Liu Bang and Xiang Yu are two completely different people: Xiang Yu is a descendant of aristocrats, and Liu Bang was born in the city. Xiang Yu is mighty and heroic; Liu Bangwu can neither be martial nor write. Xiang Yu only had a crush on one woman-concubine; Liu bang is greedy and lustful. Xiang Yu is loyal to his loyalty and attaches great importance to his feelings. Chi injured his beloved generals and soldiers in the war, and Xiang Yu buried 200 thousand chi alive in a rage. Liu bang is capricious, cunning and suspicious. In my mind, Xiang Yu is really an indomitable spirit, a real man with clear love and hate. "Where there is a will, there is a way, and millions of Chu soldiers will eventually destroy Qin" is what Xiang Yu said!
However, Xiang Yu lost in the battle for the emperor. -Xiang Yu has been through many battles all his life, invincible and invincible; He only lost once, and this time he lost miserably and lost his life! On the contrary, Liu Bang has always been a loser on the battlefield. In the true sense, he won only once, and it was only after World War I that he won the throne of the emperor. History often likes to joke with people so much, and the reason is worth pondering!
We can say that Xiang Yu is a hero, a gentleman and a good man. Liu Bang is a villain, even a rogue. The villain defeated the hero, and the rogue defeated the gentleman. Is it accidental? No, it's inevitable. If history repeats itself, I believe that Liu Bang will eventually sit on the throne of the emperor! In fact, none of the founding emperors of past dynasties was a gentleman.
Being a gentleman is very tiring and there are many constraints! Little people don't. Little people can do whatever it takes for the benefit, and they can change their faces at will and hide their true intentions deeply in their hearts! Undoubtedly, Liu Bang got the gist in playing politics and winning people's hearts. Liu bang did all this, that is, thick-skinned, black-hearted, ruthless, sweet-mouthed, acting and acting. When Liu Bang was the director of the pavilion, he owed money and teased the common people. Everything changed when he entered Guanzhong. He made three chapters about the law, and did not commit crimes against the rich and beautiful women in Epang Palace. The people and the old minister of Qin cheered. Poor Xiang Yu thought it was Liu Bang's loyalty to him, but Fan Zeng saw Liu Bang's simplicity more and more-but Xiang Yu didn't listen to Fan Zeng. There are 3,000 people in Liu Bang's think tank, among whom Sean, Xiao He and Han Xin are outstanding figures. Xiang Yu has only Fan Zeng, a wise man, but he still doesn't listen to others. Xiang Yu is really no match for him. Liu Bang is really smart. No wonder Xiang Yu wants to lose and Liu Bang wants to win!
Looking at the history of the late Qin dynasty is actually boring. Everyone with a discerning eye knows the reason why Xiang Yu failed. Xiang Yu will lose! History is easy for future generations to see because of its remoteness; But at that time, many smart people saw Xiang Yu's fatal shortcomings, so although Xiang Yu's reputation was in full swing and Liu Bang was a villain, they would rather take refuge in Liu Bang. The truly wonderful fighting history is the Warring States and Three Kingdoms period, which is an era when heroes are needed and produced. It's really exciting to watch the hegemonic disputes, counselors and soldiers on the battlefield in wyndell dichinson!
If you don't write, you really can't write in a small space! If I had to choose between a gentleman and a villain, I would rather be a villain; If I had to choose between politicians and businessmen, I would rather choose businessmen. Politicians are tired, fake and hypocritical! Some time ago, Clinton almost stepped down because of a woman, which made me very emotional. To tell the truth, a successful man is so clean and pure. What's wrong with being a businessman, having some money and fame, and doing what you love?
