1. Guan Longfeng
Xia Dynasty was founded in 2 1 century BC and16th century BC, and the last king was Xia Jie. Xia Jie lived a luxurious and bohemian life. He tried his best to build palaces and often forced people to fight. According to historical records, when the sai-jo tribe was defeated, you Shishi presented Wang Jie with a beautiful woman named Sister Xi (also called Sister Wu Xi or Sister Xi). Xia Jie likes him very much. He doesn't drink music day and night, but listens to his sister's pleasantries, so he often ignores state affairs.
Xia Jie's tyranny is helpless, and the people are very dissatisfied. However, Xia Jie disagreed and compared himself to the sun that never sets. They cursed him and said, "I mourn every day and I die for you!" " "It means" your grandson is going to die soon! "We are willing to die with you!"
As a doctor of Xia Dynasty, Guan Longfeng, a wise minister, could not stand Xia Jie's atrocities. According to the historical records in the archives, Guan Longfeng, also known as Kai Long Xing, is a descendant of the ancient Kai Long Xing tribe. He protested to Xia Jie many times, asking him to care about the people and the country, but Xia Jie just wouldn't listen. After careful consideration, Guan Longfeng decided to remonstrate with Huang Tu. Guan Longfeng wants to show that the situation is critical and Xia Jie should pay more attention to state affairs. Guan Longfeng offered Huang Tu and deliberately stood still. Xia Jie saw that Guan Longfeng was impatient and said, "What lies do you have to tell?" Guan Longfeng glared. Xia Jie had long been so disgusted with this nagging, pocket-sized Guan Longfeng that he burned Huang Tu without saying anything, then told the soldiers to lock him up and killed him soon.
Xia Jie killed Guan Longfeng, which made him even more unscrupulous. The Shang clan flourished and destroyed the Xia Dynasty in one fell swoop. Xia Jie and his sister Xi fled to Nanchao (now Chaohu, Anhui) and died in Tingshan.
He should be the originator of such people.
2. Bigan
Bi Gan, surnamed Zi, was born (now in the north of Weihui City). Born in Yin (BC 1092), the seventh festival of Emperor Yi Bingzi died in BC 1029. He was loyal to the monarch and patriotic all his life, and advocated that "people should take Ming Dow and scholars should take Tao as their purpose". He is the son of Taiding, a noble merchant of Yin and Shang Dynasties. Bigan has been smart and studious since he was a child. At the age of 20, he assisted Di Yi as a high surname and was assisted by Di Xin. After more than 40 years in politics, he advocated tax relief and corvee, encouraged the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, advocated smelting and casting, and enriched Qiang Bing. In the last years of Shang Dynasty, Di Xin and Zhou Wang were tyrannical and dissolute, and imposed exorbitant taxes. Bi Gan sighed, "If the Lord doesn't remonstrate, he will be disloyal, and if he fears death, he will not be brave. If you don't fight, you will die, and you will be loyal. " So I went to the Star Tower to protest for three days. Asked why he relied on himself, Bi Gan said, "I rely on benevolence and righteousness, so I rely on myself." . He said angrily, "I heard that saints have seven minds and various beliefs." Then he killed Beagan and dissected his heart at the age of 63.
Bigan became synonymous with such people.
