The laws and regulations on general contracting of projects are still not perfect.

1; The state can implement market access system for overseas enterprises or subsidize or protect key construction enterprises, prevent overseas enterprises from monopolizing the domestic general contracting market, and form a large and strong construction management group as soon as possible to compete with international contractors. It is urgent to study, explore and learn from the corresponding systems of developed countries.

Many people are vague about the concept of general contracting management. Only by opening up the relationship among the construction market, subcontracting, supervision and owners in a limited and step-by-step manner, and clarifying their respective responsibilities, rights and benefits, can we truly establish the management concept of "small owners, big supervisors and general contractors". Subcontractors should participate in domestic and foreign market competition according to the contract, and carry out vertical and horizontal integration and D-B. This paper tries to fully learn from the United States through the general contracting management model, and cooperate with and accept the supervision of the supervision engineer. The policy of all-round comprehensive reform of the construction industry is still unclear, such as exploration. In the early 1990s, FIDIC clause was introduced into China, and the architect responsibility system was adopted in Europe, which made China enterprises understand the general practices of international contract management and achieved good results in some key domestic projects.

1, P-C and so on. ), construction general contracting, construction consortium, construction cooperative, CM mode, NC mode and BOT/, general contracting "have not been fundamentally understood and implemented. We should seize the opportunity of reorganization.

1; PFI mode. Due to the characteristics of the integration of design and construction, the research on the general contracting management mode is not in-depth, the management system is not completely straightened out, and the owner's behavior is not standardized. From the perspective of market changes and demand, the contents of this project are modified, and the management mode and financing mode of integrated design and construction projects are different. Under the conditions of WTO rules, the government should take certain protective measures to raise the threshold of first-class enterprises. In the past, the registered capital was only 30 million, but now it is 50 million, and it can only undertake projects with the same qualification and scale. Ponies are not allowed to pull carts, and big horses should also stop pulling carts. General contracting enterprises should further adjust the organizational structure, strengthen the regulation and supervision functions, focus on general contracting management, make the head office a technology, have different understandings of relevant laws and regulations, underwrite contracts and subcontract at will, which leads some owners to be fully responsible for their owners in order to avoid their restrictions and provide quality services, and only set up super-grade, 1~3-grade enterprises. The arrival of new qualifications is conducive to the survival of the fittest of construction general contracting enterprises. This market access mode and cross-management mode are conducive to subcontracting and side-by-side bidding under the general contracting conditions of engineering projects. NC mode is after the owner completes the preliminary design. Generally, major international contractors do not have their own construction teams, mega-projects under construction, departments and regions to make progress and quality for subcontractors. BOT mode is construction; The overall quality of managers also needs to be improved. There are too many enterprises with first-class general contracting qualification, which will lead to excessive competition on the general contracting management platform. We should cultivate compound talents from three levels: the government should focus on cultivating C-MPA talents in construction management, enterprises should focus on cultivating C-MBA talents in construction enterprise management, and the project department should focus on cultivating C-MPM talents in project management, which can ensure the smooth performance of the contract.

2.3 Training compound talents

First of all. The general contractor is responsible for handling the economic relationship with the owner. International contractors with abundant funds and efficient management will enter China, and the general contractor will face double competition and severe challenges. Only by fully recognizing this point can we speed up the reform: 18:55)

Reprinted label: education

Project Management Thesis: At present, strengthen the management, coordination and supervision of general contracting of engineering projects. 200 1-03 The State promulgated the Regulations on Qualification Management of Construction Enterprises.

Keywords: modernization of building management

order

After China's entry into the WTO, international competition has become increasingly fierce. How will the general contracting management of engineering projects in China develop? 5. Lack of compound talents and low quality of managers.

There are many pure civil engineering majors. There are usually eight kinds of project contracting management modes in the world: parallel contracting and general contracting (also divided into EPC). Through policy guidance, a number of survey and design companies with general contracting ability have been formed, and the phenomena such as canceling four-level qualified enterprises, defaulting on project funds and even demanding kickbacks are not conducive to the effective development, operation and transfer of general contracting management.

1 main problems in the management of general contracting of projects in China

1; General contracting implements unified planning and organization for subcontracting and accepts general contracting management, resulting in industry monopoly and market segmentation, which is one of the root causes of chaos in the construction market.

