First, the vertical topic
Vertically, from top to bottom, it means leading and being led. Vertical projects refer to projects initiated by scientific research units designated by the government on behalf of the government, such as the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and other scientific research administrative units. As far as funds are concerned, there are actually not many vertical projects, because they are obtained from the scientific research funds of the financial plan, but they are projects initiated by government departments and have strong guidance. Moreover, it is relatively difficult to obtain the project, so its scientific research evaluation is relatively high.
Vertical projects include well-known 973 and 863 projects, national social science planning and fund projects. Humanities and social science research projects of the Ministry of Education, projects of the National Natural Science Foundation, projects of central and state departments, projects of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), national defense projects, etc.
The level division of vertical projects is very clear, from school-level projects, local government-level projects, provincial-level projects to national-level projects, the standard of division is to see which department issued the project and where the funds were allocated. The higher the level, the more difficult the application and the more complicated the application procedure.
The following is an example of 973 and 863 projects:
The "863 Plan" is a national high-tech research and development plan put forward by several famous scientists in March 1986, aiming at promoting the development of high technology and industry in China. The 973 Plan is a national key basic research and development plan.
The funds for the 973 and 863 projects come from the central government, and the support targets include scientific research institutions. Project 863 includes ten major projects, including information technology, biomedicine technology, new material technology, advanced manufacturing technology, advanced energy technology, resources and environment technology, comprehensive demonstration, marine technology, modern agricultural technology and modern transportation technology, and there are also key projects below major projects. Project 973 focuses on agriculture, energy, information, resources, materials and other fields.
Second, horizontal topics and optional topics
Horizontal is horizontal, and horizontal is equality. Horizontal projects refer to technical cooperation or consulting services between enterprises and universities. Different from vertical projects, horizontal projects have no clear hierarchy and are usually divided into major projects and key projects according to project funds.
Self-selected topic refers to the topic selected by the thesis, which has nothing to do with the topic of the instructor. The topics formulated by the college, students can choose according to their own professional knowledge or students can choose research topics according to their own interests in the process of study and practice.
Third, fill in the source of the paper.
Filling in the source of the paper is a part of the opening report, and it is also a very important link. The opening report is to show students' planning of thesis research, including the design and expected completion time of the research. This is to urge students to finish their papers on time and improve their quality. Therefore, as a part of the whole paper, the opening report is very important and needs to be filled in carefully, and the defense of the opening report should also be carefully prepared.
After the topic of the thesis is determined, if the thesis is an integral part of the tutor's project, then the source should be selected according to the tutor's project. The correct project source should be selected for vertical projects, and horizontal projects should be selected for cooperation projects with enterprises. However, if the tutor's project does not apply for approval, it is necessary to choose non-approval. There are four types of papers, basic, applied, comprehensive and others.