3. Wu Zixu
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Wu was a military strategist. Famous member, Zi Zixu. Chu people in the Spring and Autumn Period. He belongs to Jianli County today, and there is a statue outside the county bus station. Seal in the god emperor, also known as Xu Shen. Wu Zixu was strong-willed, good at writing and practicing martial arts as a teenager, brave and resourceful. In the twenty-third year of King Jing of Zhou (522 BC), his father and brother were framed by the King of Chu and killed by the King of Chu, and were forced to flee the State of Wu, vowing to overthrow the State of Chu and avenge the death of their loved ones. When he entered Wu, he knew that his son had great ambitions, which helped him to assassinate Wu Wangliao and seize the throne. He was used as a "pedestrian" (an official in charge of pilgrimage) to serve the national politics. He Lv, the king of Wu, assisted in repairing the legal system with Ren Xian, rewarded farmers with solid granaries, and ruled battlements with troops. He also recommended Sun Wu, who is proficient in military science, as a general, and selected and trained soldiers to make Wu a strong country in the southeast. He led his troops, together with Sun Wu and others, down the Huai River, and carried out a strategic deep raid from the northeast where Chu's defense was weak, and went straight to the hinterland of Chu. With flexible tactics, they defeated Yu Baiju, the main force of the Chu army (now northeast of Macheng, Hubei Province, now north of Hanchuan), and pursued him, marching into Du Ying, Chu (now northwest of Jingsha Jiangling), and finally achieved the goal of breaking Chu (see the Battle of Baiju). After the death of He Lu, he succeeded Fu Cha, the king of Wu. In twenty-six years, the battle between Wu and Yuefu pepper suffered heavy losses, and Fu Cha was eager to conquer the Central Plains. When he wanted to make peace with Yuefu, Wu Zixu foresaw that the two countries could not * * * survive. He also had insight into Yuefu's intention to make a comeback and advised him not to keep his legacy, but to destroy Yuefu conveniently. Fu Cha refused to accept it and sat idly by the arrogance of the country. Thirty-six years later, seeing that Fu Cha was going to lead an army to attack Qi, Ju Jian, the king of Yue, led many people to congratulate him, and once again advised Fu Cha not to attack Qi for the time being, and to destroy Yue first to eliminate the danger in his heart, which was rejected by Fu Cha. Knowing that Fu Cha doesn't know the general trend, you can't remonstrate, and Wu will be defeated by Yue. In order to avoid disaster, he entrusted his son to the Bao family in Qi, but was framed by Tai Zaibo and forced to commit suicide. Before he died, Wu Zixu asked Gongsun Xiong, the general of the Five Kingdoms, to gouge out his eyes and hang them in the east gate of the capital of Wu to see how Yue Kou could enter Beijing to destroy Wu. Ten years after his death, the more he destroyed Wu, the more he kept his word.
Wu Zixu was unlucky all his life. He left his hometown when he was young, and then led troops from other countries to attack his own country and flog his former king. I think only Wu Zixu can understand this kind of "traitor". He assisted Wu with his life-long energy and wisdom. However, on his deathbed, he aroused Fu Cha's suspicion and had the opportunity to escape, but Wu Zixu sighed: "Where should I escape?" I'm getting old, and all the fallen leaves come back to my roots. Chu won't take me in again, and Wu will abandon me. The world is big, but there is no place for me! ".I think Wu Zixu should be the saddest and most respectable of these ten people.
4. Shang Yang
Shang Yang (about 390-338 BC) was a statesman, thinker and famous representative of legalist thought in the Warring States period. The descendant of the Duke of Wei was named Wei Yang, also known as Gongsun Yang, and was later named Shang Yang. In 13 (the first 356 years) and 19 (the first 350 years), Zhou Xianwang carried out two political reforms. The content of the reform is "abandon minefields, open buildings, implement the county system, reward farmers for fighting, and implement the method of sitting together." At this time, the prince broke the law, and Shang Yang said, "If the law doesn't work, you can commit it from above." Punish the teacher Gong Ziqian and the teacher Gong Sunjia. In the sixteenth year of Qin Xiaogong, a teacher and a father's son repeatedly broke the law, and Shang Yang was sentenced to cut off his nose. The reform has been going on for a long time, and the Qin people are happy. If you don't pick up the remains of Qin, there are no thieves in the mountains. In the first 340 years, Qin and Zhao defeated General Ang, the son of Wei, and Wei cut the land of Xihe and Qin, and the people moved to Daliang. At this time, Liang was furious: "I hate what my uncle said." Shang Yang was awarded the title of Shang Wuyi for his merits.