Liu Bang's Personal Quality and Early Han Culture from a Historical Perspective
Since Sima Qian, the personality quality of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, has not been highly valued. Even when he highly praised Liu Bang's achievements, he only said that he saved the people from fire and water, but did not praise his whole personality. Criticism of Liu Bang began with Ruan Ji's exclamation that "there is no hero in the world, and a son became famous" [1]. After "Lala" became popular, Liu Bang simply became synonymous with poor personality, and it has not changed so far. These views of denying Liu Bang's character are also derived from historical records, and it should be said that at least some of them are true. However, this situation is contradictory. This is not only unreasonable in reason, but also extremely impossible in fact, because great behavior comes from low character. If you are sure that Liu Bang's achievements are great, then his character must be great. Sima Qian called it the Great Sage, which was not empty talk, but supported by a large number of facts. Liu Xiang and Ban Gu called Historical Records "beauty that is not empty, evil that is not hidden", [2] which is basically a conclusion drawn from Sima Qian's description of Liu Bang. Beauty is not empty, that is, Sima Qian's praise of Liu bang is based on facts; Not hiding evil means that although Sima Qian praised Liu Bang's achievements, he did not shy away from his own shortcomings. As a result, later generations often ignored Sima Qian's true beauty, but especially took a fancy to his not hiding evil, which caused the embarrassment of Liu Bang's evaluation. In fact, a ruler like Liu Bang, who established the first stable dynasty in China's history, can't simply evaluate his personal qualities by good or bad, but should look at the mainstream, that is, the overall performance. Sima Qian's conclusion is to look at mainstream products. Today, when we evaluate Liu Bang's character, we should also evaluate it from a historical perspective, that is, from the perspective of Sima Qian, so as to draw a true conclusion about his character.
First, Sima Qian's evaluation basis
What is Sima Qian's angle? It was he who said in the Biography of Emperor Gaozu: "Xia Zhizheng, a man of loyalty, a field of villains, was accepted by the Yin people with courtesy. To us, villains are ghosts, so Zhou people inherited them in words. If she is weak, the villain will be loyal to her, so there is no way to save her. 3. If Wang Zhidao goes on, it will always start again. Between Zhou and Qin dynasties, it can be said that the writing is poor. It would be a shame if Qin Zheng did not amend the anti-torture law. Therefore, Han Xing has a changeable inheritance, which makes people tireless and unified. " This conclusion of Sima Qian seems to have too much fatalism, which seems to be out of date today after more than two thousand years. There are not a few people who disagree or disagree. However, as a serious historian, Sima Qian's conclusions drawn from thousands of years of historical investigation will not lose their reasonable components because they are not to people's taste or lack a sense of the times. In a sense, Sima Qian's profound understanding of the inherent laws of history is much better than most of us today. In Sima Qian's view, what Liu Bang did was "loyalty and righteousness", as "Justice in Historical Records" said: "The Han people inherited Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters. Oppose its loyal politics, make the people tireless, and get the unity of heaven and earth. Therefore, Tai Shigong quoted praise, and Mei Gaozu could change Qin and make the people peaceful. " If you participate in the preface to the bright moon in Qin dynasty, Sima Qian's meaning will be more clear. He said: "I was worried about the past and succeeded in the summer. After decades of accumulation of virtue, he is in charge of the people, taking administrative matters, taking the test in the sky, and then taking office. King Wu Tang was ruled by Qi and Hou Ji and practiced benevolence and righteousness for more than ten generations. He accidentally met 800 vassals in Jin Meng, but he still thought it was impossible, and then he was released. After Qin began to assist Gong, Zhang Youwen, Miao, Xian and Xiao wrote and spent a little time gnawing at the six countries for more than a hundred years. When it comes to the first emperor, it is possible to win the championship. If virtue is the same as others, it is difficult to overcome the difficulty of unifying scholars. Since Qin proclaimed himself emperor, he has suffered from wars and revolutions constantly, and only then can he have princes. Therefore, without the seal of the ruler, the famous city will be destroyed, the dysprosium will be sold, the hero will be gone, and the world will be peaceful. However, the prosperity of the trace of the king began in Lv Xiang, combined with the Crusades, and was told in three generations. The Qin ban in rural areas is suitable for those who have the ability to drive away their ears. Therefore, I am angry that what I do is the best in the world, and I am not the king of the earth. This is the so-called great sage. Isn't it heaven? Isn't it heaven? It is not the Great Sage who can be emperor. " It turns out that Liu Bang's achievement is to return to normal the social life that has been turbulent for hundreds of years since Zhou Wang moved eastward. Of course, this achievement can only be described by Great Sage.