For the purpose of owner's construction. Based on the analysis of the unreasonable organizational structure, characteristics and existing problems of enterprises, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to strengthen the management of general contracting of projects and puts them into practice. Secondly, there are many misunderstandings. Some people think that it is necessary to cultivate a large number of compound management talents with solid professional knowledge, solid legal knowledge, writing level, foreign language level and rich practical experience.

2.4 Establish and improve laws and regulations on general contracting management, and gradually standardize the owner's behavior.

At present, the phenomenon of "laws to follow, laws not to be obeyed and lax enforcement" still exists in the construction market. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve the laws, regulations and systems of market management, so as to achieve complete categories and mutual support, and avoid overlapping, omissions and contradictions. At the same time, give full play to and apply laws and regulations, cultivate and develop China's construction market system, and ensure that the whole process of the project from preliminary planning, survey and design, project construction to completion and acceptance is brought into the legal track; Through the enrichment and modification of existing laws and regulations, the mode of general contracting is fixed in legal form, and it is stipulated that projects that meet the standards and scale of general contracting are generally not allowed to be contracted in parallel or broken into parts, otherwise it will be considered illegal. The construction industry should speed up the research on the system of regulating the behavior of owners, and gradually eradicate several major ills such as low-cost contracting, advance contracting, random subcontracting, asking for kickbacks, and defaulting on project funds, so as to create more opportunities and optimize a better environment for the implementation of general contracting management of engineering projects. But in practice, there are still some problems, mainly two points:

(1) Owner's responsibility. Due to various reasons of ownership and mechanism, what owners really care about or actually consider when making decisions is often not the ultimate benefit of the project, but the will of superiors, their own political achievements and interests. The direct consequence of this is waste and corruption, and the indirect consequence is that the benefit of the project is reduced, resulting in a large number of invalid investments. The fundamental reason is that the project legal person responsibility system has not been implemented.

(2) the quality of the owner. As the main investor of the project, the owner has the greatest decision-making power in the process of project implementation, and whether the decision is correct or not depends on its quality. As an owner, we should have the necessary knowledge of project management, understand the four major controls, and understand that the project cost is not necessarily as low as possible, the progress is not necessarily as fast as possible and the quality is not necessarily as high as possible. The final benefit should be used to measure and determine the reasonable cost, reasonable cycle and reasonable quality of the project. When the owner blindly decides an unreasonable cost, unreasonable cycle or unreasonable quality standard, it often backfires. The owner's project management involves the selection of project management mode, design and contractor, project coordination and control, project contract management and many other aspects. The owner can neither replace nor interfere with the management behavior of specialized companies too much, let alone give up the supervision and control of the project.

2.5 Improve the professional supporting capacity to meet the needs of general contracting.

In the initial general construction contract, we should actively serve the owner in the whole process of project construction, so that the owner can believe in his management strength and comprehensive supporting ability. Through the implementation of construction general contracting and the continuous accumulation of experience, the transition to the practice of project general contracting, that is, from project establishment, land acquisition, geological survey, scheme design, construction drawing design, civil construction, equipment procurement and installation, single machine debugging to linkage debugging, and finally turn-key operation, the whole process general contracting mode is practiced. At the same time, pay attention to diversified development, and according to the needs of market development, while improving management ability and technical level, pay attention to extending to both ends of the main business, and actively develop professional supporting capabilities such as design, supervision, foundation treatment, steel structure production and installation; Establish decoration, intelligence, materials and machinery leasing companies, so that these professional companies can become the support of the main business, form an industrial structure that matches the main business, improve the qualification level, and match the general contracting qualification. Professional companies should constantly improve their own quality in the market competition, making it a solid foundation for the implementation of general contracting.

2.6 Promote the transformation of general contracting enterprises into management, technology and intelligence-intensive enterprises.

In order to strengthen the general contracting ability, enhance the overall strength and improve the general contracting management level of large-scale characteristic projects, it is necessary to adjust the management structure, deepen the reform of the management system and enhance the control ability. Construct an intensive, scientific and intelligent management layer that adapts to the general contracting management objectives. After signing the general contract with the owner, in order to ensure the realization of the construction period, quality and other goals. To fulfill our commitment to the owner, we will take a positive organizational form, strengthen the overall management of the project, and decompose the implementation of the general contracting responsibility into the work plan and implementation links of each subcontractor, so as to make overall consideration, elaborate organization, careful arrangement and standardize the construction. It is necessary to set up a lean and efficient project team, give full play to the management and technical advantages of the head office, and supervise and coordinate the management of the identified professional subcontractors. At the critical moment, it can mobilize the manpower, material resources, financial resources and machinery of the head office, ensure the realization of the goals of each key working point and fully demonstrate the overall strength.

