Abstract: With the continuous development of society, people begin to pay attention to their own psychological situation while their material life is satisfied, especially the quality education of children has also attracted the attention of all walks of life. In recent years, our garden has carried out a series of mental health education activities for children. Based on six years' experience in preschool education, the author puts forward relevant measures to strengthen mental health education in kindergartens, aiming at improving and promoting the all-round growth of children's body and mind and providing reference suggestions for related work in the future.
Keywords: kindergarten mental health education
In childhood, a person's mind is not fully mature and has strong plasticity, so mental health education at this stage can achieve more substantial results. Schools should build an educational space based on children's behavior habits, educate children from their special ages, correct children's bad behaviors by using rich teaching resources and diversified educational methods, and make them in a good state of physical and mental development.
First, the status of children's mental health education
First of all, children in kindergarten are 3-6 years old, and their perception of things is relatively rich, which is not much different from that of adults, but they are different from adults in the influencing factors of emotional ups and downs and the way of emotional venting. Children don't suppress emotional changes, but express them directly through language and behavior, and their self-control ability is poor, so they can often see their behaviors exaggerated or produce emotions such as fear and anger. As children grow up, their perception of concrete things becomes weaker, while their perception of abstract things becomes more sensitive, including danger and darkness, and they are also more sensitive to man-made language injuries. The root cause of these factors is that children's psychology is constantly maturing.
Secondly, because many children live and study together in kindergarten, the importance of interpersonal relationship is constantly reflected among children, the number of companions is also increasing with the growth of children's age, and their communication scope is also expanding. Individual games have been transformed into group activities. When children have no friends, they will make up a child to play with them, which shows that good interpersonal relationships have a positive impact on children's mental health, while poor interpersonal relationships easily lead to students' inferiority complex and other negative emotions.
Finally, children's self-awareness will continue to strengthen in their study and life, which is reflected in the fact that children's understanding of themselves has been divided into smart, stupid, beautiful and ugly. The standard of self-evaluation depends on children's external evaluation, such as parents, classmates and teachers. Therefore, if the evaluation of children by outsiders is positive, then children will affirm themselves and strengthen their self-confidence in study and life. If the surrounding evaluations are negative, then children will be confused about themselves, and over time they will evolve into psychological habits such as inferiority. Kindergarten is the main activity place for children, so the evaluation of students and teachers has a great influence on children.
Second, children's mental health problems
Children are less likely to have serious psychological problems, but there are still some psychological obstacles, including behavior habits, emotional ups and downs, social adaptation and so on.
First, the problem of behavior habits. The most common problem in behavioral habits is ADHD, which is caused by children in class or activities. I can't sit still, so it is difficult to receive education calmly, and my attention is not concentrated, mainly because my child's self-control ability is weak; In addition, common behavioral problems include biting nails, sucking fingers, picky eaters, anorexia and lying. Nail biting is mainly due to poor self-control, and often biting nails consciously or unconsciously may bring some health problems; Picky eater anorexia is manifested as poor appetite, not eating or eating very little, and forced feeding is easy to cause vomiting; Lying is an unconscious description of untrue events, mainly out of vanity or fear of being punished; Sucking fingers is similar to biting nails, which is manifested by unconsciously sucking fingers, clothes and other objects.
Second, emotional problems. Emotional problems are diversified, mainly manifested as emotional out of control, unhappy at ordinary times, and unstable emotional transition too fast; In addition, when entering the park, they often show excessive tension and anxiety, and cause physical problems, such as stomach pain and weariness of studying, which mainly leads to a sense of insecurity when leaving their parents to a strange environment; Some children have a bad temper, vent their emotions with unreasonable behavior, are unwilling to communicate with others, and even hit people and smash things.
Third, communication problems. Some children find it difficult to live in peace with others and often fight; At the same time, there are still some children who are timid in communication and are easily afraid to communicate with teachers and peers; Autism is also a bad communication problem, which is characterized by loneliness, indifference to others and emotional independence. At the same time, it also includes a series of communication problems such as shyness, inferiority, anxiety and depression. Children's communication problems directly affect children's life and study and have a negative impact on long-term development.
