1 Introduction
The so-called sponge city is an urban rainwater management system that collects and stores rainwater with the help of ground vegetation, and then uses it again through a set of water purification procedures, thus alleviating urban water shortage. If the sponge city theory is adopted in the process of urban landscape design and all elements of urban landscape are reasonably matched, it can not only create a good urban landscape effect, but also give full play to the role of regulating urban climate and alleviating the heat island effect, so that the city can truly realize the unity and coordination of economic and ecological benefits in the process of continuous development and promote the more stable and healthy development of modern cities.
2 the significance of urban landscape design under the concept of sponge city
2. 1 Protecting the ecological environment
The construction concept based on sponge city not only conforms to the development concept of contemporary society, but also benefits the protection of ecological environment, so many architects and environmentalists also admire it. Moreover, by applying the construction concept of sponge city, we can not only enhance the application ability of urban drainage system, but also establish a perfect rainwater storage system, effectively alleviate the water shortage problem in the process of urban development, truly protect the ecological environment in urban areas, effectively improve the level of urban landscape design, and better practice the sustainable development strategy.
2.2 Effective control of water pollution
The concept of sponge city construction not only plays an outstanding role in protecting the ecological environment, but also plays an ideal role in promoting the prevention and control of water pollution. Based on the city's own green space, it can intercept rainwater to a certain extent, and the rainwater beyond the interception range of green space will be absorbed and decomposed by the sponge of the city, thus achieving the effect of purification. It can be seen that the construction of sponge city has played an ideal role in purifying pollution and controlling water pollution.
2.3 Improve the waterlogging situation
The construction of sponge city can resist the risk of waterlogging. At present, many cities are facing the same problem, especially in the season of large-scale rainfall, urban waterlogging seriously affects people's daily travel and even disrupts people's normal life order. The construction concept based on sponge city will promote the further improvement of rainwater drainage system, and then effectively solve the waterlogging problem that has plagued the city for a long time.
3 "Sponge City" concept, the basic principles of landscape design.
3. 1 ecological priority principle
If we want to build a "sponge city" that conforms to the concept of contemporary social development. Then the most important task in China at present is the restoration and transformation of water resources and its related ecology. Of course, when carrying out the above-mentioned work, all localities should not only adhere to the principle of not crossing within their power, but also do a good job in the restoration and protection of the original water bodies, especially in the aspect of water surface expansion of natural rivers and lakes, strictly and effectively implement the key points of water body protection, and lay a good foundation for the construction of "sponge city" Secondly, based on the traditional design defects of urban drainage system, it should be supplemented by the concept of sponge city construction, especially the construction of landscape engineering. We must always adhere to the ecological priority principle of "sponge city" to conform to the development trend of contemporary cities, which will help maintain the harmonious relationship between urban development and nature.
3.2 Main planning principles
As an indispensable part of contemporary urban construction, garden landscape should pay more attention to the reasonable integration of the concept of "sponge city" in the actual construction process, so as to improve the garden landscape function of the city and alleviate the problem of water shortage in the city. At the same time, the construction of garden landscape is closely related to many factors of urban construction. In this respect, if the planning and design of garden landscape can be combined with the concept of sponge city construction, it can not only decompose the construction objectives in detail, but also ensure the effective implementation of the work at all levels, thus enhancing the promotion prospect of "sponge city" in urban garden landscape engineering.
3.3 The principle of adjusting measures to local conditions
The main purpose of the concept of sponge city construction itself is to prevent the natural environment from being destroyed by various projects. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the organic combination of local garden landscape construction and the concept of "sponge city" construction, to ensure that the construction method adopted is the most cost-effective and has the lowest impact on the surrounding natural environment, so as to protect the regional ecological environment from destruction, maintain the balance of the local ecological environment, and further highlight the local regional characteristics and reduce the construction cost of garden projects.
4. Application measures of sponge city concept in landscape design.
To reasonably apply the concept of sponge city to landscape design, we need to adhere to the above principles and take reasonable application measures to ensure the rationality of landscape design and effectively improve the level of urban landscape design.
4. 1 Rational design of urban rainwater collection design
The core of sponge city construction lies in rainwater collection, and rainwater itself belongs to a natural resource. How to keep rainwater for use is also a problem worth thinking about. Therefore, in the planning and design process of landscape, three-dimensional plants can be specially placed in the places where precipitation is relatively concentrated, so that the landscape can be naturally layered, and layered design and prevention can be carried out according to the order of tall trees, low shrubs and surface vegetation, which not only meets the aesthetic needs of citizens for urban landscape, but also promotes the infiltration of rainwater and the absorption of plants, thus providing sufficient water for the growth of plants in the landscape.
4.2 Garden Green Space
Based on the construction concept of sponge city itself, rainwater needs to be reused reasonably, so it is applied to the construction of garden green space in garden landscape and built into rainwater garden. Therefore, when it rains, rainwater can be fully collected, and the soil condition and vegetation growth can be maintained through the rainwater absorbed on weekdays before, so that urban vegetation can be irrigated by rainwater, thus ensuring the maximum utilization of water resources in all aspects.
4.3 Reasonable selection of "sponge"
As far as the construction of sponge garden is concerned, its specific functions mainly include the following three aspects: one is to protect the original ecosystem, the other is to help the damaged ecosystem recover as soon as possible, and the third is to reduce the impact of various projects and development projects. However, in the actual application process, the sponge construction in some cities is difficult to play its role, mainly because the absorption capacity of the selected sponge is insufficient, and it is difficult to fully and effectively play the role of urban sponge without investigating and analyzing the local area in advance in the actual application process.
4.4 Road planning
Road planning related to landscape architecture planning can also be integrated into sponge city theory. Originally, Yunlin Road was an indispensable part of traditional Chinese medicine in landscape architecture, but in the past, Yunlin Road was often only required to meet the entertainment needs of the public, and its ecological protection function was rarely concerned. In this regard, the road based on the concept of sponge city construction can also break the traditional thinking, which can not only reduce the occupation of green space, but also realize the effective protection of urban ecological environment. In addition, as far as the traditional garden road construction is concerned, intensive pavement is generally adopted, which makes the pavement layer have poor ability to absorb rainwater. Under the guidance of the new theory, urban roads can be paved by evacuation to increase the spacing between street bricks and provide a broader space for rainwater infiltration in gardens.
5 conclusion
Sponge city is an advanced construction concept put forward under the development law of modern society. If it is reasonably applied to the design process of urban landscape, it can not only effectively control the urban water pollution problem, but also purify the air and supplement the efficacy of urban drainage system. Therefore, we can make full use of the concept of sponge city in the process of urban landscape construction, improve the function and effect of urban landscape, really adjust the urban climate and alleviate the heat island effect, thus creating a fresh and beautiful living environment for people and promoting the unified and coordinated development of urban economy and ecological benefits.
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