Jiapingao

Different mountains and rivers, different customs, different customs, different plays; People in the world have different looks and different styles of play; There are dozens of categories such as Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, Vietnam, Huangmei, Huang Er, and Sichuan Gaoqiang; Or ask: Who is the person with the longest history, the heaviest civil and military skills and the most enterprising spirit? Yue: Yes. Just as the advantages and disadvantages are highlighted, you can see its style. When you treat Shaanxi opera, the lover loves it to death, and the evil one is terrible. Outsiders-especially those who boast about the beauty of the Yangtze River basin-are most afraid of the shock of Shaanxi opera; Comments are euphemistic: singing vigorously; To put it bluntly: make a hullabaloo about As a result, there are weak women who often plug their ears with velvet under the stage, or teach someone a lesson on weekdays: If you don't do anything, I'll let you watch Shaanxi Opera tonight! Shaanxi opera has become synonymous with punishment. Therefore, other operas can move around the provinces, but like the Qin people, Shaanxi opera never leaves its nest; The serious local concept also makes it inseparable from the old nest: some markets that may not be in harmony in several places in the northwest will never rush out of Tongguan in the southeast.

However, for hundreds of years, Qin opera has not been eliminated, but has been sinking, which makes many people puzzled. The solution is there, in this land of Shaanxi. If a southerner goes north by car, crosses the Yellow River and enters the west bank, the land of Qinchuan in 800 miles turns out to be: a yellow-brown plain; On the vast horizon, a wooden rafter adobe house with a width of more than one foot looks awkward and solemn; Poplar, Azadirachta indica, Amorpha fruticosa, branches as thick as barrels, leaves as small as copper coins, flying up and down in the wind ... you will soon understand that the regional structure here is very harmonious with the melody of Shaanxi opera! Let's get in touch with Qin people again. A group of lifelike terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang are back: tall, with thick eyebrows, slightly open eyes and thick hands, and the upper body is slightly better than the lower body. When they are carrying heavy triangular plows, rushing the combination of Qinchuan cattle like a mountain bag, and carrying Yaozhou porcelain bowls the size of a human head, you can't help but change your world view: Ah, what an empty and real land, how "stupefied" people are digging and rolling on this land. Sunset in the burning evening, sunset in the horizon, painful pregnancy, five miles, one village and one town, intertwined and collided with each other. This Shaanxi opera turned out to be the natural sound of Qinchuan, which sounds like a * * * sound! Here, don't you gradually feel the boneless beauty of Southern Opera? Don't you deeply understand why the formation and existence of Shaanxi opera occupy the position of time and space?

Qinchuan in 800 Li, with Xi 'an as the boundary, Xianyang, Xingping, Wugong, Zhouzhi, Fengxiang, Changwu, Qishan and Baoji, and dozens of counties in the two special zones are Xifu; Sanyuan, Jingyang, Gaoling, Huxian, Heyang, Dali, Hancheng and Baishui, a dozen counties in a special area are Dongfu. Shaanxi opera originated from Xifu. In Xifu, the people are simple, their voices are mostly silent and their words are heavy. Conversations are like quarrels. They are sad and sigh. It is even more special to shout to people far away: the first one dragged on for twelve minutes, and the last one spoke the content very quickly. With the development of phonology, anyone who can shout from a distance has the talent to sing Qin opera. The older generation can sing, the younger generation can sing, men can sing and women can sing; Singing Shaanxi opera has become the most decent thing to do. Any rural men and women can only get ahead by singing Shaanxi opera. Most promising people are talented people. Who hasn't been on stage? At least they can't shout for a while!

