Pujia woke up from her dream and heard the baby crying. It turned out that his third son was born. "Lying on the sofa with the baby in her arms, the moon leans on the south wing." In the bright moonlight, Baochai was surprised to find a blue mole on the newborn's chest, which was exactly the same size and position as the plaster on the sick monk's chest he had seen in his dream. The Sick Monk Room is Pu Songling's description of his birth at the age of 40. Ancient writers like to cast a magical color on their birth. Li Bai was born when his mother dreamed of Venus, and Pu Songling was born when his father dreamed of a sick monk entering the room. He also explained: I am so depressed and miserable, probably because I was an ascetic in my last life.
The reincarnation of an ascetic monk is a fatalistic story made up by Pu Songling in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. His life is really bitter, and it can be said that three hardships coexist: life is poor; Losing the imperial examination is very painful; It is difficult to create a strange story from a lonely studio. His sufferings are related to the sufferings of the country and the difficulties of the nation. Pu Songling, a world-class writer with the characters of "immortal" and "swordsman", is called "Mr. Liaozhai" in Liu Quan and has always been a member of the lower class.
The poverty of life
Pu Songling's father Pu Liang was originally a scholar. Because of repeated failures in exams, he abandoned Confucianism and went into business, and his family was well-off. In his youth, Pu Songling studied with peace of mind under his father's wing, and formed a "poetry club" with his friends Zhang, Wang, boating on the river, visiting Daming Lake and learning Qingyun Temple. But it didn't last long. At the age of 25, he separated. Pu Songling's two brothers are both scholars, but his two sisters-in-law are bitches, and they make trouble all day for trivial things. Pu Songling was able to write so many wonderful shrew images later because he was exposed to his daily life. It's really outrageous at home. Pu Songling's father said, "Is this a good place to live?" Had to separate the four sons. It's unfair to share the family. All the good houses are shared with my brother. Pu Songling has 20 acres of thin land and three old farmhouses, which are so broken that there is no door. Pu Songling borrowed a door panel from his cousin and moved in with his wife and son. Give him 240 Jin of grain, only enough for a family to stutter for three months.
In order to support his family, Pu Songling began his career as a private school teacher for 45 years. Private school teachers are the way for those scholars who can't get fame to make a living, but life under the fence is very bitter. The teacher and Wei Gui in Pu Songling's Noisy Pavilion promised to the employer: Although I came to teach, I carried my children in the wind and rain, and after I was released, I picked the soil to pad the pigsty. When the guests came, I cleared the table and lit the plate. Almost an omnipotent servant. Of course, this is a bit exaggerated, but the life of teachers in rural private schools with low status is really difficult and the treatment is not high. Eight taels of silver a year is not bad. The minimum living standard for a farmer is 20 Liang, which was calculated by Grandma Liu in a Dream of Red Mansions.
When Pu Songling was in his thirties, four children were born one after another, his father died and his mother was in the hospital. He has reached the point where "the family is full of poor women", and sometimes he has to make a living by selling articles and earning a few dollars by writing other people's articles, such as writing marriage books and eulogies. The reward is just a bucket of rice, or a chicken and two bottles of low-grade wine. What worries Pu Songling most is how.