Third, the principles of mental health education
First of all, in the process of mental health education, we should not only pay attention to children's own personalized development, but also consider whether children's personal characteristics conform to social reality, so as to make children's personalization and social existence * * *, and enhance their personalized development by certain means.
Secondly, psychological education is difficult to achieve results in a short time, and it is also difficult to ensure that children can fully absorb it, so psychological education is more sustainable and comprehensive. In curriculum teaching, psychological education should be integrated into children's real life.
Thirdly, although psychological quality is the transformation of the mind, its purpose is to regulate behavior. Therefore, in order to make psychology and behavior present a good coordination situation, we need to start with psychological education and behavior education. Only a two-pronged approach can all-round education promote children's physical and mental development.
Then, mental health education must follow children's age characteristics and development laws, analyze children's development with foresight and make preparations in advance. Children directly experience learning and living habits and are not good at complicated understanding and digestion. Therefore, the teacher adopts the education method of direct experience, so that children can gain something in the game.
Finally, in order to ensure the effectiveness of mental health education, family education and campus education must be coordinated, the social environment should be consistent with children's psychological development, children should be guided by external factors such as family, school and society, and their influence on these external factors should be transformed into their own internal control, so as to achieve the goal of self-realization.
Fourth, effective measures to strengthen the quality of mental health education.
(A) improve the quality of teachers
From the perspective of kindergarten teachers, first of all, teachers should have a correct educational concept and establish a correct view of children. We should know that mental health education is not just about taking care of a few children, but covering all children, which is also the core concept of mental health education. Although young children are petite and have never been exposed to society, there are still differences between them, which requires teachers to deeply understand the hearts of young children, devote themselves to education with full passion, spread care and love to every child, and treat them equally. For example, there is a boy named Wei Hongmo in our class. He is cute, but because of congenital differences, he is much shorter than other children of his age. So he has always been very withdrawn and doesn't like to play with other children. He always repeats what the teacher says when communicating with the teacher, but his self-care ability is no worse than others. Every time I see him, my heart is always full of love. Sometimes when he sees other children bullying him, his immature eyes are always full of strength. I gave him more care. When he is scared, I will hug him and tell him that there are still many children who care about her. Through the teachers' Qi Xin cooperation, he gradually integrated into the children. Seeing the bright smile on his face, I can't say how uncomfortable I am.
In addition, in order to improve the quality of mental health education, teachers should strengthen their own mental health care, thus bringing subtle influence to children in education. Therefore, teachers' personality is not only the guarantee of education quality, but also the decisive factor of children's mental health level. Some authoritative scholars have suggested that if teachers have psychological barriers, it will have a greater negative impact on children's minds, and children have a greater probability of psychological barriers. Therefore, teachers should not bring bad emotions to kindergarten, let alone show anxiety and boredom in front of children, and at the same time strengthen their own quality and mental health training. There is still a misunderstanding in children's mental health education, that is, some teachers directly copy the mental health education methods of primary school, junior high school and even higher age groups into children's education. This teaching concept is divorced from children's actual situation and ignores children's actual understanding ability and acceptance limit. In the end, it is often difficult to achieve educational results and it is easy to confuse children. For example, when some children's behavior is abnormal, simple behavioral therapy is often used for treatment, only considering the immediate effect and ignoring the long-term impact on children, and ultimately failing to achieve the effect of behavior correction, but a series of new problems have emerged. To sum up, teachers' educational methods and ideas determine the quality of psychological education in kindergartens, and strengthening their own quality is also a key learning goal for teachers in the future.
(B) to create a good educational environment for children
Children in early childhood are easily influenced by external environmental factors, so it is necessary to improve children's psychological environment, thus improving children's psychological status. The Regulations on Kindergarten Work clearly stipulates that kindergartens should build an environment consistent with education, so as to provide a platform for children to display. Therefore, in the campus environment, we must ensure hygiene, safety and use, improve the green coverage rate, and design an educational space that conforms to the characteristics of children's development. Kindergarten belongs to the department of children's education and care, so its space must be all-round, including learning and playing. Psychological environment has a great influence on children, and it is also related to the effectiveness of teacher education. Superior psychological environment can help children establish good quality and enterprising spirit, which is conducive to good communication between teachers and students.