In fact, Sima Qian's conclusion is not his own, but on the basis of absorbing previous summaries. After Liu Bang's death, all the ministers said, "Emperor Taizu started from the subtleties, set things right, and in turn settled the world. He was the Han Taizu, with the highest merit." [3] More than half of the familiar saying of setting things right today originated from Liu Bang. Why do you say that? Because Qin was established after the war, it is conditional to do so, that is, Qin will restart the three Wang Zhidao cycles since the summer. As Jia Yi said when commenting on Qin's death, "Today, when it is established, the world must lead and observe its management. Cold husbands are rich in brown, hungry ones are willing to spoil chaff, and the world is rich. This statement is easy for the people. " [4] However, the foundation of Qin's founding is not generosity, let alone untimely meanness and harshness, which makes the Three Wang Zhidao unsustainable. This historical situation of bringing order out of chaos was only achieved through Liu Bang's success. So, "said Lu Sheng," the emperor rose to learn from others, criticized Qin, punished strong Chu, promoted good and eliminated evil for the world, and succeeded five emperors Huang San to govern China. China has a population of several hundred million, and Wan Li is the most fertile place in the world. There are many people and cars, and everything is rich. From heaven and earth, there is no beginning. " [5] It can be seen that Sima Qian's evaluation of Liu Bang is based on his contribution to the people, and it is based on the fact that hundreds of years after Zhou Wang moved eastward, the world was in war and the people were displaced, and finally Han Xing was pacified. So, did Liu Bang make this contribution intentionally or unintentionally, or caused this situation? Judging from the historical records, it should be intentional from the heart.
Second, the heart of human nature is based on the heart of the whole world.
When we talk about Liu Bang's success now, we always put forward his three advantages: 1, brilliant, resourceful and far-sighted; 2, can use people, especially control people; 3. The mind is flexible, the intelligence is extremely high, and the ability to improvise has reached a superb level; There is no mention of Liu Bang's benevolence for the needs of the times. In fact, this is Liu Bang's greatest advantage, handsome among the advantages. Other advantages are only subordinate to this.
Sima Qian recorded: "Gaozu is a human being, ... being kind and loving others." [6] This spirit of benevolence and love is everywhere in historical materials: it was originally embodied in being a prisoner on the way to Xianyang for the court. Then he didn't want to accept the position of Pei Ling at the beginning. Liu Ji said, "The world is in turmoil, and all the ministers have risen together. It is not good to set up generals now, and they will be defeated. I dare not love myself, but I'm afraid I'll lose weight and I'm afraid I won't be a father, brother and child. I am willing to make a better choice for this big event. " [7] Note that Liu Bang's words are different from those of Cao Can and Xiao He. Grass's words are a fear of failure, while Qin Dynasty is the home of race, and Liu Bang's words have no personal factors. The most typical thing is to enter the customs to destroy Qin, and make three chapters with Qin people, knowing that Qin laws should be eliminated and not rewarding Qin people; In the seventh year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang attacked Han Wangxin and returned to Xianyang. "Seeing that the Palace Que was very strong, he was furious, saying that Xiao He said: Hungary in the world has struggled for several years, and its success or failure is unknown. What are the rules of the excessive palace? " [8] Finally, in the twelfth year of the Han Dynasty, the father and the old man continued to drink. Liu Bang said: "We are so numerous that my father and brother can't give it." [9] I don't want to disturb my hometown elders too much, expressing my deep sympathy for my hometown people. All this is not acting, but from the heart.