Pay taxes on time and don't let the tax collectors come to your door. At that time, in order to urge taxes, officials engaged in the so-called "rip-off", that is, dragging taxpayers to court to beat the board and sometimes killing them. In order to pay taxes, Pu Songling had to sell the grain stored at the bottom of the jar, the cloth woven by his wife, and even the cattle. He complained about the land: why don't the ears of grain grow silver directly? Pu Songling wrote about his poverty many times. There is a poem saying that he saw herring on the market and wanted to eat it, but he had no money and had to "forget to chew". Black herring is cheap and belongs to ordinary people, but Pu Songling can't afford it. His "Japanese bento" wrote that the whole family had no dry food to eat and cooked a pot of porridge. Several sons grabbed it, and the eldest son grabbed the spoon first and fished it up at the bottom of the pot. The second son shouted with a bowl and grabbed with his brother; My son just learned to walk and rummaged over pots and pans like a hungry eagle; The little daughter stood by and looked at her father piteously. Pu Songling's poem "Jia Yin Ci Artificial", which reads "Money in hand is like burning hair", has all dried up. On New Year's Eve, there is no meat at all. He begged Kitchen God not to speak ill of him in the sky, because he had no rich sacrifices to God. He said humorously: if the kitchen god can't see the past, please ask the kitchen god to give ten thousand and two thousand gold, so that the whole family can live brilliantly and offer rich sacrifices to the gods. Isn't it cheaper? His "Sacrifice to the Poor God of the Sun" said: "Poor God, poor God, what have I to do with you? You didn't look for the bustling door, but you entered mine ..... I am your personal servant, the general of the guard, and I should take a vacation to show my kindness. " Why do you follow me step by step, never leaving, sticking together like lovers in love? "
In ancient masterpieces, Pu Songling's civilian characteristics are very prominent. Poverty made him share the same fate as the lower class, and he had a deep understanding of the darkness of bureaucracy.
"Poverty leads to success." . In the spring of the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), when Pu Songling was 40 years old, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio was finalized, and Pu Songling wrote a story about the creative process.
When Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio was first published, Pu Songling went to Wangcun Xidian to sit in the library and set up an account in Chuolantang. Bi's master is Pu Songling, who is honored as "the secretariat of history", and some Bi's fathers are the ministers of the Ming Dynasty, also known as "the ministers of Bai Yang", who are known as "three generations with one product, four scholars with the same dynasty". Gaby Jia is like a cloud. There is a special "Yizhenge" for Shangshu's adults to hang their official uniforms, a "Wanjuan Building" with rich books, and a Yin Shi Garden with three acres of flowers and trees. Bi Ji You has contacts and relatives with local dignitaries and aristocratic families. In addition to teaching, Pu Songling also entertained guests and wrote letters on behalf of Bi Ji, but the host and guest were harmonious and well paid. With the growth of his sons, Pu Songling basically got rid of poverty. Biji's sons Bi Weizhong are like Pu Songling's brothers. After Biji's death, Bi Weizhong repeatedly retained Pu Songling. Pu Songling stayed in Bi's home for 30 years and didn't go home until he was 70.
The pain of losing the imperial examination
Pu Songling failed in the imperial examination all his life, just starting from the success of a teenager. In the 15th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1658), Pu Songling, aged 19, took part in the imperial examination, ranking first in the examinations of county, prefecture and Taoism, and became a scholar. Pu Songling was accepted as an apprentice by the great Shandong poet Shi. In the early Qing Dynasty, the poetry circle was called "Southern Stone and Northern Song Dynasty", which refers to Anhui Stone and Shandong Stone. The first artistic problem of stone on the same channel is "flea rising" The word "fleas rise" comes from Mencius, "Qi people have wives and concubines". There are strict requirements for the form of imperial examination eight-part essay, such as how many words to write and which paragraphs to divide. More importantly, the content should ponder the tone of the sages and speak for them. Since the topic is "the rise of fleas", as the name implies, we should imitate Mencius' tone, explain the original intention of Mencius' article "Qi people have wives and concubines", and explain the truth of governing the country by self-cultivation. Pu Songling wrote an article that is both a sketch and a novel. At the beginning of the article, I wrote a paragraph, which was written in classical Chinese and said in vernacular Chinese: "I have observed those who pursue wealth." Gentlemen seek fame and gain, while villains seek money. Some people are not rich themselves but can't wait in front of the rich, lest it be too late. "As for lying down with nothing to do, it is either a lofty person or a woman in a boudoir." This passage is not like an eight-part essay, but a short essay describing human feelings. Next, Pu Songling went further and simply made it up. He wrote about how a woman in Qi tossed and turned at night, thinking about following her husband and thinking, "I'm up." When the wife decided to follow her husband, she said to her concubine, "Shut the door, I'm leaving." How can you meet the requirements of eight-part essay if you have the psychology of characters and the monologue of characters, much like novels? However, what Pu Songling met was the great writer Shi and the great talent Shi. Shi appreciates Pu Songling's vivid description of the world. He added a comment that Pu Songling "exposed a temporary wealth and ugliness above the word (flea)" and wrote a comment: "Reading is like the moon, writing is like the wind." With a stroke of a pen, Pu Songling is the first scholar in Shandong.