Farmers are the most industrious people in the world, especially on this plain. When they were alive, they fell grass on the loess kang, and when they died, they were buried under the loess pile. Shaanxi opera is the joy of their great sufferings. When the old cow plowed a knot in one's heart in the field and was exhausted, she stood in the furrow and shouted for a period of Qin opera, and all the fatigue of her heart, chest and joints was washed away. Like xifeng liquor, Jiujiao, Dayeyan and Tangbao, Shaanxi Opera will become the five elements of life. If you talk to older farmers, the five elements are the first to imagine a great and productive life. They have plenty of food, but they lack superb artistic enjoyment. They educate their children, which those literary giants would not say. When they were young, they didn't tell the touching fairy tales told by their grandmother, but taught Qin opera word by word. Most of them can't read, but they are surprisingly able to recite the scripts one by one, although it is often awkward to spit out words from their beards. With Shaanxi opera, life will become interesting and happy. Singing "Allegro" will be as happy as being blown up by high explosives, and the whole body and mind will be shattered in the sky! Pain, singing "Adagio", that worrying song has shown how beautiful it is. Beauty gives others enjoyment, and beauty also irones out wrinkles in their hearts. When they are singing in the harvest time on the soil and in the manor in the middle of the moon, the unimaginable ecstasy, excitement and grandeur are so small, limited and powerless compared with those literati who are committed to poetry and those urbanites who always feel full of food and clothing.

I once walked in Xifu for two autumn and winter. Everywhere I go, every village has a troupe, and everyone can sing. At dawn or dusk, I went to the field alone, looking at the tombs of the thirteen emperors that sprang up like a mountain under the awning, carefully identifying the residual words on the stone tablets of Han and Tang dynasties in the soil and weeds of the ridge, a long erhu sound floated out of the window of the high earthen house, and several magnificent Qin operas challenged me. I was demented and suddenly found a warm current in my heart.

Every slack night, the village often hears several gongs: the rehearsal of the troupe has begun. The actors assembled and went to the ancient temple. Blow, pull, hit, hit, flip, hit, read, sing, lift robe sleeves, blow, stare, and the ancient temple has become a real paradise in ancient and modern times, a big pear garden in heaven and earth. The director is an actor of the older generation who enjoys absolute authority. There are a certain number of actors, husband and wife are on the same stage, father and son are on the same stage, and father-in-law and daughter-in-law are also on the same stage. According to the custom of Qinchuan, father and son can't have their own order, but grandpa and grandson can't help it. Brother and sister-in-law can have fun and impermanence, and brother and sister-in-law can't talk much without business. But once on stage, everyone is equal in front of the Qin opera, and my brother can worship my sister-in-law as a handsome general, and my son can tie the rope of my old father. There are windows and no fans in the temple, and there are spider webs on the roof beams. In summer, mosquitoes fly around in droves, mosquito grass burns in the corner, singing and coughing. In winter, it is windy all around, and the willow stands in the middle of a knot in one's fire. When I came out, I looked serious. When I came out, I was close to the fire, and it was hot before and cool after. As soon as the rehearsal was over, there were audiences, including old people carrying two-foot-long tobacco bags and children with high stools and tables on the windowsill. Before a somersault in the temple was finished, there was a chord outside the window, and the actor came out and scolded: Who said bad fuck off! They cling to the windowsill and refuse to roll away, but they want to please each other again and again: good turn! Good turn! Even more diligent, he ran back to steal sweet potatoes and cooked them in the fire for the actors to have dinner, earning a stable position in the house. Rehearse until midnight when the cock crows, the moon sets, the actors disperse, and the children bend over and kick around the fire, learning that trick and that style.

