Obese children are more likely to be bullied by their peers and more likely to be depressed when they grow up.

stereotype

Error handling method of prejudice

When asked to comment on papers written by black people, they will try their best to give positive and unquestioned feedback to maintain their unbiased self-image. However, this is not the most comfortable behavior for the other party. They don't want others to think too badly of them.

When people meet an unfamiliar black man, even those who pride themselves on impartiality will react cautiously. In order to avoid prejudice, they may turn their attention away from others.

When they realize the gap between what they should feel and what they actually feel, people with self-awareness will feel guilty and try to suppress their biased reaction. -Automatic bias.

Even automatic prejudice will be weakened when people's motivation to avoid prejudice is internal (because prejudice is wrong) rather than external (because they don't want others to think badly of them).

Culture and art reinforce stereotypes.

The fierce rap music originated from black artists has led to a certain stereotype of blacks by both black and white listeners, who think they are violent.

Theory of realistic group conflict

Once groups compete for scarce resources, prejudice will appear. Gauss's law is an ecological principle related to this, which holds that the competition between species with the same needs is the fiercest.

In the United States, whites with the closest socioeconomic status to blacks have the strongest prejudice against blacks.

Homophobia is often a person who thinks he lacks masculinity.

The relationship between self-image and prejudice

A man who doubts his ability and independence may boast of his manly image by declaring how poor women are in weakness and dependence.

An experiment shows that boys with low self-identity don't like strong and unconventional ladies, while boys with high self-identity like such ladies.

Tom declared that he was gay, and he met Bill, a heterosexual. Tolerant Bill wanted his reaction to be impartial, but Bill was not sure about himself, so he hesitated a little. However, Tom expected that most people would take a negative attitude. He misinterpreted Bill's hesitation as hostility, and his reaction seemed a little sharp.

Internal group prejudice provides a positive self-concept.

The brilliance reflected by friends' achievements also makes us complacent-unless friends surpass us in matters related to our self-identity. If you think you are an excellent psychology student, you may want one of your friends to be better at math.

When we belong to a smaller group and are surrounded by a larger group, we will also realize our group membership; When our inner group is in the majority, we don't think of it easily.

In some social gatherings, people, as foreign students, members of gay minorities or members of the disadvantaged gender, can feel their social identity more keenly and respond accordingly.

The need of social status

Social status is relative: to feel that you have status, you need someone who is not as good as us, and prejudice arises from this.

Most people can recall the scenes when they were secretly happy because of the failure of others, such as seeing their brothers and sisters punished or their classmates failing the exam.

Self-image consciousness and attitude expression

Imagine that one day you feel that your image is not good, your hair is not washed, your clothes are super greasy and your clothes are very rustic. Then you want to have a conversation with someone, so I'm very sorry for what you did during the whole conversation. You become very sensitive to the way others look at you. After the conversation, your comments on the interviewee are: nervous, indifferent and arrogant. In fact, the other party didn't notice your ugliness.

Establishing and maintaining a good personal image can greatly improve self-confidence, and I personally have a deep understanding.

Different self-consciousness affects our interpretation of other people's behavior.

Interesting case: There is a black man, a gay man and a female supervisor in the office. One day, the way they looked at each other changed, and at this time, they felt the same way.

Black people: Look at their wary eyes. It's terrible. This feeling is irresistible. Two white people are afraid of a smart and enterprising black man!

Gay man: I can see from their eyes that they don't like me and think I'm gay!

Female supervisor: I hate their condescending appearance and men's eyes. They can't accept women in high positions!

The above three reasons are that the difference of self-consciousness magnifies others' attention to their uniqueness and misreads others' psychology.

They correspond to racial discrimination, sexual orientation discrimination and gender discrimination respectively.

A just world phenomenon

Eat small fish, the big fish said after eating: The world is fair!

Fish eats shrimp, and after eating it, the fish says: The world is still fair!

Shrimp has nothing to eat. When escaping from the pursuit of small fish, he said: there is no fairness in the world!

Cognition of fairness depends on a person's social status.

Prejudice had an impact.

When interviewing blacks, biased white interviewers keep their distance, stutter and end the interview in a hurry, which makes black interviewers more nervous and worse. So the interviewer concluded that the realization of black people was not good.

It's like a self-fulfilling prophecy, and prejudice is influential.

stereotype threat

I am a short man in his early sixties. When I play basketball impromptu with a group of tall and young players, I often wonder if they will think I am a burden to the team, weaken my confidence and affect my play.

Give students a difficult math test, boys and girls always get the same result, but when they are told that there are gender differences in this experiment, girls will dramatically verify this stereotype. When they are frustrated by difficult problems, they will obviously feel particularly worried, which will affect their grades. The threat of stereotype will also hinder girls from learning math rules and operations, and so will boys' English learning.

Negative and positive

Negative stereotypes interfere with grades, while positive stereotypes seem to promote grades.

Before taking the math test, Asian American women were asked some personal experience questions to remind them of their gender identity, and their grades dropped sharply (compared with the control group). When they are reminded of their Asian identity in a similar way, their grades will improve.

Stereotype threats can also affect athletes' performance. When golf activities are described as "sports intelligence" tests, blacks perform worse than usual; When expressed as a "natural athletic ability" test, whites perform relatively poorly. When people think of negative stereotypes about themselves, such as "white people are not good at jumping" or "black people are not good at thinking", it will have a bad influence on sports performance.

Qipa said that Mix did badly in the first issue, so he should have a lot of opinions about that debate. After the game, he recalled that he wanted to win so badly that he lost. -self-monitoring: I am worried that making mistakes will affect my attention.

Stereotypes distort cognitive explanations.

When told that two people had a quarrel, if the parties were two loggers, people would think that there was a fight; But if the parties are two marriage counselors, people will think that there is an argument.

I am also concerned about my physical condition. If you are a model, you will look vain. But if you are a triathlete, you seem to have health awareness.