Pu Songling, who was the first in the three trials, gained a great reputation and embarked on the road of seeking officials ambitiously. However, he took part in four consecutive provincial examinations (Juren Examination), all of which failed in Sun Shan. In the final analysis, Shi's evaluation of Pu Songling is actually misleading. Pu Songling wrote stereotyped writing by writing essays and novels. Although Shi appreciates it, other examiners will not admit it. They all take the eight-part essay as a stepping stone to fame. They can only write and appreciate this kind of article. It can be said that Pu Songling deviated from the track when he took the imperial examination for the first time.
When Pu Songling was 3 1 year-old, he went to Baoying County, Jiangsu Province to be a guest of the magistrate Sun Hui. A receptionist is a secretary who writes official documents and letters. Sun Hui's home is close to Pujiazhuang, and Pu Songling is quite famous after three attempts. Sun Hui invited him. The southern tour is the only time in Pu Songling's life to roam the officialdom. He observed all aspects of officialdom and strengthened his determination to enter officialdom. Sun Hui once asked him, who do you want to imitate in ancient times? He replied, "His name is Lin Ting, and his style is as elegant as that of Guo Fenyang." One day, my name will spread to Lingyange, and I will look like Guo Ziyi, the king of Fenyang.
Sounds funny. It was the secretary of the county magistrate who asked me to handle the manuscript, but he said that he would be a much bigger official than Guo Ziyi in the future! In fact, it is not difficult to understand why Pu Songling did not want to be promoted and made a fortune, but also took the imperial examination.
Pu Songling has been a scholar for more than half a century. The scholar is the least famous, but he is the hardest, and he has to take exams. The term of office of learning Taoism in each province is three years. As soon as you learn the Tao, you will hold a scholar exam first, which is called the "year-old exam". The annual examination determines the rank of scholar. If you don't do well in the exam, you will be demoted. Only when you win the first place can you be qualified to be a student. The so-called "Lin Sheng" is a scholar who enjoys the allowance of the imperial court. There is a quota for students. Even if they take the first grade exam at the age of 20, they have to have a vacancy to "make up". "Scientific research" is carried out in the annual examination of the second year, and the results are divided into six grades. Before the exam, you can take the township exam and drop five or six grades. Once every three years, after having obtained the rural examination, provinces with high taxes can admit about 100 juren. How many times did Pu Songling take the township test? According to relevant information, about ten times. In other words, in order to win the reputation of "a gentleman", Pu Songling spent no less than 30 years repeatedly participating in annual examination, scientific research and after having obtained the provincial examination. It's terrible. It's terrible. We are clear to outsiders now, but Pu Songling is fascinated by the authorities. Because the imperial examination system is the only way for lower intellectuals to change their lives. Pu Songling always hoped that one day, the Golden Temple would take measures to worship the ancestors. He practiced repeatedly and racked his brains to write eight-part essays. There are many such articles in Pu Songling Collection handed down from ancient times. When he was in his forties, Pu Songling's eight-part essay was very different from the one that Shi liked. However, he still failed the exam. On the one hand, the imperial examination was corrupt, and money and power played an increasingly important role. On the other hand, Pu Songling is unlucky. From his words, we can see the specific situation of his failure in the rural examination.
