Academic Hall believes that the most important thing of literary papers is writing practice, and it is necessary to use writing theory to guide specific writing. By constantly improving the ability of observing, analyzing things and refining themes, the author can well reflect his ability of planning layout, expressing feelings, mastering language and writing skills. Let's learn how to write an abstract of a literary paper together.

Abstracts of literary papers are also called abstracts and executive summaries. Abstract is a short article, which describes the important contents of the document concisely and accurately, without comments or supplementary explanations. Their basic elements include research objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, they are the main objects and scope of research work, the means and methods adopted, the achievements and important conclusions. Sometimes it also includes other important information with intelligence value. Abstract should be independent, self-evident, and have the same amount of information as literature, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. Abstract should not use words, so it needs to be scrutinized word by word. The content must be complete, specific and clear. Although the English abstract is based on the Chinese abstract, it should take into account the needs of readers who can't live in reading chinese, and the substantive content can't be omitted. Therefore, in recent years, China sci-tech periodicals.

1. The structural abstract consists of four parts: purpose, method, result and conclusion.

1. Objective: To briefly point out the purpose and research scope of this work.

2. Methods: Briefly explain the basic methods of the research topic, including the research objects (grouping and the number of cases in each group, the number of control cases or animals, etc. ), materials and methods (including dosage and repetition times of drugs used, etc.). ). Special statistical methods should be paid attention to.

3. Results: Briefly list the main results (units need to be indicated), data and statistical significance (P value), and explain their values and limitations.

4. Conclusion: Briefly explain the correct viewpoint, theoretical significance or practical value and popularization prospect obtained from the research results. Chinese and English abstracts should be marked with Chinese and English titles, authors' names (at most 3) and authors' units (postal codes). English abstracts should be typed alternately for revision.

Second, the writing notes of the abstract

1, the abstract should exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field; Never write what should appear in the introduction into the abstract; Generally don't interpret and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation).

2. Don't simply repeat the information already in the topic. For example, if the title of an article is "Study on Rhizome Formation of Several Orchid Seeds in Vitro Culture in China", then don't write at the beginning of the abstract: "In order to ... study on Rhizome Formation of Several Orchid Seeds in Vitro Culture in China.

3. Rigorous structure, concise expression and precise meaning. What should be written first and then in the abstract should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Be careful with long sentences and keep them as simple as possible. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or vague words, but the abstract is a complete essay after all, and telegraph writing is not acceptable. The abstract is not segmented.

4. In the third person, it is suggested to use narrative methods such as "under study", "reporting the present situation" and "under investigation" to indicate the nature and theme of the document, instead of "this article" and "author".

5. Standardized terms should be used instead of unknown and common symbols and terms. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.

6. In addition to being really inflexible, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and there are no illustrations and tables.

7. There is no need to quote unless the document confirms or denies the published works of others.

8. Abbreviations, abbreviations and codes must be explained when they first appear, except for adjacent professional readers. Other matters that should be paid attention to when writing scientific papers, such as using legal units of measurement, using language and punctuation correctly, are also applicable to the preparation of abstracts. At present, the main problems in abstract writing are: incomplete elements, lack of purpose or lack of methods; Citation is not independent and self-evident; Simplification is not appropriate.