Shang Jun's laws are too unkind and ungrateful. He made the law of sitting together, made strict laws, and increased the intensity of corporal punishment, including chiseling, pulling tendons, cooking in an iron pot and other punishments. The nobles of Qin complained bitterly. Zhao Liang advised Shang Jun to bear a grudge and asked him to "go back to the fifteenth capital and lightly irrigate the garden", "not greedy for business, rich in business, not used to the teaching of Qin", but Shang Yang did not listen. Before 338, Qin Xiaogong collapsed, Huiwen Wang Shang acceded to the throne, and the Prince thanked Shang Yang for his rebellion. Shang Yang fled to the border and wanted to stay in the hostel. As a result, the store owner did not dare to stay because he did not show his documents, and naturally "committed suicide"; In order to escape to Wei, Ren Wei did not want to take Shang Yang in, because Shang Yang had broken Mo Wei treacherously. Later, Shang Yang returned to Shangyi, sent troops to attack the north, sent troops to beg, and killed Yang in the pool. After his death, he was punished by Qin as a "broken car" and destroyed the Shangjun family.
It's a bit far-fetched to include Shang Yang in this list, because he was killed mainly because of things in other countries, but considering that he made great contributions to the strength of Qin, he was finally killed by Qin Jun, so he ignored it.
5. Chao Cuo
Chao Cuo was born in Yingchuan (now Yuzhou, Henan). Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty is the imperial edict of the Prince, and he is eloquent, so he is called a "think tank". Han Jing was an emperor of literature and history, and later he was promoted to an ancient scholar. He repeatedly wrote to advocate strengthening centralization, reducing vassal fiefs and attaching importance to agriculture and millet. During Emperor Wen's reign, Chao Cuo not only assisted the Prince, but also expressed his opinions and suggestions on the state affairs at that time. Most of these opinions and suggestions are practical and insightful, which not only played a positive role at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact in the future. For example, talking about military affairs, guarding the border to persuade farmers, valuing millet and giving good advice were all excellent political papers at that time. Chao Cuo and Jia Yi have the same view on the issue of local governors endangering the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, Chao Cuo wrote to Emperor Wendi many times, and put forward suggestions on cutting governors and reforming laws and regulations. Wendi Deng didn't take his advice, but she appreciated his talent very much. At that time, Qi was in favor of Chao Cuo's suggestion, while Yuan Ang and many ministers and heroes opposed it. After Shentu Jia's death, Emperor Jingdi promoted Tao Qing, an ancient scholar, as prime minister, and Chao Cuo as an ancient scholar. From then on, Chao Cuo became one of the three fairs, which was in the second year of Emperor Jingdi (before 155). Chao Cuo was in a high position, so he suggested to Jingdi to cut the vassals. This is the famous policy of reducing vassals. As soon as this policy of reducing vassals was put forward, it immediately caused great shock in the imperial court. In the first month of the third year of Jingdi (before 154), Liu Bi, the king of Wu, first rebelled in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and issued a declaration to the vassal state, attacking Chao Cuo in the name of "Jun Qing side", aiming at illegally treating and insulting the vassal state and not treating Liu's flesh and blood with the courtesy of the monarch of the vassal state. In the same month, Liu Yin, the king of Jiaoxi, took the lead in killing the officials sent by the imperial court to the kingdom; Then Liu Xiongqu, the king of Jiaodong, Liu Xian, the king of Miaochuan, Liu Biguang, the king of Jinan, Liu E, the king of Chu, and Liu Sui, the king of Zhao, all began to attack westward. This is the famous "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms with Wu and Chu" in history. Yuan Ang said to Jingdi: "The letter said that Chao Cuo seized the fault of the vassal and seized the fief without authorization. So in the name of rebellion, he wanted to kill Chao Cuo and restore the original fief, so he stopped fighting. At present, the only plan is to behead Chao Cuo, send messengers to announce the pardon of the seven countries of Wu Chu and restore the sealed fief, so that we can all stop bleeding and fighting. " Jingdi was silent for a long time, and then said, "Let's see what the real situation is. If it is as you say, I will not love someone in order to be worthy of the world. " This actually agrees with Yuan Ang's statement that he is prepared to beg Wu Chu and other countries to withdraw their troops at the expense of Chao Cuo's life. The killing of Chao Cuo was a complete surprise attack: Emperor Jingdi sent an assistant to Chao Cuo's home to convey the emperor's orders and tricked Chao Cuo into going to court for deliberation. Chao Cuo put on royal robes and followed the lieutenant to get on the bus and go. When the horses and chariots passed the eastern city of Chang 'an, the lieutenant stopped and suddenly took out a letter to read to Chao Cuo. Chao Cuo, a loyal minister who worked for the Han family, was beheaded. It's a tragedy that loyal ministers were killed innocently!
