During this period, Feng Jiasheng, Fu Lehuan, Yan Xu, Luo Jizu and other Liao historians appeared, among which the first three were called "Three Liao Historians" and Luo Jizu was also called "Four Liao Historians". Their life and academic activities lasted from 1960s to 1970s, even from 265438 to the beginning of 20th century, but their status as masters of Liao history was established during this period. For the convenience of narration, this paper introduces their lifelong contributions to Liao history collation and research.
Feng Jiasheng (word Boping,1904 ——1970) has written Liao History Primary School, Liao History Origins, Examples of Mutual Proof between Liao History and Jin History, and Five Dynasties History. From 193 1 autumn, Feng read 23 editions of Liao History, which lasted for 2 years and compiled Liao History Primary School. Taking Wentong Bookstore as the base, this paper proofreads Hundred Birds Book, Nanjian Book and Beijian Book. This book was later included in Three Mistakes in Liao History (1959). < A Textual Research on the Origin of Liao History > discusses the process and reasons for the failure of the revision of Liao history in past dynasties, as well as the historical origin of this Liao history. Luo Jizu said: "It should be said that Fengshu is the first book to comprehensively study Liao history and start with collation." Feng Jiasheng also wrote many articles about the study of Qidan, including Textual Research on Sun Qidan (193 1), Relationship between the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven in Qidan and its religious myths and customs (1932) and Textual Research on the name of Qidan (1933).
Speaking of Feng Jiasheng's research on Liao history, I would also like to mention the English version of Social History of China-Liao (907-1125) (1949) jointly signed by Feng Jiasheng and German-American scholar Wittford. The general introduction was written by Whitford. The rest is mainly written by Feng Jiasheng, divided into two sections. First, introduce related topics (with research nature), and then comment, focusing on historical notes and the system of famous things, covering a wide range, including politics, system, economy, military affairs, religion, customs, products and even Qidan language in Liao Dynasty. This book was rated as: "Undoubtedly, it is the most important work on Liao history published in various languages so far. It not only systematically analyzes and discusses the social organization, economic life, management system and institutional setup of the Liao Dynasty, but also provides a large number of translations of original materials and lists all the research results published in various languages at the time of publication. " "This book is a basic book that any scholar interested in Liao history should read." (edited by Fu Haibo and Denis Twitchett. China Xia Jin Yuan Shi, Cambridge, China Social Sciences Press, 1998). This book is also accompanied by Feng Jiasheng's Study on the History of Western Liao Dynasty. Appendix V "Hari Qidan" not only collected the previous research results, supplemented many new Chinese historical materials, but also collected and studied the historical materials of Hari Qidan. The appendix not only lists four detailed chronologies of events in the whole political history of Western Liao Dynasty, but also comprehensively discusses the social economy, political system, military system, culture and religion, and women's marriage in Western Liao Dynasty. This appendix represents the highest level of western countries' research on the history of Western Liao Dynasty. Since then, the study of the history of Western Liao has been in a state of stagnation for a long time "(see Wei: History of Western Liao in Karahan Dynasty, 20 10).
The theory of "conquering dynasties" put forward in the Social History of China and Liao Dynasty has become the mainstream theory and guiding ideology in the study of Liao, Jin, Yuan and Qing history in overseas China since it came out more than half a century ago. For such a theory which has a wide influence overseas, in the study of the history of Liao, Jin, Yuan and Qing in Chinese mainland, most theorists hold a negative and critical attitude except for some researchers. Whether to deny, criticize, praise and appreciate the theory of "conquering dynasty" seems a bit simplistic, which deserves our in-depth thinking and discussion.