Speaking of Liu Bang's benevolence and love, we may have to compare people's evaluation of Xiang Yu at that time. Xiao He said, "Wang Su is slow and rude. Today he worships the general like a child. " [10] Han Xin said: "When Wang Xiang meets people, he is respectful and affectionate, and he spits out his words. When he is sick, he drinks with tears. In order to make people active, when knighted, sealed? Wish? What happened to the beach? Reef rescue? Room disease! Chen Ping said, "Wang Xiang is a man who respects his lover, and those who are honest and polite will repay him. "As for gong city, it is heavy, and it is not attached. Today, the king is slow and polite, and those who are cheap and frugal don't come. But the king can spare the respect of the city, and those who are stubborn and shameless will also return to the Han Dynasty. If you go to the other side's shortcomings and attack their two strengths, the world will refer to people. However, the king can't get an honest man by insulting others. " [12] Li Shiqi said: Hanwang "accepted the soldiers of the world and made princes. When you come to the city, you wait for your general. When you get a bribe, you share your talents, benefit the whole world, and be proud of your talents. ..... Xiang Wang has the name of double contract, killing Yi Di. People's merits are not remembered, and people's sins are not forgotten. Failure without reward, pulling out the city without sealing, using it instead of using it. Carving for people, huh? What's the good news? L jade, a barren woman, appeared beside the barrel many times. Shi Yu wheel? Hey? And acyl? Spoon card disease! Gao Qi and Wang Ling said, "Your majesty is slow and insulting, and Xiang Yu is kind and loves others. However, your majesty made people attack the city, and everyone who came down gave it, which is also beneficial to the world. "[14] The above is actually the way to treat others, not the way to love others. Nevertheless, we can still see the essential difference between Liu and Xiang. Liu Tong is the world, and this item is its own patent. With this premise, The Lover of Xiang has no substantive content, but more of a performance component. On the other hand, Liu benefits the whole world as much as possible. This way of dealing with people, its arrogance has no substantial harm to people, and it is of great benefit to people's promotion. This also confirms the essence of Liu Bang's benevolence. It is precisely because of this kind heart that the world can return to its original heart and win the final victory. As can be seen from the historical records, Liu Bang, the hero, benefited more from the seal. In fact, the people in the early Han Dynasty benefited a lot. The Qin dynasty was extravagant and extravagant, and received half of the gifts in the world. By the beginning of the Han Dynasty, everything was in ruins, but taxes did not increase but decreased. "Song Zhou Mi's" Qi Dong Yu Ye "cloud: The mining field method is abolished, with many names, and Han is the lightest. Since the high, benefit, fifteen taxes have been paid, and Wendi has given a half-rent order. In the first year of Jingdi, I also tasted half rent; It will be 30 next year, tax 1, which is the so-called half rent. At the beginning,/kloc-was taxed at the age of 0/5 and at the age of 30. Now it is one of the taxes, which is the so-called semi-rental system. It is not easy to defend oneself from behind, so Emperor Guangwu said: Those who are equipped with divisions and brigades have not solved it, so they pay tithes. Today's grain storage is poor, so we have to pay 30 tax, just like the old system. It is known that thirty taxes are one, and Han people often make it. "[15] This situation, which lasted for hundreds of years, shows that the biggest beneficiary of Liu Bang's victory is not himself and his subordinates, but the broad masses of the people. This is just in line with what Laozi said: "People are hungry, depending on the amount of grain tax, it is hunger", "So the sage said: I do nothing, but the people are self-sufficient; I am so quiet that the people are self-righteous; I have nothing to do and the people are rich; I am just without desire, and the people are simple. "Sima Qian's evaluation also has a foothold.
Third, dare to take responsibility, don't boast about your achievements, and dare to blame yourself.
When the situation was unfavorable, Liu Bang had a disgraceful record of running for his life and kicking his children out of the car, but more importantly, he showed the spirit of courage in the face of major responsibilities. This is the nature of the above-mentioned prisoners and Pei Gong. The real responsibility is to destroy Qin and resist Chu. After Xiang Liang's defeat, Chu Huaiwang took charge of the overall situation with all his heart, and when the general Molly entered the customs first. In this case, Chu Huaiwang ordered Liu Bang's general to attack Qin with less than 10,000 troops, paving the way for Chu to help Zhao. Liu bang didn't flinch and accomplished the task well. On this point, you can refer to my book "Liu Bangxi's War Route and Historical Achievements Analysis", [16] which is not superfluous. In the war against Chu, the most difficult thing is to confront Xiang Yu directly. Because Xiang Yu was the most talented at that time, no one could beat him, so this important task was personally borne by Liu Bang. He confronted Chu in Xingyang for three years, suffered repeated defeats and wars, was injured many times and was almost captured several times. "Historical Records" quoted Sanzhu's story: "Chu and Han were separated from Beijing for six years, and suffered twelve blows and four stones." The authenticity of this record is difficult to verify, but it is enough to prove that confrontation with Xiang Yu is extremely dangerous. It was Liu Bang who effectively contained Xiang Yu and ensured the smooth progress of other battlefield situations. Liu Bang dared to shoulder the heavy responsibility, not only before the world was undecided, but even after he became emperor, whether Han Wangxin, Chen Yi or Qing Bu, or whether he was in good health or not, he took pains to lead troops in person.