A play was arranged, and a person came out. The whole village was very excited and looked forward to the date of the performance. Twelve months a year, the Lantern Festival in the first month, the dragon heads up in February, the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on March 3rd, April 4th and May 5th, the sun shines on June 6th, the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, the ninth day of September, the first day of October, and then there is a festival every month, which will be held for a period of time in March. The stage is the common cause of the whole village. I would rather eat less and wear less, but also raise money, buy good wood and stones, and invite highly skilled craftsmen to build them. Whether the village is rich or not is wider than this stage. As soon as the performance was over, people went to find a stool to occupy the middle position in the afternoon. Before the play started, everyone sitting and standing under the stage squeezed their heads, and a group of urchins lay on the steps on both sides of the stage. The gongs and drums are sonorous, and it seems that the whole world will be turned upside down. All kinds of snacks were put out. A food stall sold a lantern, peanuts, melon seeds, candy, cigarettes, camellia oleifera, twist, roast chicken and pancakes. The gongs and drums are still beating, but the curtain just won't pull. Occasionally, an actor looked down from the curtain and shouted, Let's go, the venue is full! The curtain was put down, and he only said that he would go out, but he kept tinkling. The audience was in chaos. The back told the front to sit down, and the front told the back why not say the front stood. Shouting the names of relatives and friends outside and asking if there is a place to sit, the shrill voice in the venue responded quickly; People who want pancakes call acquaintances to buy one. When an acquaintance bought one, he stood outside the courtyard and raised his hand, throwing a word "day" at his head, and the goal was just right. The one on the left called the one on the right to step on his feet, and the one on the right called the one on the left to squeeze his waist. One said, the year of the dog is coming. What are you calling? One said, "Before the Year of the Pig, you arched!" ! Words hurt people and move their hands and feet; Take in from outside, squeeze in from all sides, carry out from inside, and people's vortex is surging, like the wind in the wheat field in April, motionless, heading west for a while, shouting, cursing and crying for a while; Some people try to squeeze out. When I came out, I felt that the world was very big, and my body was fat and swollen, but I was almost barefoot and messy. The curtain was lifted again, and the head of the troupe stood up and kept order loudly; Immediately jump out of a two so-called "two qianzi" characters. Most of these characters are simple-minded and well-developed, but they are extremely loyal to Qin opera. At this time, they took branches and fought with the devils in crowded places. Everyone hates to scold these people, and everyone wants to have them. They are called the military police of Shaanxi opera, and the military police are more and more loyal to their duties. Although they are not allowed to go to the theatre all night, they are satisfied all night. They are satisfied all night.

Finally, the gongs and drums stopped on the stage, the curtain opened and the role appeared. However, whether a man or a woman comes out and doesn't face the audience, she hides her face, and the woman retreats as if she were floating on the water. The audience shouted: Look at that waist, that shoulder, the whole play is male. Shake the hat feather, shake it for a while, shake it for a while, fly up and down, stand still, and the audience shouted: absolutely! When the character suddenly turns around, holds his head high and shouts loudly, the sound hits people's heads like thunder. The whole audience shivered, from head to toe, every fingertip and every hair tip was numb and crisp. If it was "saving Pei Sheng", Hui Niang stood in Taichung and squatted down. Slowly, slowly, Huiniang squatted down, and her head under the stage was half a foot shorter. When Huiniang stood up, slowly, slowly, Huiniang stood up, and the necks of the people in the audience were stretched. They don't like watching unfamiliar plays, but familiar ones are most welcome. They all know that any actor who sings well will shake his head and sing along. Any actor who is out of tune will be corrected by the audience. To put it bluntly, watching Shaanxi opera is not for novelty, they just want to have fun.

In such a place, such an environment, such an atmosphere, in the face of such an audience, Shaanxi Opera is the most bluffing, and its artistic enjoyment exists by crowding and is obtained by strength. If it is winter, the wind blows like a knife. If it's summer, it's as hot as a steamer, but as long as it's not heavy snow, hail and rainstorm, people under the stage won't leave. The most precious thing is the opera fans of the older generation of Shaanxi opera. They didn't have the strength to squeeze into the audience, and they didn't have a good eye to see the actors. Instead, they squatted on the walls on both sides of the stage, smoking grass and slowly enjoying their songs. A challenge can make them fall into the palace of art. "After listening to the Shaanxi opera, the meat is fragrant and the wine is fragrant." They know best. Those older children, with wild temperament, occupy all the high altitudes around the theater. On poplar, willow and locust trees, every branch is lonely. They often forget the danger when they are happy, and fall off the branches as soon as they clap their hands. It doesn't hurt when they fall, because there are countless heads under the tree, which just attracts a scolding. Some even climbed to the wheat straw beside the field. It is windy in all directions in summer, so it is very cool. In winter, they lie in a grass hole, retract their bodies and show their heads. It is precisely because the leisure class can't appreciate Shaanxi opera that they often doze off. When they woke up, the moon had set and the play was over, so they had to sneak down quietly and knock on the door with a wry smile.