In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi, 48-year-old Pu Songling took the exam and got the exam questions. He feels very confident and writes quickly. Looking back, the sky collapsed! It turned out that he "crossed the line" and violated the writing rules. The imperial examination has strict writing standards. Each page contains 12 lines, and each line contains 25 words, which must be continued according to the page number 1, 2, 3. Pu Songling's pen is like a god. After writing the first page, he quickly turned over, even turned over the second page and wrote directly to the third page. After a picture, this is called "reading a film". Reading a film should not only be disqualified, but also published. This is a very frustrating and embarrassing thing. Pu Songling wrote his first poem "Great Joy" to describe Yue Yue's mood: "I am proud of my illness, but I made a big mistake. What should I do in this situation? " "I feel that there are thousands of cold sweats dripping on my clothes, and a wisp of soul flies out of the house, feeling no pain. Seeing the elders in Jiangdong, he was sad and ashamed.
Although Pu Songling was tortured like a madman after having obtained the provincial examination, he still refused to give up and prepared for the next provincial examination, and wrote down these plans:
"It is planned to add righteousness to support the elderly. Those who are over 70 or 80 years old in the world will be given different items such as millet and silk, and the ministers will thank the table";
"It is planned to issue the Nuo Palace in the world with the word" model for all generations ",and it will still be inscribed on the halls, imperial books and stone tablets, and the ministers will be ordered to set up Qufu and thank the ministers for their watches";
In the 29th year of Kangxi, Pu Songling took the provincial examination at the age of 5 1 and finished the first subject, so he was named the first. However, he failed to finish the second exam due to illness. Sun Shan again! In his poem "Drunk Taiping", he wrote "stubborn veteran, failed in depression, and endured it all his life" and "held the baby upside down", just like a woman with parenting experience put the baby in its infancy. Pu Songling, who is over half a century old, still refuses to give up. His wife, Liu, was more enlightened than him and advised him not to take the exam again. If you have a career in your life, you have already entered the phase. The mountain forest has its own paradise, so why should we listen to the voice on the board urging the people to pay taxes? Although Pu Songling felt that his wife was right, she was still unwilling. At the age of 63, he wrote "three years later, three years later, expecting nothing" in "Sending Purple Courtyard", indicating that he failed again after obtaining the provincial examination. After his career hopes were dashed, he pinned his hopes on his children and grandchildren. It's a pity that his descendants can't have a successful career. What is even more incredible is that none of the students he teaches have official careers.
Pu Songling thinks that he is more than enough to be a scholar, but he lacks the link of juren, and he always fails the juren exam. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio reflects a strong "Juren" complex. Wang Zian adds seven vivid and wonderful metaphors to the scholar's examiner: "A scholar has seven similarities: when he was a beginner, he carried a basket barefoot, like a beggar. When the roll call was made, the official scolded him like a prisoner. It belongs to the house. As soon as the hole is stretched out, the house is exposed, like a cold bee in late autumn. He came out of the ground with a sad face, and the world was different, like a sick bird. Looking forward to the report is also surprised, and the dream is also illusory. When you have a dream, you will become a castle in an instant; If you lose your mind, your bones will rot in an instant. When you are in trouble, you seem embarrassed. Suddenly flew to future generations and reported that there was no me. At this moment, my look suddenly changed. If I die, I will be like a fly poisoned by bait. When I first lost my ambition, I was disheartened. I scolded Si Heng for having no vision and writing without spirit, and I was bound to burn the table. The torch is endless, but it is broken; Step on it and throw it into the turbid water. From then on, I entered the mountain and faced the stone wall. Anyone who entered me with the words "Chef" and "Taste" would be driven away. Nothing, the distance is getting farther and farther, the gas is getting flatter and flatter, and the skills are getting itchy; It's like a pigeon breaking an egg, so I have to take a wooden nest and hug it from the new one. In this case, the authorities cried to death; What's so funny about the spectator? "
"Seven Similes" is a wonderful summary of scholars' talents, which can't be written without personal experience. Pu Songling struggled and tortured on the imperial examination road for decades, and finally understood: "The official career is dark and justice is not obvious. If you don't lose money, you can't make a big deal."
