(2) Before the reform and opening up, the basic situation of China's macroeconomic operation was that the total supply was less than the total demand. In reality, social production can not meet social needs, and there is a general shortage of various commodities and materials in the market. Faced with this situation, the solution and measures can only be to encourage production and limit demand through various administrative means, and maintain the basic balance between total supply and total demand in this negative way.
(3) Since the reform and opening up, China's economic system has changed from a highly centralized planned economy system to a socialist market economy system, and the whole macroeconomic operation has been carried out in a market economy environment. According to the general law of market economy development and the basic situation of China's macroeconomic operation, the basic relationship between total supply and total demand is that total supply is greater than total demand. In view of this situation, the solution and measures are to encourage consumption, increase investment and expand exports through the policy of expanding demand, thus stimulating the expansion of total social demand and alleviating the problem of insufficient total demand.
(4) the imbalance between total supply and total demand is not only manifested in the total amount, but also in the structural imbalance. The total social demand consists of consumption, investment and export. The total supply corresponding to these three parts is the balance of income, savings and imports, and the balance of total supply and total demand. The balance between total supply and total demand does not necessarily require every part of its structure to achieve balance, but can offset the imbalance on the other hand through the imbalance on the one hand.