When Liu Bang was emperor, the vassal * * once said, "At first, Qin Wei died, and everyone ruled him. My late king won the king of Qin and settled in Guanzhong, making the most contribution to the world. Life and death are at stake, the defeat can be saved, and the people are safe and virtuous. It also benefited governors and Wang Yougong, making the country a country. The division of land has been fixed, but the rank number is comparable, and the division of death is up and down. The merits of the king are not announced in future generations. " At that time, Liu Bang's contribution was the ultimate and could not be higher. He still refuses to become emperor. He said: "I heard that the emperor had a sage, but his name was empty, but he didn't take it." Now that the princes have pushed me up, what should I do? "[17] This record of not forgetting others' contributions under indisputable circumstances is of course the embodiment of his benevolent heart. The most famous is his dialogue with ministers after the world was stable. When talking about how to win the world, he said: "My husband is thousands of miles away, and I am not as good as my ovary. I'm not as good as Xiao He, because I can help the country and the people, and I get paid. Even if it is a million-strong army, we must win the battle and attack it. I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are outstanding people, and I can use them, so I win the world. Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng, so he can't use it. That's why he was arrested for me. " [18] Because Liu Bang has such an evaluation, later generations often think that Liu Bang is underexposed. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss this issue. Although the contributions of the above three people are not small, they are all made under the leadership of Liu Bang. For example, with the help of Xiang Liang, Sean led more than 1,000 soldiers to North Korea in his early years. Every city he won was immediately taken away by Qin Jun, and he got nothing in the end. Of course, Sean certainly has his strong points. According to historical records, Liu Bang benefited a lot from his tricks. There will certainly be some unwise ideas that have not been adopted by Liu Bang and left out by history books. Liu Bang is not good at Xiao He's works at all. It should be said that Liu Bang's evaluation of Xiao He is pertinent, but Sima Qian commented on Xiao He: "Why did Xiao become a knife and pencil official in Qin? This is nothing to be surprised about. And Han Xing, according to the last light of the sun and the moon, why did he keep the key? Because of the illness of the people, Qin Fa went down the river to start a new stove. " [19] This shows that Xiao He's credit was obtained under the trust of Liu Bang. Han Xin originally came to take refuge in Hanwang alone. Although the meritorious military service was great, after all, he did not directly fight Xiang Yu. Whether his combat capability is definitely higher than that of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu at that time is not easy to draw a conclusion. It's just that Liu Bang was not famous for fighting in history. History has a low opinion of his ability. In fact, he is very capable. Only Liu Bang himself can quell the rebellion in Qing Bu, Chen Sihe. When fighting Qin, Han Xin had not joined Liu Bang's camp, and Liu Bang could still win Qin. Sean called his use of troops a gift, which shows that Liu Bang's military ability is quite high. Because Liu Bang doesn't praise his own achievements, his praise of Sanjie is entirely from the heart, and it is also completely in line with people's evaluation of him, such as "he can spare others and seize the city", "he can make people attack the city slightly, and those who fall will benefit from it, which is the same as the world" and "when he falls, he will wait for his generals and get bribes to divide his soldiers and benefit the world".