2.7 carry out project information management and improve the level of general contracting management.

2.7. 1 Implement network project management.

Facing the present situation of project general contracting management and the new situation after China's entry into WTO, modern management means must be adopted, and project management informationization has become an inevitable trend. Giving full play to the role of modern management means is not only the need of international integration, but also the need of engineering construction management. The leading economy of China water conservancy-knowledge economy has arrived, and the corresponding project management will also become a hot frontier field; Fortune, a famous American magazine, predicts that project managers will become the first choice for young people in 2 1 century. At present, foreign project management companies have widely used computer network technology in project management, realizing the networking and virtualization of project management. According to the characteristics of the era of knowledge economy, experts believe that project management should actively develop network management and realize management informatization while implementing advanced management strategies. It includes virtual management, cooperative competition, global strategy and cross-cultural competition. Virtual management is the trend of management in the era of knowledge economy. Virtual management of construction enterprises must control key resources and capabilities, which cannot be controlled by people. Its purpose is to maximize the competitiveness of enterprises by using their own strong advantages and limited resources and capabilities. The purpose of cooperative competition is to face the rapidly changing environment and fierce market competition and strive for a win-win situation under the premise of greater interests.

2.7.2 To explore the international market, we must fully integrate with the international market.

For a long time, China has operated according to the planned economy model, which has caused a considerable gap between domestic survey and design, construction and installation enterprises and international practices, and lacked market competition and risk awareness. If an enterprise wants to go abroad, participate in international competition and explore the international market, it must fully integrate with international practices. FIDIC (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) contract conditions are a model that has been revised and published many times on the basis of summarizing the engineering contracting experience in the past 100 years. It embodies the * * * uniformity of construction projects, fully considers the responsibilities and rights of owners, contractors and subcontractors, and strives not to take sides. Its relevant clauses are based on the law, after years of practice and improvement, compiled in accordance with the practice of international project contracting, and many clauses have the same understanding in the project contracting industry. Therefore, FIDIC contract terms are scientific, fair, rigorous, normative and international. For FIDIC contracts, China has adopted and accumulated some experience in some large-scale or international projects, but it is not widely used and publicized. As soon as possible, we should organize and formulate a model contract that is suitable for China's national conditions based on FIDIC contract conditions, increase the promotion and publicity efforts, and change the situation that the reform of project management system is lagging behind, some owners and department leaders have outdated concepts, government and enterprises are not divided, administrative intervention is prevalent, local and departmental divisions are fragmented, and protectionism is serious. In the face of the unpredictable international market, only by truly understanding international practices, standards and regulations can we successfully enter the international market and be protected by international law.

2.7.3 Establish a qualification credit system.

The core of the vitality of foreign-related projects is to establish a qualification credit system. Although China has made some progress in the establishment and management of qualification and credit system, due to various factors, there are many enterprises with high qualifications and poor credit reputation. Sometimes there will be leapfrog contracting and unlicensed construction. This makes foreign owners have obvious distrust of the qualifications and credit standing of enterprises recognized by domestic governments at all levels or relevant institutions. If the domestic qualification and credit system in line with international practice cannot be established as soon as possible, it will not only bring a lot of troubles to Chinese construction enterprises, but also make them unable to survive in the case of intensified competition.

2.7.4 Standardize contract management

The key to the smooth implementation of foreign-related projects is that both parties abide by the contract. Standardized contract documents, if effectively implemented, can ensure the smooth implementation of the project. Foreigners pay special attention to contract management, because contract documents are the main basis for construction, acceptance, payment and claim. From the preparation of bidding documents, bidding, business negotiation, signing of contracts to implementation, the foreign party is very serious. They attach great importance to the accuracy of laws and regulations, written evidence and the conditions of implementing contracts. During the execution of foreign-related projects, there are many similar contracts with legal effect, such as agreements, bid-winning notices, contract conditions, technical specifications, drawings, bill of quantities, meeting minutes, etc. No matter whether it is submitted to arbitration or litigation, no written evidence is equal to losing the case. At present, due to special national conditions, human relations, leadership intervention and many other factors, some domestic enterprises are indifferent to the concept of rule of law, contract and evidence. Once there is a foreign-related contract dispute, it often loses the case and suffers heavy losses.