Now it seems that Pu Songling's distress is really ridiculous, pitiful and pathetic. There were tens of thousands of people in ancient China, and how many world-class short story masters were there? But it is Pu Songling's compassion that has become many wonderful works in the history of China's novels, such as,, Si Wenlang, Jia and so on. Because Pu Songling has a profound understanding of the imperial examination system, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is an early work with the main content of exposing the disadvantages and harm of the imperial examination system.
Pu Songling 19 years old Jinshi, 72 years old Jinshi, equivalent to the vice list. There are several kinds of tribute students, and Pu Songling is an old tribute student.
The so-called "year-old tribute", also called "tribute", means that you have been a student for many years and ranked by a consolation contest. As a tribute student, in theory, he can be an official, and Pu Songling got a false name of "candidate Confucianism". What is the level of "Confucian discipline"? I am not an official and have no taste. I am a small official. In feudal society, there were official schools at all levels, imperial academy and Fu Xue, and the county school was the lowest. The head of the county school is called "teaching Oracle", which needs to be a juren; The assistant instructor is called "Confucianism", and Pu Songling's "Confucianism" is preceded by the word "candidate", which means that you are qualified for Confucianism. Whether it can be done depends on whether there are any vacancies in Shandong Province except Zichuan County. If there is a vacancy, see if there is anyone in front.
Pu Songling was a student for 27 years before he was named a tribute student. In this way, when will this kind of "Confucian discipline", which is about equivalent to the vice principal of county middle schools, be available? Therefore, for Pu Songling, who is over 70 years old, tribute only brings spiritual comfort and small practical benefits: four or two tribute silver. However, the county magistrate refused to give Pu Songling a flag plaque and issued a prescribed tribute. Pu Songling had to submit it again and again, asking the county magistrate to give the tree a flag plaque, and also declared that he owed taxes due to drought and his income was insufficient, so he was anxious to wait for the two pieces of silver to pay taxes. The county magistrate gave him a flag plaque, which Pu Songling never got.
The portrait of Pu Songling that we now see in his former residence is wearing Gong Sheng's official clothes. When Pu Songling was 74 years old, his third son invited Zhu Xiang, a toilet worker from the south of the Yangtze River who came to Zichuan by accident, to paint. Pu Songling once wrote a poem praising the painter's painting skills: "The description of his stunts in his life is like a god on Sanmao's cheek." It shows that Pu Songling thinks the portrait is vivid.
The difficulty of writing strange stories from a lonely studio
Pu Songling's failure in the examination has a lot to do with his love of writing novels. Pu Songling is a native of Zichuan, dozens of miles away from Linzi, the ancient capital of Qi, and is the birthplace of Qi culture. There is a hill in the southeast of Zichuan County called Nuoshan. Zheng Kangcheng, a great scholar in Han Dynasty, once opened 12 Academy on Nuo Mountain. There is a catalpa cave behind Lushan Mountain, where Guiguzi once gave lectures. Who is the audience? And Su Qin and Yi Cheung. After Su Qin and Zhang Yi went down the mountain, the famous battle between Lian Heng and the Central Plains in the history of China began. There is a low mountain called "Oracle bone platform" in the south of Zichuan. When Confucius was the head of state of Lu, he accompanied Lu to see Qi Huangong at Oracle bone platform. ..... All kinds of beautiful legends influenced Pu Songling. Pu Songling likes unconstrained style works since he was a child. He loves novels. When Pu Songling was a teenager, the Ming and Qing dynasties changed, and the sky fell and the dynasty changed. Many new things happened, which aroused his enthusiasm for writing novels. When he was about 25 years old, he began to write Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. This inference is quoted from a poem by his friend Zhang. Zhang's poem says that Pu Songling is a "born ignorant fairy" and "an ordinary person is a romantic person". Sikong is Zhang Hua, a Sikong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Natural History is Zhang Hua's strange novel Natural History. Zhang compared Pu Songling with Zhang Hua, a strange novelist who wrote natural history in the Jin Dynasty, indicating that Pu Songling began to write strange novels. Zhang believes that this is not conducive to the imperial examination and should be abandoned. "It is better to talk an empty talk than to talk a strange story." However, Pu Songling did not accept the suggestions of his friends and chose to write Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Genius always expresses itself, and genius always finds a way to express itself. We want to thank Pu Songling, whose seemingly ignorant choice left a wonderful book for world literature.