There is a willingness to adapt the credit to others. Liu Bang never has his own will, is not opinionated, and has a certain sense of self-blame, which is rare among the founding emperors. At the beginning, he wanted to live in Qin Gong, and it was human nature to do so. But when he heard the advice of Fan Kuai and Zhang Liangzhi, he immediately gave up his original plan. I have long listened to Li Sheng's theory and sealed the seal of the descendants of the six countries. When I heard that Sean objected, I gave up at once. Originally intended to be wanted by Lu Bu, he took Xia Houying's advice and appointed Lu Bu as minister. Su Dongpo's comments on this behavior are the most insightful. He said: "Engraving and selling seals is just a joke. Why have you ever been tired of your great grandfather's wisdom? It is enough to understand that saints have no me. " [20]
In the 12th year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was guilty and became Prime Minister Xiao He. Afterwards, I reviewed with Xiao He: "The Prime Minister asked to build a garden for the people, but I refused. I am only a master, and the Prime Minister is a saint. I went to the countryside, so I want people to know me. " [2 1] What a generous mind. Sima Qian said: "Yu Zi is tyrannical and virtuous." [22] Liu Bang himself claimed to be immoral and blamed himself. It is this kind of introspective modesty that made the rulers in the early Han Dynasty avoid the mistake of Qin's death, and the rest of the people also fell into practice. As a result, the prosperity of Wenjing rule appeared in history.
Fourth, respect knowledge and its influence on China culture.
Now no one talks about Liu Bang's respect for knowledge, because Emperor Gaozu was a scoundrel in people's minds and showed great disrespect for people with knowledge. Historical records record that he met Confucian scholars and "wanted to solve his crown and drown in it"; Scold Lu Jia's bad image, such as "living in public and getting it right away, being a Taiping poet" [23], so later generations often say that "Liu Xiang doesn't study." But this situation should be said to be superficial, not essential. The essence of Liu Bang is to respect knowledge, especially to unite talents, which is also a manifestation of his respect for knowledge.
In fact, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang were originally students. Liu Jiao, Liu Bang's younger brother, was a childhood classmate of several great scholars. Liu Bang's education is certainly not too bad. In this respect, only Lu Wan is a classmate. But Liu Hexiang's attitude towards knowledge is completely different. When Xiang Yu obliterated Chu Huaiwang's contribution, he said: "Those who have been exposed to the wild for three years and wiped out the Qin Dynasty will have the power of generals and books." [24] Liu Bangding wanted to reward Xiao He's achievements in the world, but he was also opposed by military commanders: "I am determined to be fierce, and I have fought hundreds of battles, ranging from dozens to dozens, attacking the city slightly and varying in size. Today's Xiao He, never had a sweat, only talk about pen and ink, don't fight, only care about ministers and others. Why not? " [25] You see, this is similar to Xiang Yu's original mentality. But Liu Bang is not Xiang Yu. He took hunting as an example: "The husband hunts and the dog hunts. And those who send notices to indicate where animals are, people also. Today, you can get animal ears. Kung fu dog also. Be like Xiao He, with instructions and contributions. " [26] Liu Hexian's understanding of the role of knowledge is so different that his failure is appropriate. Sima Qian's evaluation of Xiang Yu's failure is "don't learn from the ancients, only strive for his private wisdom", and Yang Xiong, a Han Chinese, thinks that Liu Bang's victory is "Qi Xin's concerted efforts to defeat others". Both of these views are correct, but they only represent two tendencies of respecting and despising knowledge. Perhaps Su Zhe's words are helpful for us to understand Liu Bang. He said: "The ancient sages and sages drove out all the people in the world, and people did their best. The benevolent makes him benevolent, the brave makes him brave, the wise makes him wise, and the strong makes him effective. " Although the people in the world are mixed, they are all listed in the front, and the benevolent gentleman will let them go? And although there are good people in the world, they don't know and are not sick, but they are kind-hearted and can't get good benefits. who is it? He is not only used by me, but also a hero in the world. He wants to collect merits without suppressing his heart! "[27] Sue after this passage, directly put the saint to the emperor gaozu.
In fact, Liu Bang's cleverness and wisdom were not comparable to those of others at that time. Because of his respect for knowledge, he attaches great importance to the contributions of others. As for the reason why he despised Confucian scholars, it may be that many Confucian scholars were really "only talking about pen and ink" and "pedantic and far-reaching." But there are not a few truly talented people who have a good strategy and have to adopt it. According to historical records, in Luoyang New Town, Liu Bang listened to the good strategies of people's parents, Sheng Yuan, Zheng Zhong and Li Shiqi, and gained the initiative to fight against Chu. There should be many such examples, and it is impossible to write them down in history books.
