Metaphysics: Metaphysics, Metaphysics, Philosophy, Metaphysics, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Zhouyi, Divination, Fortune-telling, Feng Shui, and Metaphysics are also called Metaphysics. The original meaning refers to the research and interpretation of Laozi, Zhuangzi and Zhouyi. Originated in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the connotation of metaphysics has expanded, including traditional astrology, divination, fortune-telling, geomantic omen, choosing a date, famous learning and so on. These are all derived from Taoism and the theory of Yin and Yang, which are part of China traditional culture and closely related to people's daily life, so they are enduring in China society.
Chaos In science, if the evolution of a system is very sensitive to the initial state, people call it a chaotic system. A new discipline to study chaotic motion is called chaos. Chaos research shows that the strange phenomenon of chaotic motion is caused by nonlinear factors in the system.
1972, 1972 On February 29th, 2002, E.N. Lorenz, a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and one of the founders of Chaos, published a paper entitled "Butterfly Effect" at the139th meeting of the American Association for the Development of Science, and put forward a seemingly absurd conclusion: a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can fly in Texas, USA. Today, this argument is still talked about by people, and more importantly, it has aroused people's strong interest in chaos. With the rapid progress of computer technology, chaos has developed into a far-reaching and rapidly developing frontier science.
Generally speaking, if a model that is close to reality and has no inherent randomness still has seemingly random behavior, it can be said that this realistic physical system is chaotic. A time-varying system with certainty or weak randomness is called a dynamic system, and its state can be determined by one or several variables. However, in some dynamic systems, two almost identical states will become inconsistent after a long time, just like randomly selecting two states from a long sequence. It is said that this system is sensitive to initial conditions. Sensitive dependence on initial conditions can also be defined as chaos.
Different from the linear science we usually study, chaos studies a kind of nonlinear science, and the research of nonlinear science always seems to turn people's understanding of "normal" things into the exploration of "abnormal" things. For example, solitary waves are not regular propagation of periodic oscillations; The "unconventional" new method adopted by "multimedia" technology produces a large number of "unconventional" phenomena in the process of information storage, compression, dissemination, conversion and control; Chaos breaks the "convention" that deterministic equations strictly determine the future motion of the system from initial conditions, and various so-called "strange attractors" appear.
Chaos comes from nonlinear dynamic system, which describes any process that changes with time. This kind of system comes from all aspects of life. For example, ecologists are interested in the long-term behavior of a species and give some observed or experimental variables (such as the number of predators, the severity of climate, the availability of food, etc.). ), establish a mathematical model to describe the increase and decrease of population. If Pn is used to represent the percentage of the limit number of this species after N generations, then the famous "Rodgersti map": Pn+ 1=kP( 1-Pn(k is a constant depending on ecological conditions) can be used to predict the long-term behavior of population under the given conditions of Po and K. If the constant K is regarded as a variable parameter K, when the value of K increases to The most common meteorological model is an example of a huge dynamic system: temperature, air pressure, wind direction, speed and rainfall are all time-varying variables in this system. Professor E.N.Lorenz published the article "Decisive Non-periodic Flow" in Atmospheric Science 1963, expounding that there must be a connection between the inability of climate to repeat accurately and the inability of long-term weather forecasters, that is, the relationship between non-periodicity and unpredictability. When Lorenz used his differential equation to simulate climate change on the computer, he unexpectedly found that small differences in input initial conditions could cause great changes in the simulation results. Lorenz made an analogy, that is, the tiny airflow generated by the accidental flapping of a butterfly wing in Brazil in the southern hemisphere may become a tornado sweeping Texas in the northern hemisphere in a few weeks, which is the "butterfly effect" of the weather.
Another important feature of chaos is that he devotes himself to studying the changes of stereotypes, rather than the quantification that we are familiar with every day. This is determined by the purpose of its establishment-to solve the complex system in which multiple factors replace the leading factors that cause changes. Its basic idea is cumulative effect and degree, that is, things are always in equilibrium. Like philosophy, it is the most widely used science.
Chaos is not an accidental or individual event, but exists in various macro and micro systems of the universe. Everything is a mess. Chaos is not an independent science, but it promotes and depends on other sciences, from which many interdisciplinary subjects are derived, such as chaotic meteorology, chaotic economics, chaotic mathematics and so on. Chaos not only has important research value, but also has practical application value, which can directly or indirectly create wealth.