Chao Cuo is different from others. He was in the heyday of "the rule of cultural scenery" in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. It is really unfair that he died at the hands of Emperor Jing, and he can only be said to be a victim of political struggle.
6. Fan Ceng
Fan Zeng (277-204 BC) was a native of (now the south of Tongcheng, Anhui Province) and was the main counselor of overlord Xiang Yu in the peasant war in the late Qin Dynasty (2265438 BC+0-206 BC). After the peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty, in the second year of Qin Ershi (that is, in 208 BC), Fan Zeng took refuge in Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Liang and persuaded him to be a descendant of Chu Huaiwang, the king of Chu, thus calling on the people all over the world. After he was killed in Xiang Liang, he followed Xiang Yu and became his important counselor. Later, Xiang Yu named him "father". In 206 BC, Fan Zeng followed Xiang Yu into Guanzhong, and advised Xiang Yu to take the opportunity to destroy Liu Bang to avoid future trouble, but it was not adopted. Later, Liu Bang attended the Hongmen banquet. Fan Zeng hinted several times that Xiang Yu got rid of Liu Bang, but Xiang Yu hesitated. Fan Zeng asked Xiang Zhuang to dance the sword and try to assassinate Liu Bang. Because Xiang Bo also came out to dance the sword, the plan to get rid of Liu Bang failed, and finally Liu Bang escaped. Later, Liu Bang was trapped in Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang in Central China). When Xiang Yu's victory was in sight, I didn't expect Liu Bang to use Chen Ping's deviance to make Fan Zeng doubt Xiang Yu, so he stopped discussing with him. Fan Zeng resigned in a rage and returned home, but died on the way. Without Fan Zeng's assistance, Xiang Yu was defeated and committed suicide in Wujiang River.
Fan Zeng was the only one who didn't die by the emperor's sword, and Xiang Yu, the overlord of the land of Western Chu, was all-powerful and heroic in the early stage, but later he was besieged on all sides and the Wujiang River committed suicide. This huge contrast makes people more aware of the importance of Fan Zengzhi and Xiang Yu. We often feel sorry for the fate of Xiang Yu, a hero, and it also reflects Fan Zeng's mentality of not being talented and hating iron to produce. So it's not so much Fan Zeng's death as Xiang Yu's breaking the heart of "Yafu" and being angry alive.