But for Pu Songling, choosing to write novels is a bottomless pit. He had to be a private school teacher to support his family, while continuing to take the imperial examinations and write novels. At that time, not only did you not get the manuscript fee for writing novels, but even the paper for writing novels should be saved from 13. Pu Songling wore a broken cotton-padded jacket in winter, and his hands were too cold to hold the pen. His foot seemed to be bitten by a cat, and the ink floor in the inkstone froze, but he was still fascinated by his writing. Whatever you hear, write it down at once. He went to Yizhou during his southern tour, got caught in the rain and stayed in a hotel to rest. A scholar named Liu Zijing showed him the Biography of Sang Sheng. A fox girl and a ghost girl fell in love with a scholar, and finally they got married. Pu Songling was attracted. He rewrote the Biography of Sang Sheng into the famous serial Lotus Fragrance.
There are two famous sayings in Pu Songling's southern tour: "The news always goes into the history of ghosts and foxes, and it's hard to get rid of worries about wine." Ghost fox has always been an important content in China's novels, but The History of Ghost Fox is not a simple ghost fox story, but a life story and a sadness with it. Qu Lei's worry is that he cares about the country and the people, and that Qu Yuan and Sima Qian have no way to serve the country. There is a contradiction between wanting to be superior and liking to write novels. Sun Hui, Pu Songling's master, noticed the influence of Pu Songling's novels on seeking fame, and advised him that people are extremely clever, and they can succeed in the imperial examination as long as they "gather talents and attack hard". The so-called "gathering sages" is to converge on the ability to write strange novels and concentrate on the study of sage books. Pu Songling didn't take Sun Hui's advice and continued to write when she was down and out and the whole family was eating porridge.
There are two widely circulated stories in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. One is that Pu Songling set up a tea stall in Liu Quan, invited people to drink tea and tell stories, went home to process and wrote Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. The other is "Liaozhai", which is a chat room. Pu Songling's tea stall, Pu Songling's descendants and friends are not recorded. This statement comes from "Three Borrowing Lu Bi Tan", which Mr. Lu Xun has long thought is unreliable. Pu Songling's I Farm for a Living has been sitting in a museum of a wealthy family. How can he spare time to set up a tea stall in Liu Quan to listen to stories? However, while fighting for survival, Pu Songling regards writing novels as important as life. He always consciously collects novel materials from his friends, which is what is said in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio: "Ya loves searching for gods", "I am happy to talk about ghosts" and "I write as soon as I listen, so I make it up". As for saying that "serial studio" is just a chat studio, it is too superficial. "Chat" means "Let's wait". Liaozhai has something to do with Qu Yuan's Li Sao knocking on the heaven and chatting to shoot sheep, and it has something to do with Tao Yuanming's resignation and returning to his hometown to talk about the car. "Liaozhai" contains the meaning that the author Pengfei is hopeless, talking about writing books and talking about ambitions.
The acquaintance with the great writer Wang Shizhen was a great event in Pu Songling's life. Ruanting, Wang Shizhen, also known as Yuyang Mountain and Xincheng, is the official minister of punishments. He put forward the theory of "verve" and advocated that verve should be the first in poetry creation, which was a literary school in the early Qing Dynasty. During Wang Shizhen's anxiety, she went to xipu to visit her wife from her aunt Brigitte and met Pu Songling. At this time, Wang Shizhen is writing a note novel "I Talk about Red North", and he is very interested in "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio" and greatly appreciates it. He borrowed Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and wrote 36 comments, saying that Rizo was "a wonderful legend" and Liancheng was "elegant and a kind of love, but I didn't expect this person to come back after the peony pavilion".
