Talking about Railway Signal Problems
Railway signal is the basic equipment to ensure railway transportation. It plays an important role in the equipment status, information transmission and dispatching instruction control of various trains on the railway network. On the basis of analyzing the problems existing in railway signal, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to solve the problems, and points out the development direction of railway informatization in China.
Keywords railway information; Informatization; Establish a working network
1. The meaning of railway signal
The so-called railway signal refers to the use of specific and iconic objects, instruments or audio equipment to convey relevant signals to railway drivers, including vehicle running conditions, driving conditions, railway conditions and so on. In recent years, with the wide application of railway signal and the continuous development of railway signal technology, railway signal has become an effective means to increase railway transportation lines, improve the working conditions of railway workers and improve the capacity of stations and railway sections.
2. Current situation of railway signals
2. 1 The safety performance of railway signals is not high enough.
Due to the limitation of automation, China's dispatching command still relies on manual operation and adopts the backward dispatching command mode of one map, one pen and one phone. The observation and judgment of ground signals still depends on the driver. With the continuous improvement of train speed and density, the command of train dispatching will become more and more busy, and the dispatcher will inevitably be negligent in long-term work, which will not only reduce work efficiency, but also affect the safe operation of trains. Moreover, when the speed reaches a certain level, the driver's eyesight alone cannot guarantee the safety of the train. In addition, because there are too many changing factors in the train operation, it is impossible to command the train operation according to the planned operation diagram at one time. Therefore, it is impossible to popularize the use of centralized dispatching devices in China's railways.
2.2 Management defects.
The focus is on decentralized management and backward management level. The railway system is basically a whole, and the situation is very different at different times and regions. Although the microcomputer monitoring system has been installed in the railway now, the installed system can't really play its role and integrate the data into a whole because of the backward communication means and slow information processing speed. From the management level, the railway system has always been in the hands of government departments, and the current management mechanism makes the system staff bloated, marketing methods backward, and resources can not be rationally utilized. Under the guidance of market economy, railway system should be managed by enterprises as an important part of logistics to improve efficiency and increase benefits.
2.3 Railway signal system automation level is low.
Since the founding of New China, relay technology has been developing continuously, but the equipment used in relay technology is huge, and it is still difficult to realize centralized monitoring and intelligent control. Especially after the development of microelectronics technology, in some industrial control industries, this kind of technology has tended to be eliminated and replaced by some intelligent control technologies. In the aspect of railway system, although intelligent control technology is also adopted, relay control technology is still adopted in a wide range, which is relatively slow in development and still relatively backward in optimizing resources and improving efficiency.
2.4 Some problems existing in modern railway signal equipment
With the continuous development of economy and information technology, railway signal system is a part of ensuring the safe operation of railway. Although the requirements for railway equipment signals are constantly improving, some signal equipment still has certain security risks.
2.4. 1 Hub dispatching supervision equipment
This equipment is a rapidly developing equipment, which makes the dispatching in the hub more accurate and intuitive and ensures the smooth flow of the hub. The operation mode in the hub is decentralized operation, which will definitely affect the overall play and reduce transportation efficiency. Therefore, when the freight volume increases or speeds up in a large area, how to ensure the smooth flow of signal technology equipment in the hub is a big problem.
2.4.2 Station interlocking equipment
This kind of equipment is also one of the common equipment in the railway system at present. This kind of equipment has many problems after the train speeds up. For example, the line ahead is basically the same length as the train, and there is no traffic protection section at the entrance and exit of the station, which is not conducive to the speed control of the train. In addition, the safety distance between the signals is not enough, which can not provide the information of the safety distance, which brings security risks to the train operation control.
2.4.3 Train operation control and locomotive device
This year, the newly installed operation monitor replaced the automatic stop device (that is, the device with poor safety performance and assisted by the safety protector). Mode curves are used to monitor speed and overspeed protection. However, due to the formation of speed mode curve, it depends on pre-stored line data and manual input data, and fails to consider the fail-safe principle, so it is impossible to ensure safety.