7 Yue Fei
Yue Fei (1103 ~1142), a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou, was a famous star in the Song Dynasty. The mother is the most filial and the family is poor. His mother tattooed the words "faithfully serve the country" on his back, and Yue Fei took this as the criterion of life. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the draft was transferred to Zong Ze's command, and the nomadic people were defeated repeatedly. Song Gaozong wrote the word "Faithful Yue Fei" in calligraphy and set up a flag to give it. He also defeated Li Cheng, leveled Liu Yu, beheaded Yang Yao, tired officials to Qiu Wei, granted less insurance, and recruited envoys from all walks of life in northern Henan. In 1 129, Jin Wushu crossed the river and conquered Jiankang. Yue Fei persisted in resisting. The following year, in Yancheng, the "kidnapper" of Jiankang was recovered, and Zhengzhou and Luoyang were recovered. Rebels from two rivers (Huaihe River and Yellow River) responded that they wanted to re-enter Zhuxian Town and cherish the efforts of Premier Qin Gui to make peace. 1 14 1 year (the 11th year of Shaoxing), was falsely accused of "rebellion" and put into Dali Temple in Lin 'an (near Xiaoqiao Bridge in Hangzhou). Supervise the suggestion that Wan Hou * (end of sound) personally interrogate and torture Yue Fei. At the same time, the Song and Jin governments are stepping up planning for the second peace talks. Both sides regard the anti-Japanese faction as a thorn in the side, and Jin Wushu even wrote to Qin Gui fiercely: "Yue Fei must be killed to achieve peace." Under the attack of two evil forces inside and outside, Yue Fei was upright, aboveboard and loyal to his country. From him, Qin Gui and his gang couldn't find any evidence of "rebellion against the imperial court", but Yue Fei was killed in Dali Temple in Lin 'an on Lunar New Year's Eve in the eleventh year of Shaoxing, at the age of 39. Yue Fei also beheaded Zhang Xi 'an and his son Yue Yun at the city gate. Yue Fei's father and son and Zhang Xian died at the hands of a traitor and a bad king, which aroused the strong anger of the anti-Jin soldiers and civilians. Han Shizhong questioned Qin Gui face to face, and Qin Gui faltered and said, "It is unnecessary (maybe)." Han Shizhong retorted on the spot: How can the word "unwarranted" prevail in the world? "Yue Fei, a national hero, died unjustly under the charge of" unwarranted ". Before he died, he wrote eight words on the confession, "Every day, every day." This is a cry of grief and indignation!
I think each of us can be familiar with Yue Fei's heroic image of galloping on the battlefield and his unjust ending. Due to the narrow national consciousness at that time, Yue Fei's image was further sublimated because he regarded Jin Dynasty as an alien. However, under the accusation of "unwarranted", his loyal and unyielding tragic death is enough to make his name go down in history and be admired by future generations forever. Qin Gui has also been nailed to the shame column of history forever.
8. Fang Xiaoru
Fang Xiaoru (1357- 1402), the word "Zhi", once named his study after "Xun Zhi", and Wang Wei changed its name to "Mr. Zheng Xue". Chasing history. A native of Ninghai, Zhejiang Province (Ninghai was called "Mr. Goucheng" in ancient times, so people called him "Mr. Goucheng"), a minister in the Ming Dynasty, a famous scholar, writer, essayist and thinker. Song Lian, bachelor of Hanlin (the first scholar after the founding of the People's Republic of China), was once a professor of political science in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province (from Jiupin 1392- 1398), a lecturer of Hanlin (authentic 1398- 1399), and a lecturer of bachelor of Wen Jian period (from Wu Pin) (/. He was indomitable, fighting alone and loyal to the disaster, and was killed by the 10 clan.
Fang Xiaoru is his closest minister, and he is regarded as the king who knows him well, and he is loyal to him. Yao, the first counselor of Ming Dynasty, begged not to kill Fang Xiaoru, otherwise "there would be no seeds for studying in the world", and Ming promised him. Fang Xiaoru stayed at home after the fall of Nanking. Every day, he cried in memory of Emperor Wen Jian. Ming Chengzu sent someone to force him to see himself. Fang Xiaoru mourned in court and wept bitterly, repeatedly urging him to surrender to the throne. Everyone recommended Fang Xiaoru and ordered him to be called out of prison. Fang Xiaoru wailed in public, and there was a lot of noise in the hall. Ming Chengzu was also very moved and walked down the hall. Fang asked, "Is Wang An there?" Ming Chengzu replied, "I set myself on fire." Fang asked, "Why not be the son of the king?" Cheng Zu said, "The country depends on the county." Fang said, "Why not be the brother of the king?" Cheng Zu said, "This is a family matter!" And let people give the pen to Fang Xiaoru and say, "This must be Mr.!" Filial piety wrote a pen, scrawled the words "Yan thief usurped the throne", threw the pen on the ground and cried and scolded: "You can't write a letter even if you are dead." Judy was angry and said, "Do you care about Jiuzu?" Filial piety replied enthusiastically: "Why don't the ten families resist me!" Swearing is helpful.