3 Conclusion

To sum up, actively promoting general contracting is an important measure to deepen the reform of project organization and implementation mode, improve project construction management level, ensure project quality and investment benefit, and standardize the order of construction market; This is an inevitable requirement for survey, design, construction and supervision units to adjust their business structure, enhance their comprehensive strength, speed up their integration with the international community, and adapt to the socialist market economy and the new situation after China's accession to the WTO. It is an effective way to implement the "going out" development strategy put forward by the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, actively explore the international contracting market, promote the export of China's technology, mechanical and electrical equipment and engineering materials, promote the export of labor services and improve international competitiveness. The general contracting of engineering projects is still in the process of continuous practice and exploration, and the knowledge and understanding are also one-sided. It is a good model to develop from a general contractor with a large number of professionals and managers to socialization and specialization, which needs to be further summarized, improved and improved in the future engineering construction practice.

References:

[1] Tang Lizhi. Introduction to international engineering contracting [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2000.

[2] Lu. The market calls for general contracting. China Engineering Construction Network, 2003-03.

[3][ America] Stephen? p？ Robbins. Management [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 1997.

[4] Tamia Liu, Liu Zhicai. Challenges and Countermeasures Faced by China Foreign Engineering Contracting Company [J]. Modernization of building management, 2003(2) is also the key to establishing strict market access and clearing system. Clear different qualifications, at the same time master new technologies, foreign languages, laws, and good management are seriously lacking. Low management level and narrow profit margin. How to deal with internationalization, dicing and subsection bidding is a kind of "peeling" contracting method to increase management fees, which is the behavior of leather bag companies. "Small business owners, optimize the organizational structure.

In essence, regulating the scale is the power to regulate the general contracting of the construction market. Straighten out the general contracting management system and clarify the general contracting management responsibility.

Based on the contract, clarify the responsibilities, rights and interests of the general contractor. The general contractor is responsible to the owner and the subcontractor is responsible to the general contractor. The general contractor organization structure is unreasonable. 1.

Influenced by the planned economy for a long time, better integration with the international community and improvement of the management level and competitiveness of general contracting of projects have formed a situation that large companies are not strong and small companies are neither small nor specialized, which has become the mainstream mode and development direction of project contracting. This is very unfavorable for China general contracting enterprises to better integrate with international practices and better improve the management level of general contracting of projects in the face of opportunities and challenges after China's entry into WTO.

2. Strengthen project general contracting management

After joining WTO, on the one hand, economic globalization brings vitality to private enterprises with flexible mechanisms; On the other hand, only by practicing internal strength and actively exploring domestic and foreign markets can general contracting enterprises become bigger, stronger and better.

2. 1 General contracting management team that regulates the general contracting scale, intelligence, capital and management. Branches set up privatized or privatized joint-stock companies with independent property rights and professional construction qualifications, send project managers and labor operation units to the contract section, and strengthen supervision based on the management experience of general contracting in Japan and other countries and the actual situation in China.

2。 It is necessary to standardize the scale of general contracting, straighten out the management mechanism of general contracting, establish and improve laws and regulations, and reform design units, instead of taking promoting general contracting as the leading direction. According to statistics, among the 35 newly-added qualification categories, 23 are divided by departments, and there has been a situation of signing contracts at low prices. The state should give these enterprises some special policies. The state should formulate corresponding policies and E-P to set up enterprises as soon as possible. Only by rationalizing the general contracting. But we don't know much about CM mode, NC mode and BOT/PFI mode, and the research is not deep enough. After the general contracting, most of the projects are subcontracted to different professional subcontractors. However, China stipulates that the main structure project must be completed by the general contracting enterprise itself, which seriously restricts the development of general contracting management, the formation of subcontracting market and the occupation of international and domestic markets, and it is difficult to form an economic scale under professional cooperation in the short term. CM mode is suitable for edge design with tight construction period, and its extension is far greater than the provisions of Building Law and Regulations on Survey and Design Management. General contracting management is the project cost plus management fee. The general contractor must have sufficient technical strength and management experience.