Statement (word jade book,191-1992), written by the draft of qidan history demonstration (1939), is the first monograph on the political system of qidan in many aspects, and discusses the composition of qidan nationality, the composition of qidan nationality and the history of qidan nationality. In particular, the author clearly pointed out that "Qidan is a branch of the Chinese nation, so the spread of Qidan's fame is also the glory of our Chinese nation." This formulation is a great progress compared with the traditional view that ethnic minorities such as Khitan are "aliens" and "aliens". Torii Ryuzo, a Japanese scholar, commented on the book: "This book is very interested in the history of modern Khitan, and I can't help but admire the author's opinions after reading it. This book is a solemn publication and one of the most valuable political history. " The statement (No.40 of Yanjing Journal) also published many monographs and papers, covering important issues such as nationality, politics and military affairs of Qidan. For example, the first draft (1949) discusses the problems of the Liao and Jin Military Books written by Japanese Yanai Wataru, and makes textual research on the pronunciation, interpretation and military books of the Liao and Jin Military Books. Literature arrangement includes the meeting (1953) and the whole (1982). The former was developed on the basis of Liao Wencun, Liao Wen Cui, Liao Wen Bu by Huang Renheng and Liao Wen by Luo Xu compiled by Miao in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Since Ganjia, the Qing people have integrated all the ancient three dynasties, Qin and Han dynasties and six dynasties. "All Liao Wen" extended a period of the full text of the past dynasties, and collected a large number of historical materials for studying the politics, economy, military and culture of the Liao Dynasty, which provided great convenience for studying the history of the Liao Dynasty. If we can compare and sort out the collected data with the existing inscriptions and rubbings one by one, it will play a greater role in the study of Liao history. In addition, in the 1930s and 1940s, Chen Yinque also wrote a preface to Supplementary Notes on Liao History. This book is voluminous and has a huge project, which consumed the author's energy for most of his life and was not completed until his later years. It is a landmark masterpiece in the study of Liao history, and it is reported that the day of its publication is coming soon.
Fu Lehuan (1913-1966) has long been engaged in the study of Liao, Jin and Yuan history, especially the Liao history. In the collation and compilation of Liao history, there are "Song and Liao envoys draft" and "Liao history examples". In terms of special research, there are Textual Research on Song People Introducing Liao, Textual Research on Four Seasons of Liao Dynasty, etc. The latter article, in particular, is an important achievement in the study of Liao history in this period. It is not only valuable for understanding the territory geography of the Liao Dynasty, but also reveals the characteristics of the Liao Dynasty system and its influence on later generations. It is still a must-read classic for studying the Liao Dynasty system and culture.
Luo Jizu (word,No. Gan Ru, 19 13—2002) wrote eight volumes of Collation of Liao History. In the preface, the author says there are four main points in Liao History: one is the difference of names, the other is the discrepancy of names, the third is the contradiction of annotations, and the fourth is omission. Therefore, according to the book of Wuying Palace in the Qing Dynasty, I participated in the Yuan Magazine and supervised the school in the north and south of the Ming Dynasty. This book was published in 1938 (reprinted by Shanghai People's Publishing House 1958), thus establishing the author's position as a famous Liao historian. In addition, he also wrote Supplement to Liao History and Supplement to Liao History. 1963 seconded to Zhonghua Book Company to participate in the proofreading of History of Song Dynasty. Luo Jizu also published many research papers on Liao history, such as "Liao Chengtian Hou and Han Derang" (1962), which attracted the attention of Liao history circles. Three Chapters of the Maple Window is an essay on reading history published in his later years. It has a wide range of contents and opinions, and has been well received by many academic circles. Some people even commented that its value is not under the "Rong Zhai Essay" written by Hong Mai in Song Dynasty.
In addition to the above four masters, there are Zhang Yuanji's Collation of Liao History (manuscript) and Jin Yufu's General History of Northeast China (194 1), in which Liao history is discussed in three sections, namely, Qidan Unifies Northeast China, Dongdan Kingdom and the Legacy of Bohai Sea, and Song Envoy's Journey to Liao and Jin. Also, Fang Zhuangyou, Yang Zhijiu, Zhu Zifang, Gu Jiguang, Liu, Fu Yiling, Cai Zhiyong, etc. Su's Literature of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties (1933) and Wu Mei's Literature History of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties (1934) are the earliest monographs on the literature history of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.