He also wrote a poem "After the Story of Pusheng (on Zhai Zhiyi of 15)": "After listening to gossip, it rained like silk in the bean shed." I should be tired of speaking human languages, and I should like listening to ghosts singing in autumn graves. "This poem praises the legend and interest of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, and tells the inside story of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio with Li He's Autumn Grave Ghost Singing Bao Family Poems. Pu Songling wrote "The second rhyme is a gift from Mr. Ruan Tingwang": "A book of annals becomes a smile, and the robe is as thin as silk. "Ten years is quite pleasant to Huangzhou, cold in the rain and cold at night." Tell me the frustration and unswerving ambition of my serial creation. Pu Songling's novel creation was discouraged by friends such as Zhang, but was appreciated by a Taige minister. He was very excited, and he had a feeling that "the spring breeze blew the clouds open" and "his eyes suddenly burst into tears". He pretended to be a disciple of Wang Shizhen's private gate wall, and sincerely hoped that Wang Shizhen could preface Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
Wang Shizhen promised to consider it, but didn't write it in the end. That's understandable. The official of Taige, a senior official, gave the poor scholar a little courage. Interestingly, history often plays jokes on people. At that time, Pu Songling hoped to improve the popularity of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio through Wang Shizhen's preface. Now, in the magnificent masterpiece "The Nature of Fisherman's Mountain Man", this well-known poem turns out to be the sequel to "The Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio by Pu Sheng".
What everyone is interested in is that Pu Songling has written so many beautiful love stories. Does he have "the willow shoots on the moon, and people meet after dusk"? Is there a love of life and death beyond the wall? Some experts have verified that Pu Songling wrote an "Inscription on the Portrait of Chen Shuqing", which is about the love between the author and Chen Shuqing. Therefore, it is inferred that Pu Songling has a second wife, Chen Shuqing, and they are free to fall in love and are beaten by their parents. However, some experts have verified that "Inscription for Portrait" was written by Pu Songling, a friend of Wang, when he returned from his southern tour and sat in his hometown. In this way, Pu Songling's so-called second wife no longer exists. Why can Pu Songling write so many different love stories? Very intriguing.
Pu Songling's wife Liu is a good wife and mother. Pu Songling is sitting outside the museum. She brought home the bacon, supported the elderly and raised young children. Some delicious food was left to Pu Songling, and sometimes it was broken. Pu Songling's family has a good wife, but for decades, she has treated her family as a postal kiosk and her wife as a crane. Pu Songling is an emotional person. When he finished teaching students during the day and was alone in the study in the dead of night, the moonlight was dim, the trees were dancing, and the fox's cry came from a distance. It is easy for him to imagine such a plot: a talented but unsuccessful scholar like him is sitting alone in a lonely study, and a beautiful girl pushes the door and comes in to comfort the scholar, and talks with him about poetry, paper and chess to help him prosper. And this girl didn't want her parents' orders, matchmaker's words, birthright and money, and in turn gave the money to the scholar. How wishful, wishful man's fantasy, a poor scholar's fantasy of love? In a society with strict ethics and different seats for men and women, can there be such a seven-year-old woman? No This kind of beauty can only come from the sky, from the bottom of the sea, from deep mountain caves and from the underworld. Flowers have changed, birds have changed, foxes have changed, and even, as written in the book "Insanity", Hanshu was taken off the shelf and turned to the eighth volume. There is a beautiful woman cut with gauze, and the back says "Weaver in the sky". Suddenly, this tulle cut out the beauty in the book. Freud said that "dreams are the realization of wishes", and we said that the beauty transformed by the charm of foxes is a daydream of poor scholar Pu Songling.