Of course, a Shaanxi opera performance is the appearance of actors and the examination room where actors are commented by villagers. Every time a character comes out, the audience is abuzz: whose son, whose woman, whose daughter-in-law, and where is her mother's family? In this way, whoever has ambition and who has no ability will have a conclusion at once. Many people from other villages come to propose marriage and match-making, which is always at this time. It's about a matchmaker leading a woman to the stage, and an actor on the stage is dating, boasting in advance how handsome and capable the man is, but in the middle of the performance, the man hasn't appeared yet and finally came out. He is a puppet army of the Kuomintang and has not yet reached the middle stage with a gun. The actor who played the guerrilla captain waved his gun, and with a beep, the puppet troops fell to the ground dead and climbed into Hou Lian. The woman snorted and shut up, and a marriage came naturally. This is a mixed example. It is said that there is another case in which an old man put his grandson around his neck to go to the theatre, and his grandson clamored to go home. The old man just couldn't bear to go half the time, so he bought half a catty of peanuts. He stared at the stage, peeled peanuts with his hands, and then fed them to Sun Sun's mouth one by one, but after feeding, he stuffed one into Sun Sun's nostrils, unable to spit it out and swallow it, and sent it to the hospital for surgery overnight. However, there are countless things that attract happiness with Shaanxi Opera. In every village, there is always an old man who goes to the theatre at night and must be the first to get up and run to the stage the next day. Under the stage, there is a stone, a brick, piles of melon seeds, candy paper and cigarette butts. When he lifts a stone and kicks the pile of dust, he must pick up a dime, a shoe or a handkerchief. This is a unruly matter in the village, while some greedy children take the opportunity of locking the door at night to pick cantaloupes in the fields and go to other people's yards to put peaches and apricots in vest pockets and come back for dividends. Naturally, there are also young boys and girls who often wink at the audience in the chaos, or quietly quit and snuggle up in the dark Woods next to the canal. ...

In this land, Shaanxi Opera has a sacred and unshakable foundation. Whenever you go to these villages and visit these people, their highest reception is to accompany you to watch a Shaanxi opera. It's really not a holiday, so they will sing for a while as a family. You can only nod and say yes, but you can't laugh at it, or even show a little ecstasy. There are only two kinds of people they admire most in their life: one is the national leader, and the other is the local famous drama Shaanxi Opera. In other words, these celebrities are not present anywhere. As long as you find the parents of celebrities, you don't have to queue up in the store to buy oil. There will be seats in the restaurant, that is, if you stop halfway, just shout: What am I, and the driver will have to stop screaming. But whoever wants to insult Shaanxi opera will fight with you to the death or even fight, so that you can always remember the lesson. Every wedding, funeral and wedding in the village, we must pack a Shaanxi opera. Children greet with Shaanxi opera, and funerals mourn with Shaanxi opera. It seems that this world of life is the stage of Shaanxi Opera. As long as people are born on the stage, clean and ugly, they will show their truth, and evil will exaggerate their ugliness. Kindness will highlight its beauty, and goodness will make them get a good education. Evil can also turn ugliness into ugliness.

Eight hundred miles of Qinchuan, only this Shaanxi opera, can only have this Shaanxi opera. The working peasants in Qinchuan, 800 miles away, can only have this Shaanxi opera to make them mixed. Qin people have suffered a lot and enjoyed a lot of fun since ancient times. Can their hometown symphony have anything other than screaming Shaanxi opera?

1983 Caoyu Wuxu Village May 2