Judy was furious and hated her mouth. She cut open Fang Xiaoru's mouth and tore it to her ear. Filial piety children shed blood and tears, but they still spit blood and curse. Judy snapped, "How did you die suddenly? You should destroy ten families! " While putting Judy in prison, he searched for his family, took them to Beijing and killed them one by one in front of them. Be filial and bear the pain and never give in. When the younger brother and the filial friend were executed, the filial son burst into tears, and the filial friend calmly recited a poem: "Brother, why are you crying and upholding justice and dying here?" After thousands of years of humiliation, travelers still return to their homes in the mountains. "Filial piety Confucianism also wrote a desperate poem:" There will be chaos in the sky, and somehow. Treacherous court officials want to play tricks for the country, and loyal officials want to exchange blood and tears. What can they expect? "
Finally, Judy added another family to the nine families, and even his students and friends were implicated. This is the unprecedented "extinction of ten ethnic groups", and a total of 873 people were executed in the middle of the year! The execution date is up to 7 days! Thousands of people were imprisoned and exiled.
Fang Xiaoru's death is also special. He worked for a wise king, but died under another great king. The Ming dynasty was also called Zhu, and it is difficult to judge whether his behavior is correct. It is not right to say that he is blind and loyal, but it is not accurate to say that he was "destroyed by ten families" for his integrity and belief, and all of them were executed in the middle of the year, which makes people understand the connotation of "a scholar dies for a confidant"
9. Yu Qian
Yu Qian (1398- 1457) was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Ming Dynasty, and his name was Ting Yi. Yongle Jinshi, Xuande first gave advice, and once suppressed the rebellion of Hanwang Zhu with Xuanzong. Out of Jiangxi, praise is everywhere. Five years (1430), assistant minister of the right Ministry of War, governor of Shanxi, Henan. In the eleventh year of orthodoxy (1446), Wang Zhen and others persecuted him and sent him to prison for execution. Later, officials from two provinces and even Wang Li demanded to be reinstated. In the civil war 14, Ming Yingzong was captured by Wala, and Wala persuaded him to move south, persisted and entered the Ministry of War. On behalf of Li Zong, he reorganized the army, deployed the key points, personally supervised the war, and with an army of 220,000 troops, he arrayed himself outside the Beijing-Kowloon Gate and defeated several runners-up in Vara. It's better to do more than one thing, governor's military affairs. First, English sects were forced to make peace. He put the country above the monarch and banned it. First, he was forced to release Yingzong without any gap. Since the return of Yingzong, it is still difficult to rely on peace talks. The elite of the Beijing army was selected to practice in ten regiments, and the troops were sent to guard the border. At that time, there were a lot of things in one's hand and in one's hand, but asking for advice was going it alone. When it was appropriate, he ordered a clear trial, and Wan Li went out on a piece of paper. He was worried about his country and people and forgot his health, but he didn't say what he did. He lives frugally, but he is practical and honest, which is quite taboo. In the first year of Tianshun (1457), the British emperor was restored, and others falsely accused him of being the son of King Xiang. He was killed and dumped in the street, and his family was sent to the frontier. At the beginning of Chenghua, he was reinstated and sacrificed. Hongzhi died in the second year (1489). Wanli was changed to loyalty.
Yu Qian saved the day, gave the dying Ming Dynasty a breathing space and defended the dignity of the country. Yu Qian's death makes people feel quite natural. The king of a country was captured by the enemy, forced to abdicate, and then successfully restored. This is probably the only case in China and even in the world. Because Yu Qian is inextricably linked with this matter, Yu Qian's death is inevitable. Who let him stand on this historic case?