Signal display system
In the actual railway signal, except the red light has a clear definition, other display signals have no clear speed value. In different areas, they show different meanings, mainly relying on the driver's own judgment, so the command ability is poor, the speed can not meet the needs, and the safety performance is poor.
Interval signal
In the single-track section, the relay semi-automatic device with high control efficiency is adopted, which seems to meet the driving needs after speeding up. However, there is a potential safety hazard that needs to be improved, that is, there is no interval detection equipment. This can't satisfy the driving safety.
3. Research on countermeasures to improve railway signal quality.
3. 1 Communication and signal integration
With the rapid development of modern railways, the railway communication signal system must be continuously strengthened. The integration of railway communication and signal technology, as well as the automation of dispatching command, broke the traditional technical concept of decentralized control, single function and relatively independent communication signals, and promoted the development of railway communication and signal technology in the direction of digitalization, intelligence, networking and integration. A dynamic detection center for electrical equipment with the railway bureau as the main unit was set up, equipped with a dynamic detection vehicle, which can dynamically detect automatically blocked locomotive signals or ground signals, wireless train dispatching and other equipment at a certain time, and realize the detection of stationary equipment on the ground by moving objects.
3.2 Development planning
When building a new line, the starting point must be high. The investment in railway construction is large, so the future development should be considered. Although the existing railway signal equipment and dispatching means are relatively safe, they cannot meet the requirements when speeding up. Therefore, we should consider future development, improve construction standards and adopt new technologies. Draw lessons from foreign closed-loop computer control systems. This will prepare for future competition and provide experience for future railway signal construction. According to the characteristics of China's railway transportation, based on the railway dispatching management information system and aiming at command automation, a modern railway transportation dispatching command management system is constructed. Realize centralized management of railway transportation and improve efficiency.
3.3 Application of Railway Wireless Digital Communication Technology
With the continuous development of railway speed increase and heavy load, the traditional railway signal equipment based on discrete components and analog signal processing technology can no longer meet the safety requirements. However, digital signal processing technology solves the problem of railway information signal. Frequency domain analysis of digital signal processing has the advantages of high calculation accuracy and good anti-interference performance, which is practical and reliable. Therefore, the new technology of data processing is fully applied, and the high-speed analysis and calculation function of computer is used to improve the technical level of signal equipment.
3.4 Using computer network technology
Due to the rapid development of network technology, network management has become an objective requirement and an inevitable trend to realize management. The networking of railway signal system is to realize the information exchange between functional units in railway transportation system. On the basis of networking, the information on the line can be obtained comprehensively and accurately to ensure the safe operation of the train, thus realizing the intelligence of the system and the intelligent management of the control equipment. Therefore, the effective use of computer technology is the way to solve some problems of railway signal system.
4. Conclusion
With the development of high-speed and heavy-haul railway transportation, the traditional railway signal equipment based on discrete components and analog signal processing technology can no longer meet the requirements of railway transportation safety and real-time. Therefore, it is very urgent to introduce computer technology in an all-round way and improve the technical level of signal equipment by using the high-speed analysis and calculation function of computer. The appearance of digital signal processing technology provides a good solution for railway signal information processing. According to their functions, railway signals can be divided into driving signals that command train operation and shunting signals that command shunting operations. Places set according to signals can be divided into station signals, interval signals, traffic command and train operation automation. According to the signal, the display system can be divided into route signal and speed difference signal; According to the structure, it can be divided into arm board signal, color light signal, light rail signal (not used in Chinese mainland) and locomotive signal. Railway signal is developing towards miniaturization, solid state and high reliability in component manufacturing; In terms of design, it is developing towards automatic fault detection, automatic diagnosis, high availability and combination with computers or microprocessors; In terms of installation and construction, it develops towards modular and factory construction; In use, it is developing in the direction of no maintenance or less maintenance, high automation or intelligence.
refer to
Lin Yujun. Introduction of new railway signal technology [M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2005.
[2] Ministry of Railways. Information planning of railway telecommunication management [M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2006.
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