(three) based on all children to carry out education, improve the enthusiasm of children.
First of all, it needs to be clear that kindergartens belong to the life and learning structure of groups, so the development of individual psychology is greatly influenced by peers. Therefore, when teaching, teachers should not only proceed from the reality of each child, but also rise to the whole, and constantly improve the comprehensive quality of all children, so as to create a good learning atmosphere and let a good class atmosphere infect individual children. In teaching, teachers should adhere to the concept of holistic education, reflect the value of children in the group, and let children feel the sense of honor and self-confidence from the group, so as to keep children in a positive attitude, further strengthen children's attention to teamwork and enhance the cohesion of the class as a whole.
(D) Problem-based education improves children's psychological quality.
Teachers should also pay attention to cultivating children's adaptability in teaching, which requires that the educational content must conform to the actual life of children, so that children can have a sound mind, take the problems in children's life as the starting point of education, and constantly strengthen children's cognitive ability, that is, strengthen problem-based education. Problem-based education requires teachers to have keen insight in educational tasks, discover the essence of children's behavior in time, and sum up the key points of education from children's daily behavior habits, so as to make education more targeted. Teachers should take mobilizing children's enthusiasm, initiative and independence as the main teaching goal, so that children can react quickly when facing problems. In this process, the teacher should not interfere too much and let the children play their own subjective initiative. The teacher is mainly responsible for correcting and guiding. To improve children's problem-solving ability, group discussion and scenario simulation should be the main ways to let children feel the correct response they should make in the real environment. The problem-based education model pays more attention to the implicit teaching value of problems. Only by digging out the educational significance behind the problems can education be more effective, taking the problems as a breakthrough, constantly optimizing and improving children's behavior habits, using teaching resources to build a good teaching environment, constantly improving children's psychological quality and laying a solid foundation for future growth.
(5) Strengthen children's psychological counseling education.
Psychological counseling for children includes learning counseling, personality counseling and life counseling. Psychological counseling makes children's psychological growth more in line with social reality, and at the same time, it can cultivate children's innovative consciousness and make children develop in an all-round way. There are mainly the following types of counseling: first, personality counseling, that is, teachers use their strong qualities to influence children, so that they know how to have the ability to love and feel loved, and how to get happiness from things. At the same time, they need to educate their children about the basic principles and etiquette when interacting with their peers, parents and teachers, and initially form a framework of interpersonal skills that knows how to cooperate, tolerate, assist and respect, and have judgment and sensibility for beautiful things. We can observe the behavior of ourselves and others according to the evaluation of these things, and finally include the cultivation of children's independent ability, which refers to the ability to make choices, make decisions and put them into practice independently. Second, learning guidance, learning guidance is to cultivate children's learning ability, including memory ability, understanding ability, observation ability, listening and speaking ability and so on. The goal of learning guidance is to enable children to have the initial learning ability, and this ability can continue to develop in the future, paving the way for children to study in primary schools, junior high schools, high schools or colleges and universities in the future, and to cultivate children's interest in learning, so that children can have a good learning attitude. Third, life counseling, life counseling is a more important link, because its quality directly determines children's behavior habits in daily life. Taking a healthy and active lifestyle as the counseling goal, let children know how to deal with various difficulties in life, keep an optimistic attitude in the face of life setbacks, and at the same time be able to judge whether it is good or bad, cultivate children's awareness of self-protection, and initially form a sense of responsibility for themselves and others.
Concluding remarks
Generally speaking, mental health education is the necessary work for children's growth at present, and it is also the core of kindergarten education. It sets a higher standard for teachers, who need to proceed from the reality of children, conduct comprehensive and targeted psychological education, and make contributions to the continuous development of children.
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