10. Yuan Chonghuan
Yuan Chonghuan (1584 ~ 1630), the number is free. Tengxian, Guangxi. Forty-seven years of Wanli (16 19), Jinshi. Awarded to Shaowu County, Fujian Province. When the Ming army confronted Houjin in Liaodong, it became increasingly passive. Although Chonghuan is a magistrate of a county, he takes the world as his own responsibility and promises his future. In the second year of the apocalypse (1622), he made a pilgrimage to Beijing. At Hou Xun's request, he was promoted to director of the Ministry of War. Soon, the Qing emperor Nurhachi seized Guangning, and the minister appointed a meeting to guard Shanhaiguan and defend the capital. In times of crisis, Chonghuan visited Shanhaiguan alone, closed the situation and the general's plan to Chen Bei, and asked the soldiers to guard Shanhaiguan. Courtiers called him a talent, promoted him as a servant, and supervised the troops outside the customs. He argued that he was in Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning) and was guarding the customs. As a university student, Sun Chengzong, the supervisor of Hebei and Liaoning, relied heavily on him. Jianning Yuancheng, an important town outside the customs, entered the army to prepare an agreement and then re-entered the political power. After Gaudi took Sun Chengzong as the overseer of Hebei and Liao Dynasties, Chonghuan refused to carry out Gaudi's exit order, and pricked blood to inspire soldiers to defend Ningyuan ancient city to the death. After the defeat, Jin Baiwan besieged the army, wounded Nurhachi with artillery, and won the first victory of the Ming Dynasty over the late Jin Dynasty (known as "Ningyuan victory" in history), which swept away the low morale of the Ming army and recovered a large area of land in western Liaoning. The imperial court made him the right capital suggestion and the governor of Liaodong. Wei Zhongxian sent Liu Yingkun and Ji Yong, his confidants, out of Liaodong, to remonstrate but not to obey. In seven years, after crossing the Yalu River in the south, Jin Bing took an active strategy, sent troops to repair Jinzhou, Zhongzuo and Daling, broke the main force of Jin, and achieved great success in Ningjin. After the war, he was dismissed by the Party for not attaching himself to Wei Zhongxian. Xi Zong collapsed, Chongzhen acceded to the throne, and Wei Zhongxian was punished. Courtiers please call Yuan Chonghuan back to Korea. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), he served as the minister of war and the right deputy capital, supervising the military affairs of Hebei and Liaoning, as well as Deng, Lai and Tianjin. When he entered Beijing in July, the emperor summoned the imperial envoys. He declaimed that he planned to restore Liaodong in five years, and made a comprehensive estimation and planning of the military situation in Liaodong at that time, relying on the Liaodong people to defend Liaodong land, build cities and wasteland, gain a foothold and clear the field, and stand by for attack at any time. After taking office, strengthen defense, recover lost ground and appease exiles. Kill Pidao (now Shidao, Korea), garrison commander Mao, rectify the military system, and strictly observe military discipline. The following year, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Taiji, avoided its defensive areas and led hundreds of troops into xifengkou. Chonghuan arrived in Jizhou (now Jixian County, Tianjin) in November after hearing the news. At the critical moment when Zunhua was captured by the late Jin Dynasty and arrived at the gates of Beijing, he led his troops into Wei Shijing and fought with the late Jin Dynasty soldiers outside Guangqumen, thus winning the capital. In early December, Emperor Chongzhen arrested Yuan and put him in prison. In August of three years, he was sentenced to death (chopping limbs) and dumped in Xicheng on charges such as "Yuan Chonghuan's entrustment was invalid, relying solely on deception, stealing rice from the city, and suspecting being handsome".
Without Yuan Chonghuan, the Ming Dynasty might have been destroyed by the Qing Dynasty at least ten years earlier. If Yuan Chonghuan had not died, at least in his lifetime, Huang Taiji's Eight Banners fighters would not have crossed the Great Wall. However, the Ming Dynasty was a spent force and was terminally ill. Even though Chongzhen was an ambitious emperor and Yuan Chonghuan was a promising courtier, they could not reverse the historical trend. There are ten solemn and stirring loyal ministers here, ten of whom are Ming officials. There are too many lessons to be learned in the Ming Dynasty. ...