Basic Theory and Engineering Practice of Deep Mining systematically summarizes the achievements of "innovative groups" in the basic theory and application of deep resource mining, deep geological structure exploration, rock mechanics theory and soft rock engineering support technology in recent years, including special comments and research papers. In this paper, the related problems of deep resource exploitation are summarized, especially a lot of field research work is carried out in combination with the deep mining problems of coal mines in China, and the basic mechanical properties, failure characteristics and failure mechanism of rocks under the action of high temperature, high pressure and high osmotic pressure, as well as the movement law of deep strata are systematically summarized, and some deep mining engineering examples are involved.