There is a special comment on Liu Bang's wisdom. He said: "Hanwang's wisdom is sparse, because he can get true wisdom, so he is king." ..... Emperor Gaudi of the Han Dynasty relied on his own wisdom, which was not enough to rule the world and it. However, people who die in the world can accept people's wisdom and undoubtedly put it down. If a husband can let go because of human wisdom, then the wisdom of the world is all his capital. This so-called true wisdom is also. " [28] When the ancients made such a conclusion, their focus was often Liu Sheng's failure. In fact, this just shows that Liu Bang takes the wisdom of the world as his wisdom and the heart of the world as his heart, so he can give up his own selfish desires and take good advice. No wonder heroes are willing to drive it, because Liu Bang can provide a stage for everyone to display their talents best.
It can be imagined that under the circumstances that the benevolent is benevolent, the brave is brave, the wise is wise, and the strong is strong, not only the war has won, but also a good situation has been created for the future cultural rejuvenation. The predecessors once said: "Emperor Gaozu Gaudi is resourceful and can make decisions, so he knows Sanjie's plan, and undoubtedly uses it. He is good at Chen Ping's plan and follows it without stint." When eating ovaries, wash them and listen to Li Sheng's theory. Lou Jing has a plan to build the capital, but the Kingdom of Ghana doesn't like it, so he gives his surname. Lu Jia has a dedication to Xinyu, so he personally saw it and called it good; If it is easy to remonstrate with the prince, if Zhou Chang speaks wisely, then love it. On Xiao He, I will reward him for what he said. The judgment of employing people is also why. There are about three chapters in "Qin Ji Punishment"; The evil of Xiang Yu will lead to the funeral of the righteous emperor; When Hu Hai died, the rebellious first set up a prince; The disaster of burning books miserably is to worship Confucius to set up a ancestral temple in Luzi; Respecting the squire and sealing the same surname, filial piety is popular; One of the beauty of the laws, articles of association, court ceremonies and systems for applying to join the army is justified politically. If Ding Gong is unfaithful, he will be killed to show his partiality to the sergeant. Ji Bu is his own master, so he was sealed to show it; Political rewards and punishments are clear, why are they clear to politics? " [29]
Because of the turmoil in the early Han Dynasty, perhaps Liu Bang himself did not make a direct contribution to the cultural construction, but his practice of taking the heart of the world as the heart is instructive to the restoration of culture. Liu Bang's attitude caused an objective state of inaction, which was completely different from the Qin Dynasty's practice of "taking officials as teachers" and letting a hundred schools of thought contend. Liu Bang is a native of Chu, and his hometown is not far from Lao Zi's birthplace. I wonder if Lao Tzu's theory will work for him? There is no direct evidence in this respect, only indirectly taking the road of inaction for Qi, and Sima Qian's father also advocated the technique of Huang Lao. Probably these people felt what Lao Tzu advocated from Liu Bang's attitude. Laozi once said: "It is the world wind for saints to embrace one. You can't see yourself, so be clear; Self-evident, so obvious; Do not cut yourself, have merit; Not self-sufficient, so long. " Examining Liu Bang's personal qualities is vaguely consistent with Laozi's proposition. As a result, the reputation of Emperor Gaozu was always quite high in the last feudal world.
If we discuss Liu Bang's influence on China culture in this sense, can we draw the conclusion that taking the heart of the world as the heart means believing that people have the ability and right to choose knowledge and adopting the principle of non-interference, so that people and society can develop themselves, which will lead to the prosperity of the whole culture? Most people in China are called Han people, which is inseparable from the rapid development of Han culture after the Qin Fire. Mencius said that the virtue of a gentleman is like the wind, and the virtue of a villain is like grass. The rulers of the Han Dynasty, led by Liu Bang, adopted the policy of inaction at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, which resulted in the cultural foundation of generosity in the Han Dynasty. Today, while evaluating Liu Bang's efforts to set things right, we should also give him his due position in the co-creation of Chinese culture.