a problem of "school choice fever". How to cool down the "school choice fever" is of course a feasible small angle, but it is difficult to focus on such a small problem in the full text, which does not meet the requirements of the topic. Only in connection with the background of education reform, put forward the general idea of promoting education reform, and solve the problems such as the gap between schools, unfair distribution of educational resources, and excessive concentration of resources and needs of individual schools, can we deduct specific angles from the requirements of material themes and questions, so that the specific cut-in angles are closely consistent with the material background and major themes, and there will be no problems of deviating from the material and questions.
Use the big theme specified in the title to guide the small angle you think of, always echo the theme everywhere, and write the keywords representing the theme, then the theme of the article will be unified with the specific cut-in angle actually written, and the idea will be tenable and the high score will be there.
So how to establish the main line and theme? This needs to grasp the meaning of the examination requirements and materials as a whole. Chinese public education experts believe that one way is to pay attention to the core tips, analysis and countermeasures of the article. Usually the core tips contain topics. For example, in 20 1 1 questions above the provincial level, the theme of the composition is "carry forward the spirit of the Yellow River", while words such as "rootless" and "rootless crisis" appear below the municipal level. Combined with the materials, we can understand where the theme of the composition should start, explain the Yellow River spirit and rootless crisis, and put forward the countermeasures to carry forward the Yellow River spirit and solve the rootless crisis from different angles. In the specific discussion, we can correctly establish the theme and grasp the main line by deducing the topic from time to time and repeatedly mentioning the promotion of the spirit of the Yellow River and resolving the crisis of root loss.
Another way to find the theme is to look at the materials and find the most frequent, repeated and important keywords. Generally, it does not appear in the first material, or in the last material, or in the policy document excerpt in the appendix; It was put forward either by state leaders or by documents or experts. As long as it is the theme of the material, it will appear repeatedly. Therefore, by grasping the opinion keywords with high frequency and highest status (or the highest level of documents) in the material, we can grasp the theme of the material and then establish the general argument of the article.
After establishing the overall argument, we should also choose the specific angle of the problem, that is, the sub-argument. For example, the theme of urban development, from which angles to solve the problem?
First of all, the big theme and the small angle should be unified, and the small angle and the sub-argument should be unified under the guidance of the big theme and the general argument. We should focus on the overall situation and start small. The general argument is at the macro level, and the specific sub-arguments are at the micro level. It is necessary to unify the micro perspective under the macro perspective, and put the viewpoint and content within the framework of the big theme, so as to obtain an appropriate perspective.
Secondly, small angles and sub-arguments should not deviate from the big theme, but should focus on the material content. Any specific viewpoints and ideas that conform to the theme of the material can be selected and combined under the guidance of the big theme to serve the demonstration of the big theme. For example, urban development depends on scientific and technological progress, and an open and inclusive attitude should be advocated. The above are the specific viewpoints put forward in the materials, which can be integrated and expanded under the theme of developing a modern city facing the future and the world, as well as how to promote scientific and technological innovation and progress, how to open social management, how to build culture and so on.
Third, we should decide what angle to choose according to the viewpoints and arguments that the materials can provide. Only when there is concrete content in the material that can be expanded can it be used as a sub-argument. If the ideas mentioned in the material are too abstract to be expanded according to the material, they cannot be used as sub-arguments. It is best to cover both macro and micro, and put forward several reasonable micro views from a macro perspective. Every point of view can find concrete content support in the materials, and use them to explain and prove the theme, so that the article can be written concretely and fully.
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